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NutritionNutritionNutritionNutritionNUR 102 LabNUR 102 Lab
Module IModule I
Enteral Nutrition• Definition—administration of
nutrients directly into the GI tract• Beneficial when oral feedings are
not possible, but the stomach or intestines are able to digest nutrients
• Preferred over parenteral nutrition
Evidence-Based Practice
• Indications– Impaired swallowing or gag reflex
usually related to a neurological process
– Nutritional deficit due to decreased food ingestion
– Inability to eat related to surgery, injury, or disease
Continued…• Complications
– Displacement of tube– Electrolyte imbalance– Hyperglycemia– Constipation – Diarrhea– Clogging of the tube– Vomiting– Pulmonary aspiration
Enteral Feeding• Types
– Nasogastric—a small tube that is passed through the nares into the stomach
– Nasointestinal—tungsten-weighted tube inserted through the nares to allow peristalsis to move the tube through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum or jejunum
– Gastrostomy—surgically placed feeding tube inserted into the stomach in the LUQ of the abdomen
Continued…
Continued…
Continued…
Equipment Needed• NG tube• Catheter tip syringe, 60cc• Tape or tube fixation device• Cup of water or ice chips for the
patient• Clean gloves
Continued…
Insertion of a Nasogastric or Nasointestinal Tube
• Refer to Skill 30-1, pg 1014
Verifying Tube Placement
• X-ray after initial insertion• pH of aspirate• Air bolus auscultation • Aspiration of gastric contents or
feeding
NG Tube Irrigation• Refer to Skill 30-3, pg 1025
Types of NG Feedings
• Intermittent or Bolus
• Continuous drip
Equipment for Feeding• Clean gloves• 60cc syringe or feeding bag• Formula
Feeding Administration• Refer to Skill 30-4, pg 1028
Evaluation of Feeding• Measure residual per policy—notify
MD if >100cc• Monitor blood sugar levels per
policy• Intake and output every 8 hours• Monitor lab values—albumin,
prealbumin, protein, transferrin
Continued…• Daily weights• Assess respiratory status• Assess level of comfort• Assess abdomen—bowel sounds
Gastrostomy Feedings• Refer to Skill 30-5, pg 1036
NCLEX Review Questions
Parenteral Therapy• Definition—specialized nutrition
support delivered intravenously• Ideal for patients who cannot
digest or absorb enteral nutrition• Provides amino acids, dextrose, fat
emulsions, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements
Central Venous Catheter
PICC Line
Nursing Care• Refer to Skill 31-1, pg 1049,
Skill31-2, pg 1-57, and Skill 31-3, pg 1061
NCLEX Review Questions
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