Objective 4.04: Describe the suitability of materials for use in technological design: Electrical...

Objective 4.04: Describe the suitability of materials for use in technological design:

Electrical conductivity Density

MagnetismSolubility

Malleability

Physical PropertyProperty—any factor that can be used

identify and describe matterHelps for deciding the uses of various

materials for technologyPhysical property—observable and

measureable characteristic without changing the identity of the substance Ex Mass, volume, color, hardness, and phase Every substance has its own unique properties

Chemical PropertyChemical property—how the matter will

change under certain conditions, this characteristic is unique to substancesAbility to burn, rust, react to light, or react

with acids are chemical properties of matterOpen the link below to check your

understanding of physical vs. chemical properties…click on Run The Module to get it started

http://vital.cs.ohiou.edu/?page_id=161

Review from YesterdayZigzag line divides the table into metalloids,

metals, and nonmetals

Malleable and DuctileMalleable—able to be hammered and shaped

and rolled into thin sheets like foil Ductile—able to be stretched or drawn into

wires without breaking

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MagnetismMagnetism—attraction(moving towards) or

repulsion (moving away) between like or unlike poles—iron, cobalt, and nickel are strong magnets

www.ohiomagnetics.com

Electricity and HeatConductor—a material or substance

electricity or heat easily flows throughInsulators—a material that electricity or heat

doesn’t easily flow through—rubber, wood, plastic, glass

Semiconductor—a material that has conductive properties that are variable—these can be useful for carrying electricity under certain conditions

DensityDensity—density=mass/volume certain

substances have a specific density

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Solubility Solubility—measure of how much of a

substance can dissolve in a certain amount of another substanceCarbon dioxide will dissolve more in water

than oxygen, that’s why it is used in sodas

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On page 12 in your notebookWrite the heading Discussion QuestionsAnswer discussion questions 1-4, which can

be located in your notes….If you don’t have your notes then find the

Chemistry Unit Notes located on my website under the chemistry tab

Identify substances based on characteristic physical properties:

DensityBoiling/Melting points

SolubilityChemical reactivity

Specific heat

TemperatureTemperature is a physical property

Temperature that a substance melts or boils is specific for the that substance

Temperature ReviewMelting Point Boiling PointMelting point—the

temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid i.e water 0CRecall the melting point

for your element

Boiling point—the temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas i.e. water 100CRecall the boiling point

for your element

http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/hotplate/index.html

Specific HeatSpecific heat—the amount of heat needed

to raise 1 gram (1 g) of a substance by 1 degree Celsius The unit of specific heat is joules per gram per

degree Celsius (J/g C)Used to compare how different substances

absorb heat

Specific Heat• Which of the

following has the lowest specific heat?

• Which of the following has the highest specific heat?

Substance Specific Heat (J/g C) 

Water (liquid)

4.18

Ethanol 2.44Water (solid) 2.06Aluminum 0.897Lead 0.129