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FOR RELEASE APRIL 4, 2014
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
ON THIS REPORT:
Alan Cooperman, Director of Religion Research
Conrad Hackett, Demographer
Katherine Ritchey, Communications Manager,
Religion & Public Life Project
202.419.4562
www.pewresearch.org/religion
RECOMMENDED CITATION: Pew Research Center, April 2014, “Global Religious Diversity: Half of the Most Religiously Diverse Countries
are in Asia-Pacific Region”
NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD
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Overview
Several years ago, the Pew Research Center produced estimates
of the religious makeup of more than 200 countries and
territories, which it published in the 2012 report “The Global
Religious Landscape.” The effort was part of the Pew-Templeton
Global Religious Futures project, which analyzes religious
change and its impact on societies around the world. As part of
the next phase of this project, Pew Research has produced an
index that ranks each country by its level of religious diversity.
Comparing religious diversity across countries presents many
challenges, starting with the definition of diversity. Social
scientists have conceived of diversity in a variety of ways,
including the degree to which a society is split into distinct
groups; minority group size (in share and/or absolute number);
minority group influence (the degree to which multiple groups
are visible and influential in civil society); and group dominance
(the degree to which one or more groups dominate society). Each
of these approaches can be applied to the study of religious
diversity.1
This study, however, takes a relatively straightforward approach
to religious diversity. It looks at the percentage of each country’s
population that belongs to eight major religious groups, as of
2010.2 The closer a country comes to having equal shares of the
eight groups, the higher its score on a 10-point Religious
Diversity Index.
The choice of which religious groups to include in this study stems from the original research that
was done for “The Global Religious Landscape” report. That study was based on a country-by-
country analysis of data from more than 2,500 national censuses, large-scale surveys and official
population registers that were collected, evaluated and standardized by Pew Research staff and, in
1 See Johnson, Todd M. and Brian J. Grim. 2013. Chapter 3: Religious Diversity. The World’s Religions in Figures: An Introduction to
International Religious Demography. Wiley-Blackwell, pages 93-108. The Pew Research study builds on the methodology developed by
Johnson and Grim, a former senior researcher at the Pew Research Center. 2 Membership in each religious group is based on self-identification. It relies on the number of people around the world who view themselves
as belonging to various religious groups. The study does not attempt to measure the degree to which members of these groups actively
practice their faiths or how religious they are. For definitions of the religious groups, see the Pew Research Center’s December 2012 report
“The Global Religious Landscape.”
Size of Major Religious
Groups, 2010
% of the global population
*Includes followers of African traditional
religions, Chinese folk religions, Native
American religions and Australian
aboriginal religions.
**Includes Baha’is, Jains, Sikhs,
Shintoists, Taoists, followers of Tenrikyo,
Wiccans, Zoroastrians and many other
faiths.
Percentages may not add to 100 due to
rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center, “The Global
Religious Landscape,” December 2012.
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the case of European countries, by researchers at the International Institute for Applied Systems
Analysis (IIASA) in Laxenburg, Austria.
In order to have data that were comparable across many countries, the study focused on five
widely recognized world religions – Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism – that
collectively account for roughly three-quarters of the world’s population. The remainder of the
global population was consolidated into three additional groups: the religiously unaffiliated (those
who say they are atheists, agnostics or nothing in particular); adherents of folk or traditional
religions (including members of African traditional religions, Chinese folk religions, Native
American religions and Australian aboriginal religions); and adherents of other religions (such as
the Baha’i faith, Jainism, Shintoism, Sikhism, Taoism, Tenrikyo, Wicca and Zoroastrianism).
Some efforts to measure religious diversity have attempted to take into account subgroups of the
major religious traditions.3 The main challenge in looking at religious diversity in this way is the
serious data limitations for subgroups within religions other than Christianity. For most countries,
Pew Research was able to generate estimates for four main types of Christians – Catholics,
Protestants, Orthodox and the remainder as an “other” category.4 For some countries with large
Muslim populations, Pew Research has estimated the size of two main subgroups – Sunnis and
Shias – but these are only approximations, expressed in ranges.5 Beyond Christians and Muslims,
cross-national demographic data on religious subgroups are generally not available. For this
reason, the study is limited to the eight major categories described above.
As noted in previous Pew Research reports, some of the faiths that have been consolidated into the
“folk religion” and “other religion” categories have millions of adherents around the world.
However, in the overwhelming majority of countries, these religions are not specifically measured
in censuses, large-scale surveys or population registers.
The Religious Diversity Index is a version of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, which is commonly
used in environmental and business studies to measure the degree of ecological diversity or
market concentration. The main difference is that Religious Diversity Index scores are inverted so
that higher scores indicate higher diversity. (For more details on the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index
and the methods used to calculate the Religious Diversity Index scores, see the Methodology.)
3 See Grim, Brian J., Vegard Skirbekk, and Jesus Crespo Cuaresma. 2013. “Deregulation and Demographic Change: A Key to Understanding
Whether Religious Plurality Leads to Strife.” Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion volume 9, article 8. 4 See the Pew Research Center’s December 2011 report “Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian
Population.” 5 For more information, see Methodology for Sunni-Shia Estimates in the Pew Research Center’s October 2009 report “Mapping the Global
Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Muslim Population.”
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The 10-point Religious Diversity Index is divided into four ranges: Countries with scores of 7.0 and
higher (the top 5%) are categorized as having a “very high” degree of religious diversity. Countries
with scores from 5.3 to 6.9 (the next highest 15% of scores) are categorized as having a “high” level
of diversity.6 Countries with scores from 3.1 to 5.2 (the following 20% of scores) are categorized as
having “moderate” diversity, while the rest are categorized as having “low” diversity.
6 In this report, 16% of countries ended up in the “high” category because of tie scores.
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Looking at the percentage of each country’s population that belongs to the eight major religious
categories included in the study, 12 countries have a very high degree of religious diversity. Six of
the 12 are in the Asia-Pacific region (Singapore, Taiwan, Vietnam, South Korea, China and Hong
Kong); five are in sub-Saharan Africa (Guinea-Bissau, Togo, Ivory Coast, Benin and Mozambique);
and one is in Latin America and the Caribbean (Suriname). No countries in Europe, North
America or the Middle East-North Africa region have a very high degree of religious diversity as
measured in this study.
Of the 232 countries in the study, Singapore – an island nation of more than 5 million people
situated at the southern tip of Malaysia – has the highest score on the Religious Diversity Index.
About a third of Singapore’s population is Buddhist (34%), while 18% are Christian, 16% are
religiously unaffiliated, 14% are Muslim, 5% are Hindu and <1% are Jewish. The remainder of the
population belongs to folk or traditional religions (2%) or to other religions considered as a group
(10%).
Examples of Countries With Different Levels of Religious Diversity
% of each country’s population that belongs to each of eight major religious groups
Religious groups are ordered from largest to smallest by overall global share. Folk or traditional religionists include followers of African
traditional religions, Chinese folk religions, Native American religions and Australian aboriginal religions. The “Other religions” category
includes Baha’is, Jains, Sikhs, Shintoists, Taoists, followers of Tenrikyo, Wiccans, Zoroastrians and adherents of many other faiths. Figures
may not add to 100% due to rounding. Data are for 2010. For details on how the Religious Diversity Index (RDI) scores are calculated, see the
Methodology.
“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014
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According to the new index, the United States has a moderate level of religious diversity, ranking
68th among the 232 countries and territories included in the study. Counting both adults and
children, Christians constitute a sizable majority of the 2010 U.S. population (78%). Of the seven
other major religious groups, only the religiously unaffiliated claim a substantial share of the U.S.
population (16%).7 All other religious groups combined account for about 5% of Americans. (The
U.S. would register as considerably more diverse if subgroups within Christianity were counted.8)
By contrast, France has a high degree of religious diversity, ranking 25th among the 232 countries.
Christians make up 63% of France’s 2010 population, and two other groups account for sizable
shares: the religiously unaffiliated (28%) and Muslims (8%). Iran, whose population is almost
entirely Muslim, falls into the low diversity category.
To see how all 232 countries scored on the Religious Diversity Index, see Appendix 1.
7 As noted in the text, the figures in this report are for 2010. The Pew Research Center’s latest religious affiliation estimates for the U.S. show
that just under 20% of the adult population is religiously unaffiliated, part of a trend toward disaffiliation that has accelerated over the past
five years. For more information, see the Pew Research Center’s July 2013 report “Growth of the Nonreligious” and October 2012 report
“‘Nones’ on the Rise.” Note, however, that Pew Research surveys include only adults ages 18 and older, while Pew Research demographic
estimates take into account people of all ages. For more details, see “Age Structure Procedures” in the Methodology of the December 2012
report “The Global Religious Landscape.” 8 For more information on the religious breakdown of U.S. adults, see the Pew Research Center’s 2008 report “U.S. Religious Landscape
Survey.”
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Levels of Religious Diversity
Countries are shaded according to level of religious diversity
Based on Religious Diversity Index scores. For more information about how the index is calculated, see the Methodology. Data are for 2010.
“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014
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Religious Diversity by Region
Religious diversity differs substantially by geographic region. Among the six regions analyzed in
this study, the Asia-Pacific region has the highest level of religious diversity, followed by sub-
Saharan Africa. Europe and North America have a moderate level of religious diversity, while the
Latin America-Caribbean and Middle East-North Africa regions have a low degree of religious
diversity.
To see Religious Diversity Index scores for countries and regions, see Appendix 2. That appendix
also includes the percentage of each country’s population that belongs to each of the eight major
religious groups in the study. For more information on the size, share and geographic distribution
of each of the major religious groups, see Pew Research’s 2012 report “The Global Religious
Landscape.”
Religious Diversity Around the World
% of each region’s population that belongs to each of eight major religious groups
Religious groups are ordered from largest to smallest by overall global share. Folk religionists include followers of African traditional religions,
Chinese folk religions, Native American religions and Australian aboriginal religions. The “Other religions” category includes Baha’is, Jains,
Sikhs, Shintoists, Taoists, followers of Tenrikyo, Wiccans, Zoroastrians and adherents of many other faiths. Figures may not add to 100% due
to rounding. Data are for 2010. For details on how the Religious Diversity Index (RDI) scores are calculated, see the Methodology.
“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014
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Methodology
This study calculates Religious Diversity Index (RDI) scores for countries, regions and the world
based on the shares of eight major world religions (Buddhism, Christianity, folk or traditional
religions, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, other religions considered as a group, and the religiously
unaffiliated). The methodology used by Pew Research to calculate the levels of religious diversity
was developed by former senior researcher Brian J. Grim in consultation with other members of
the Pew Research Center staff, building on a methodology that Grim developed with Todd M.
Johnson, director of the Center for the Study of Global Christianity.9
The RDI is a version of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, which is used in various fields to
measure the degree of concentration of human or biological populations as well as organizations.
The main difference is that RDI scores are inverted so that higher scores indicate higher
diversity.10
The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index is a widely accepted measure of concentration used by
biologists, ecologists, linguists, economists, sociologists and demographers. For instance, the U.S.
Department of Justice and the Federal Reserve Board use the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to
evaluate the competitive effects of mergers.11 A variant of the index was introduced as a measure to
describe the diversity of ecological populations and was used in a variety of related studies,
including measuring the diversity of languages spoken in a region.12 Starting in the 1960s, the
index was used to measure population groups, including occupations and religions.13 Sociologists
and other population researchers consider the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index a reliable measure to
describe religious diversity.14
9 See Johnson, Todd M. and Brian J. Grim. 2013. Chapter 3: Religious Diversity. The World’s Religions in Figures: An Introduction to
International Religious Demography. Wiley-Blackwell, pages 93-108. 10 The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), sometimes called the Simpsons Ecological Diversity Index, is named for economists Orris C.
Herfindahl and Albert O. Hirschman, who were the first to use it to measure industry concentration (that is, the extent to which a small number
of companies account for the majority of a given market). See Charles R. Laine. June 22, 1995. “The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index: A
Concentration Measure Taking the Consumer’s Point of View.” Antitrust Bulletin. 11 Calkins, Stephen. 1983. The New Merger Guidelines and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. California Law Review, volume 71, pages 402-
429. Also see Rhoades, Stephen A. 1993. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. Federal Reserve Bulletin, volume 79, pages 188-189. 12 For more information on the use of the index to measure ecological diversity, see Simpson, E.H. 1949. Measurement of Diversity. Nature.
Vol. 163: 688. For more information on the use of the index in measuring linguistic diversity, see Greenberg, Joseph H. 1956. The
Measurement of Linguistic Diversity. Language volume 32, pages 109-115. 13 Gibbs, J.P. and W.T. Martin. 1962. Urbanization, Technology and the Division of Labor. American Sociological Review volume 27, pages
667-677. Also see Lieberson, Stanley. 1969. Measuring Population Diversity. American Sociological Review, volume 34, pages 850-862. 14 See Barro, Robert J. and Rachel M. McCleary. 2003. Religion and Economic Growth Across Countries. American Sociological Review, volume
68, pages 760-781; Iannaccone, Laurence R. 1991. The Consequences of Religious Market Structure. Rationality and Society, volume 3,
pages 156-177; Johnson, Todd M. and Brian J. Grim. 2013. The World’s Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious
Demography. Wiley-Blackwell; and Phillips, Rick. 1998. Religious Market Share and Mormon Church Activity. Sociology of Religion, volume 59,
pages 117-130.
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Although the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index is
one of the most commonly used measures of
diversity, there are other measures in use,
including the raw number of different religions
of a certain share or size in a country.15
The Religious Diversity Index (RDI) is
calculated using a three-step procedure. First,
the shares of the eight major religious groups
analyzed in this study are squared and
summed. For example, in a case where the
entire population belongs to one religious
group, the first step results in a score of 10,000
(1002 = 10,000). By contrast, in a case where
the population is equally distributed among the
eight religious groups (12.5% each), the first step would result in a score of 1,250 (12.52 + 12.52 +
12.52 + 12.52 + 12.52 + 12.52 + 12.52 + 12.52 = 1,250). This first-
step score of 1,250 represents maximum possible diversity when
eight groups are considered. (See tables to the right and below
for an example of calculating the RDI.)
Second, the first-step score is inverted so that lower scores
reflect lower religious diversity and higher scores reflect higher
religious diversity. To invert the scores, the first-step score is
subtracted from the score representing no religious diversity
(10,000). In the case where the entire population belongs to one
religious group, the score would now become 0 (10,000–
10,000=0). In the case where the population is equally
distributed among the eight religious groups, the score would
now become 8,750 (10,000–1,250=8,750). This inverted second-step score of 8,750 now
represents maximum possible diversity when eight groups are considered.
15 A variety of approaches have been used to gauge the level of diversity in a society. They generally focus on one of five main indicators:
fractionalization (the degree to which a society is split into distinct groups often measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index); minority group
size (in share and/or absolute number); polarization (maximum level is when there are only two groups of equal size); dominance (ranking
based on the size of the largest group); and cleavages or splits (based on the size of the largest and second largest groups). See Johnson,
Todd M. and Brian J. Grim. 2013., Chapter 3: Religious Diversity. The World’s Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious
Demography. Wiley-Blackwell, pages 93-108.
Step 1: Calculating the Religious
Diversity Index
Calculating the RDI for the United States
Religion % of country population % squared
Christian 78.3% 6,132.3
Muslim 0.9 0.8
Unaffiliated 16.4 269.8
Hindu 0.6 0.3
Buddhist 1.2 1.3
Folk religions 0.2 0.0
Other religions 0.6 0.4
Jewish 1.8 3.4
Total 100 6,408.3
Figures are calculated based on unrounded numbers and are
displayed rounded to the nearest tenth.
“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014
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Step 2: Calculating the
Religious Diversity Index
Calculating the RDI for the United
States
10,000
-6,408.3
3,591.7
Figures are calculated based on unrounded
numbers and are displayed rounded to the
nearest tenth.
“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014
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Third, the second-step score is divided by 875 to put the final
Religious Diversity Index on a 0-10 scale. In the case where the
entire population belongs to one religious group, the score would
remain 0 (0/875=0). But in the case where the population is
equally distributed among the eight major religious groups, the
score would now become 10 (8,750/875=10).
Step 3: Calculating the
Religious Diversity Index
Calculating the RDI for the United
States
3,591.7
÷875
4.1
Figures are calculated based on unrounded
numbers and are displayed rounded to the
nearest tenth.
“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014
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The Religious Diversity Index
is divided into four ranges:
very high (the top 5% of
scores), high (the next highest
15% of scores, which works out
to 16% because of tie scores),
moderate (the next 20% of
scores) and low (the bottom
59% of scores). Readers
should note that since the RDI
measures the level of religious
diversity based on the shares
of eight religious groups, there
is no precise breakpoint for
the levels based on the size of
the largest group.
Nevertheless, some
generalizations are possible. In
countries with very high
diversity, the largest religious
group usually makes up no
more than 50% of the
population and at least two
other religious groups each
account for 10% or more of the
population. In countries with
high religious diversity, the
largest religious group
generally accounts for less
than 70% of the population
and two or more groups
account for most of the remainder. In countries with moderate religious diversity, the largest
religion usually accounts for 70-85% of the population, while the remainder of the population
tends to belong to one other religion. And in countries with low religious diversity, the largest
group typically accounts for more than 85% of the population.
Religious Diversity Index Score Levels
Number of countries with Religious Diversity Index scores at each level
Based on Religious Diversity Index scores. For more information about how the index is
calculated, see the Methodology.
“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014
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This new Pew Research study uses its estimates from the December 2012 report “The Global
Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Major Religious Groups
as of 2010” to analyze religious diversity in 232 countries and territories for the year 2010. The
study includes estimates for Christians, Muslims, the religiously unaffiliated, Hindus, Buddhists,
folk religionists, adherents of other religions and Jews. Taken together, these eight major religious
groups comprise the world’s total population.
As part of the Global Religious Landscape report, Pew Research staff acquired and analyzed
religious composition information from about 2,500 data sources, including censuses,
demographic surveys, general population surveys and other studies – the largest project of its kind
to date.16 Censuses were the primary source for Pew Research’s religious composition estimates in
90 countries, which together cover 45% of all people in the world. Large-scale demographic
surveys were the primary sources for an additional 43 countries, representing 12% of the global
population. General population surveys were the primary source of data for an additional 42
countries, representing 37% of the global population.
Together, censuses or surveys provided estimates for 175 countries representing 95% of the world’s
population. In the remaining 57 countries, representing 5% of the world’s population, the primary
sources for the religious-composition estimates include population registers and institutional
membership statistics reported in the World Religion Database and other sources.
The measure of religious identity in this study is sociological rather than theological. In order to
have statistics that are comparable across countries, the study attempts to count individuals who
self-identify with each religion. This includes people who hold beliefs that may be viewed as
unorthodox or heretical by others who claim the same religion. It also includes people who do not
regularly practice the behaviors prescribed by their religion, such as those who seldom pray or
attend worship services.
For more information, see the Methodology of the Global Religious Landscape report. A list of the
primary sources used to estimate the overall religious composition of each country is provided in
Appendix B (PDF) of that report.
16 Population figures used in this report and the 2012 Global Religious Landscape report may differ slightly from figures available on the
Global Religious Futures project’s website. The website is periodically updated to reflect more recent or higher-quality data as they become
available.
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Geographic distribution and/or segregation are important aspect of diversity. For instance, a
recent analysis of census data indicates that even though racial diversity is increasing in the United
States, it is rare to see highly diverse neighborhoods because segregation is still a common
phenomenon.17 However, religious diversity at the subnational or neighborhood level is not
estimated in this study primarily because of a lack of data at this level for almost every country in
the world.
This report groups 232 countries and territories into six major regions: Asia and the Pacific,
Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, North America and
sub-Saharan Africa. Some previous Pew Research reports including “Global Christianity: A Report
on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population” and “The Future of the Global
Muslim Population” grouped the world into five regions, with an Americas region that included
both North America and Latin America and the Caribbean.
The 60 countries and territories in the Asia and the Pacific region are: Afghanistan, American
Samoa, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma (Myanmar),
Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Cyprus, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia,
Guam, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Macau,
Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Zealand,
Niue, North Korea, Northern Mariana Islands, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the
Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tajikistan,
Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Vietnam and Wallis and Futuna.
The 50 countries and territories in Europe are: Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium,
Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Faeroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Isle of Man, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova,
Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Macedonia, Romania,
Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United
Kingdom and Vatican City.
17 See Holloway, Steven R., Richard Wright and Mark Ellis. 2012. The Racially Fragmented City? Neighborhood Racial Segregation and
Diversity Jointly Considered. The Professional Geographer, volume 64, issue 1, pages 63-82.
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The 46 countries and territories in Latin America and the Caribbean are: Anguilla, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, British Virgin Islands,
Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El
Salvador, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana,
Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the
Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands,
Uruguay and Venezuela.
The 20 countries and territories of the Middle East and North Africa are: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt,
Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, the Palestinian territories, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Western Sahara and Yemen.
The five countries and territories of North America are: Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, St. Pierre
and Miquelon and the United States.
The 51 countries and territories of sub-Saharan Africa are: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina
Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo,
Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South
Africa, South Sudan, St. Helena, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Trinidad and Tobago 5.8 Kuwait 4.8
Fiji 5.8 Brunei 4.8
Singapore 9.0 Qatar 5.7 Belarus 4.7
Taiwan 8.2 Belgium 5.7 Ghana 4.7
Vietnam 7.7 Uruguay 5.7 Cyprus 4.6
Suriname 7.6 Tanzania 5.7 Bermuda 4.6
Guinea-Bissau 7.5 Guyana 5.7 Gabon 4.5
Togo 7.5 Latvia 5.7 Israel 4.5
Ivory Coast 7.4 Republic of Macedonia 5.6 Bhutan 4.5
South Korea 7.4 Australia 5.6 United Arab Emirates 4.4
China 7.3 Sri Lanka 5.6 Jamaica 4.3
Hong Kong 7.2 Ethiopia 5.6 Nauru 4.1
Benin 7.2 Estonia 5.5 Czech Republic 4.1
Mozambique 7.0 Lebanon 5.5 United States 4.1
Bahrain 5.4 Montenegro 4.0
Sweden 5.4 Slovenia 4.0
Eritrea 5.4 Burma (Myanmar) 4.0
Laos 5.4 Sierra Leone 4.0
Macau 6.8 Cameroon 5.3 India 4.0
Mauritius 6.7 Canada 5.3 Spain 3.9
Cuba 6.5 Germany 5.3 Nepal 3.8
Mongolia 6.5 North Korea 5.3 Austria 3.8
Netherlands 6.4 Northern Mariana Islands 3.7
Malaysia 6.3 Albania 3.7
Burkina Faso 6.2 Switzerland 3.7
Japan 6.2 South Africa 3.6
New Zealand 6.2 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 5.1 Hungary 3.5
Chad 6.0 United Kingdom 5.1 Sao Tome and Principe 3.5
South Sudan 6.0 Kazakhstan 5.0 Bulgaria 3.5
Bosnia-Herzegovina 6.0 Botswana 5.0 Finland 3.5
France 5.9 Luxembourg 4.9 Malawi 3.4
Nigeria 5.9 Russia 4.9 Cayman Islands 3.3
ModerateSCORES FROM 3.1 TO 5.2
SCORES FROM 5.3 TO 6.9
Appendix 1: Religious Diversity Index
The following table shows all 232 countries and territories in descending order of their scores on the Pew Research Center's
index of religious diversity. This study calculates Religious Diversity Index (RDI) scores for countries, regions and the
world based on the shares of eight major world religions (Buddhists, Christians, folk religions, Hindus, Jews, Muslims,
other religions considered as a group, and the religiously unaffiliated). The index is on a scale from 0-10, with 10 being
maximum possible diversity if each of the eight groups constitutes an equal share the population. The RDI is divided into
four ranges: very high (the top 5% of scores), high (the next highest 15% of scores, which works out to 16% because of tie
scores), moderate (the next 20% of scores) and low (the bottom 59% of scores). Data are for 2010.
Very HighSCORES 7.0 AND HIGHER
High
15 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
Italy 3.3 Anguilla 2.0 Niue 0.8
Denmark 3.3 Sudan 2.0 Pakistan 0.8
French Guiana 3.2 Costa Rica 1.9 Martinique 0.8
British Virgin Islands 3.2 St. Lucia 1.9 St. Helena 0.8
Ukraine 3.1 Burundi 1.8 Grenada 0.8
Guinea 3.1 San Marino 1.8 Libya 0.7
Kenya 3.1 Liechtenstein 1.7 Tuvalu 0.7
Norway 3.1 Aruba 1.7 Tajikistan 0.7
Isle of Man 3.1 Ireland 1.7 Puerto Rico 0.7
Turks and Caicos Islands 1.7 Uzbekistan 0.7
Mali 1.6 Samoa 0.7
Serbia 1.6 Lesotho 0.7
Colombia 1.6 Djibouti 0.7
Madagascar 3.0 Philippines 1.6 Cambodia 0.7
New Caledonia 3.0 Syria 1.6 Azerbaijan 0.7
Argentina 3.0 Saudi Arabia 1.5 Paraguay 0.7
Oman 2.9 Antigua and Barbuda 1.5 Kiribati 0.7
Channel Islands 2.9 Panama 1.5 Malta 0.7
Republic of the Congo 2.9 Turkmenistan 1.5 Jordan 0.6
Slovakia 2.9 Thailand 1.5 Solomon Islands 0.6
Nicaragua 2.8 Vanuatu 1.5 Moldova 0.6
Liberia 2.8 Rwanda 1.4 Wallis and Futuna 0.6
Monaco 2.8 Croatia 1.4 Marshall Islands 0.6
Palau 2.7 Montserrat 1.4 Namibia 0.6
Zimbabwe 2.7 Portugal 1.4 Palestinian territories 0.5
Uganda 2.7 Netherlands Antilles 1.3 Zambia 0.5
Haiti 2.7 Bolivia 1.3 Algeria 0.5
Indonesia 2.6 Seychelles 1.3 Turkey 0.4
Kosovo 2.6 French Polynesia 1.3 Faeroe Islands 0.4
Reunion 2.6 Guam 1.3 Comoros 0.4
Belize 2.6 Ecuador 1.3 American Samoa 0.4
Honduras 2.5 Dominica 1.2 Maldives 0.4
Greece 2.5 Poland 1.2 Niger 0.4
Swaziland 2.4 St. Kitts and Nevis 1.2 Armenia 0.3
Dominican Republic 2.4 St. Pierre and Miquelon 1.2 Mayotte 0.3
Kyrgyzstan 2.4 U.S. Virgin Islands 1.1 Tonga 0.3
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2.4 Egypt 1.1 Iraq 0.2
El Salvador 2.4 Iceland 1.1 Yemen 0.2
Equatorial Guinea 2.4 Guatemala 1.1 Mauritania 0.2
Gibraltar 2.4 Gambia 1.1 Papua New Guinea 0.2
Georgia 2.3 Barbados 1.1 Western Sahara 0.1
Brazil 2.3 Mexico 1.1 Iran 0.1
Cape Verde 2.3 Federated States of Micronesia 1.0 Romania 0.1
Chile 2.2 Peru 1.0 Tunisia 0.1
Central African Republic 2.2 Dem. Rep. of the Congo 0.9 Timor-Leste 0.1
Andorra 2.2 Guadeloupe 0.9 Afghanistan 0.1
Venezuela 2.2 Cook Islands 0.9 Somalia 0.1
Bangladesh 2.1 Bahamas 0.9 Tokelau 0.0
Lithuania 2.1 Greenland 0.9 Morocco 0.0
Angola 2.0 Senegal 0.8 Vatican City 0.0
Religious Diversity Index (cont.)
LowSCORES FROM 0 to 3.0
16 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
Appendix 2: Religious Diversity Index Scores and Religious Adherents by Region and Country
COUNTRY RDIPERCENT
CHRISTIANPERCENT MUSLIM
PERCENT UNAFFIL.
PERCENT HINDU
PERCENT BUDDHIST
PERCENT FOLK
RELIGION
PERCENT OTHER
RELIGIONPERCENT
JEWISH
2010 COUNTRY
POPULATION
Afghanistan 0.1 0.1 % 99.7 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % 31,410,000
Albania 3.7 18.0 80.3 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 3,200,000
Algeria 0.5 0.2 97.9 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 35,470,000
American Samoa 0.4 98.3 < 0.1 0.7 < 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 < 0.1 70,000
Andorra 2.2 89.5 0.8 8.8 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 0.3 80,000
Angola 2.0 90.5 0.2 5.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 19,080,000
Anguilla 2.0 90.6 0.3 4.0 0.4 < 0.1 2.9 1.6 0.1 20,000
Antigua and Barbuda 1.5 93.0 0.6 1.7 0.2 < 0.1 3.6 1.0 < 0.1 90,000
Argentina 3.0 85.2 1.0 12.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.5 40,410,000
Armenia 0.3 98.5 < 0.1 1.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 3,090,000
Aruba 1.7 91.9 0.2 6.0 < 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.1 0.4 110,000
Australia 5.6 67.3 2.4 24.2 1.4 2.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 22,270,000
Austria 3.8 80.4 5.4 13.5 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.1 0.2 8,390,000
Azerbaijan 0.7 3.0 96.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 9,190,000
Bahamas 0.9 96.0 0.1 3.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.3 < 0.1 340,000
Bahrain 5.4 14.5 70.3 1.9 9.8 2.5 < 0.1 0.2 0.6 1,260,000
Bangladesh 2.1 0.2 89.8 < 0.1 9.1 0.5 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 148,690,000
Barbados 1.1 95.2 1.0 1.9 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 < 0.1 270,000
Belarus 4.7 71.2 0.2 28.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 9,600,000
Belgium 5.7 64.2 5.9 29.0 < 0.1 0.2 0.2 < 0.1 0.3 10,710,000
Belize 2.6 87.6 0.1 8.9 0.2 0.5 1.5 0.1 1.0 310,000
Benin 7.2 53.0 23.8 5.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 18.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 8,850,000
Bermuda 4.6 75.0 1.1 19.4 < 0.1 0.5 3.0 0.8 0.3 60,000
Bhutan 4.5 0.5 0.2 < 0.1 22.6 74.7 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 730,000
Bolivia 1.3 93.9 < 0.1 4.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 1.0 < 0.1 9,930,000
Bosnia-Herzegovina 6.0 52.3 45.2 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 3,760,000
Botswana 5.0 72.1 0.4 20.6 0.3 < 0.1 6.0 0.6 < 0.1 2,010,000
Brazil 2.3 88.9 < 0.1 7.9 < 0.1 0.1 2.8 0.2 < 0.1 194,950,000
British Virgin Islands 3.2 84.5 1.2 3.9 1.2 < 0.1 8.4 0.8 < 0.1 20,000
Brunei 4.8 9.4 75.1 0.4 0.3 8.6 6.2 0.1 < 0.1 400,000
Bulgaria 3.5 82.1 13.7 4.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 7,490,000
Burkina Faso 6.2 22.5 61.6 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 15.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 16,470,000
Burma (Myanmar) 4.0 7.8 4.0 0.5 1.7 80.1 5.8 0.2 < 0.1 47,960,000
Burundi 1.8 91.5 2.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 8,380,000
Cambodia 0.7 0.4 2.0 0.2 < 0.1 96.9 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 14,140,000
Cameroon 5.3 70.3 18.3 5.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 3.3 2.7 < 0.1 19,600,000
Canada 5.3 69.0 2.1 23.7 1.4 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.0 34,020,000
Cape Verde 2.3 89.1 0.1 9.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.5 0.2 < 0.1 500,000
Cayman Islands 3.3 83.5 0.4 9.4 0.9 < 0.1 4.5 0.6 0.8 60,000
17 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
COUNTRY RDIPERCENT
CHRISTIANPERCENT MUSLIM
PERCENT UNAFFIL.
PERCENT HINDU
PERCENT BUDDHIST
PERCENT FOLK
RELIGION
PERCENT OTHER
RELIGIONPERCENT
JEWISH
2010 COUNTRY
POPULATION
Central African Republic 2.2 89.5 8.5 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,400,000
Chad 6.0 40.6 55.3 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 0.1 < 0.1 11,230,000
Channel Islands 2.9 85.2 < 0.1 14.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 150,000
Chile 2.2 89.4 < 0.1 8.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.5 0.2 0.1 17,110,000
China 7.3 5.1 1.8 52.2 < 0.1 18.2 21.9 0.7 < 0.1 1,341,340,000
Colombia 1.6 92.5 < 0.1 6.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 46,290,000
Comoros 0.4 0.5 98.3 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 730,000
Cook Islands 0.9 96.0 < 0.1 3.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 20,000
Costa Rica 1.9 90.9 < 0.1 7.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.3 < 0.1 4,660,000
Croatia 1.4 93.4 1.4 5.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,400,000
Cuba 6.5 59.2 < 0.1 23.0 0.2 < 0.1 17.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 11,260,000
Cyprus 4.6 73.2 25.3 1.2 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1,100,000
Czech Republic 4.1 23.3 < 0.1 76.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 10,490,000
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 0.9 95.8 1.5 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.7 0.1 < 0.1 65,970,000
Denmark 3.3 83.5 4.1 11.8 0.4 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,550,000
Djibouti 0.7 2.3 96.9 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 0.2 890,000
Dominica 1.2 94.4 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 0.1 3.0 1.7 < 0.1 70,000
Dominican Republic 2.4 88.0 < 0.1 10.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 0.1 < 0.1 9,930,000
Ecuador 1.3 94.1 < 0.1 5.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 14,460,000
Egypt 1.1 5.1 94.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 81,120,000
El Salvador 2.4 88.2 < 0.1 11.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 0.3 < 0.1 6,190,000
Equatorial Guinea 2.4 88.7 4.0 5.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 0.5 < 0.1 700,000
Eritrea 5.4 62.9 36.6 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,250,000
Estonia 5.5 39.9 0.2 59.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 1,340,000
Ethiopia 5.6 62.8 34.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 82,950,000
Faeroe Islands 0.4 98.0 < 0.1 1.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 50,000
Falkland Is. (Malvinas) 5.1 67.2 0.3 31.5 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 < 10,000
Fed. States of Micronesia 1.0 95.3 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 0.4 2.7 0.7 < 0.1 110,000
Fiji 5.8 64.4 6.3 0.8 27.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 860,000
Finland 3.5 81.6 0.8 17.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,360,000
France 5.9 63.0 7.5 28.0 < 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 62,790,000
French Guiana 3.2 84.4 0.9 3.4 1.6 < 0.1 9.1 0.5 < 0.1 230,000
French Polynesia 1.3 94.0 < 0.1 4.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 0.4 < 0.1 270,000
Gabon 4.5 76.5 11.2 5.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 6.0 0.7 < 0.1 1,510,000
Gambia 1.1 4.5 95.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1,730,000
Georgia 2.3 88.5 10.7 0.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,350,000
Germany 5.3 68.7 5.8 24.7 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 0.1 0.3 82,300,000
Ghana 4.7 74.9 15.8 4.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.9 0.2 < 0.1 24,390,000
Gibraltar 2.4 88.8 4.0 2.9 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 2.1 30,000
Greece 2.5 88.1 5.3 6.1 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 11,360,000
18 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
COUNTRY RDIPERCENT
CHRISTIANPERCENT MUSLIM
PERCENT UNAFFIL.
PERCENT HINDU
PERCENT BUDDHIST
PERCENT FOLK
RELIGION
PERCENT OTHER
RELIGIONPERCENT
JEWISH
2010 COUNTRY
POPULATION
Greenland 0.9 96.1 < 0.1 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.6 < 0.1 60,000
Grenada 0.8 96.6 0.3 1.0 0.7 < 0.1 1.3 0.2 < 0.1 100,000
Guadeloupe 0.9 95.9 0.4 2.5 0.5 < 0.1 0.4 0.4 < 0.1 460,000
Guam 1.3 94.2 < 0.1 1.7 < 0.1 1.1 1.5 1.6 < 0.1 180,000
Guatemala 1.1 95.2 < 0.1 4.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 14,390,000
Guinea 3.1 10.9 84.4 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 9,980,000
Guinea-Bissau 7.5 19.7 45.1 4.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 30.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 1,520,000
Guyana 5.7 66.0 6.4 2.0 24.9 < 0.1 0.2 0.6 < 0.1 750,000
Haiti 2.7 86.9 < 0.1 10.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.2 0.3 < 0.1 9,990,000
Honduras 2.5 87.6 0.1 10.5 < 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.6 < 0.1 7,600,000
Hong Kong 7.2 14.3 1.8 56.1 0.4 13.2 12.8 1.5 < 0.1 7,050,000
Hungary 3.5 81.0 < 0.1 18.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 9,980,000
Iceland 1.1 95.0 0.2 3.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 < 0.1 320,000
India 4.0 2.5 14.4 < 0.1 79.5 0.8 0.5 2.3 < 0.1 1,224,610,000
Indonesia 2.6 9.9 87.2 < 0.1 1.7 0.7 0.3 0.1 < 0.1 239,870,000
Iran 0.1 0.2 99.5 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 73,970,000
Iraq 0.2 0.8 99.0 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 31,670,000
Ireland 1.7 92.0 1.1 6.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,470,000
Isle of Man 3.1 84.1 0.2 15.4 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 80,000
Israel 4.5 2.0 18.6 3.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 75.6 7,420,000
Italy 3.3 83.3 3.7 12.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 60,550,000
Ivory Coast 7.4 44.1 37.5 8.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 10.2 0.2 < 0.1 19,740,000
Jamaica 4.3 77.2 < 0.1 17.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.5 1.0 < 0.1 2,740,000
Japan 6.2 1.6 0.2 57.0 < 0.1 36.2 0.4 4.7 < 0.1 126,540,000
Jordan 0.6 2.2 97.2 < 0.1 0.1 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 6,190,000
Kazakhstan 5.0 24.8 70.4 4.2 < 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 < 0.1 16,030,000
Kenya 3.1 84.8 9.7 2.5 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 1.2 < 0.1 40,510,000
Kiribati 0.7 97.0 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.2 < 0.1 100,000
Kosovo 2.6 11.4 87.0 1.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,080,000
Kuwait 4.8 14.3 74.1 < 0.1 8.5 2.8 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 2,740,000
Kyrgyzstan 2.4 11.4 88.0 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,330,000
Laos 5.4 1.5 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 66.0 30.7 0.7 < 0.1 6,200,000
Latvia 5.7 55.8 0.1 43.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 2,250,000
Lebanon 5.5 38.3 61.3 0.3 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,230,000
Lesotho 0.7 96.8 < 0.1 3.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,170,000
Liberia 2.8 85.9 12.0 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 0.1 < 0.1 3,990,000
Libya 0.7 2.7 96.6 0.2 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 6,360,000
Liechtenstein 1.7 91.9 5.0 2.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 40,000
Lithuania 2.1 89.8 < 0.1 10.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 3,320,000
Luxembourg 4.9 70.4 2.3 26.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.1 510,000
19 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
COUNTRY RDIPERCENT
CHRISTIANPERCENT MUSLIM
PERCENT UNAFFIL.
PERCENT HINDU
PERCENT BUDDHIST
PERCENT FOLK
RELIGION
PERCENT OTHER
RELIGIONPERCENT
JEWISH
2010 COUNTRY
POPULATION
Macau 6.8 7.2 0.2 15.4 < 0.1 17.3 58.9 1.0 < 0.1 540,000
Madagascar 3.0 85.3 3.0 6.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 20,710,000
Malawi 3.4 82.7 13.0 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 14,900,000
Malaysia 6.3 9.4 63.7 0.7 6.0 17.7 2.3 0.2 < 0.1 28,400,000
Maldives 0.4 0.4 98.4 < 0.1 0.3 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 320,000
Mali 1.6 3.2 92.4 2.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 15,370,000
Malta 0.7 97.0 0.2 2.5 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 420,000
Marshall Islands 0.6 97.5 < 0.1 1.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.8 < 0.1 50,000
Martinique 0.8 96.5 0.2 2.3 0.2 < 0.1 0.2 0.6 < 0.1 410,000
Mauritania 0.2 0.3 99.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 3,460,000
Mauritius 6.7 25.3 16.7 0.6 56.4 < 0.1 0.7 0.3 < 0.1 1,300,000
Mayotte 0.3 0.7 98.6 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 200,000
Mexico 1.1 95.1 < 0.1 4.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 113,420,000
Moldova 0.6 97.4 0.6 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 3,570,000
Monaco 2.8 86.0 0.4 11.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 1.7 40,000
Mongolia 6.5 2.3 3.2 35.9 < 0.1 55.1 3.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,760,000
Montenegro 4.0 78.1 18.7 3.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 630,000
Montserrat 1.4 93.5 < 0.1 4.8 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 1.5 < 0.1 < 10,000
Morocco 0.0 < 0.1 99.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 31,950,000
Mozambique 7.0 56.7 18.0 17.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 7.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 23,390,000
Namibia 0.6 97.5 0.3 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,280,000
Nauru 4.1 79.0 < 0.1 4.5 < 0.1 1.1 8.1 7.4 < 0.1 10,000
Nepal 3.8 0.5 4.6 0.3 80.7 10.3 3.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 29,960,000
Netherlands 6.4 50.6 6.0 42.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 16,610,000
Netherlands Antilles 1.3 93.9 0.2 3.3 0.2 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.3 200,000
New Caledonia 3.0 85.2 2.8 10.4 < 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.8 < 0.1 250,000
New Zealand 6.2 57.0 1.2 36.6 2.1 1.6 0.5 0.7 0.2 4,370,000
Nicaragua 2.8 85.8 < 0.1 12.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 0.1 < 0.1 5,790,000
Niger 0.4 0.8 98.4 0.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 15,510,000
Nigeria 5.9 49.3 48.8 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 158,420,000
Niue 0.8 96.4 < 0.1 3.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 10,000
North Korea 5.3 2.0 < 0.1 71.3 < 0.1 1.5 12.3 12.9 < 0.1 24,350,000
Northern Mariana Is. 3.7 81.3 0.7 1.0 < 0.1 10.6 5.3 1.1 < 0.1 60,000
Norway 3.1 84.7 3.7 10.1 0.5 0.6 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 4,880,000
Oman 2.9 6.5 85.9 0.2 5.5 0.8 < 0.1 1.0 < 0.1 2,780,000
Pakistan 0.8 1.6 96.4 < 0.1 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 173,590,000
Palau 2.7 86.7 < 0.1 1.2 < 0.1 0.8 0.8 10.4 < 0.1 20,000
Palestinian territories 0.5 2.4 97.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,040,000
Panama 1.5 93.0 0.7 4.8 < 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 3,520,000
Papua New Guinea 0.2 99.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 0.2 < 0.1 6,860,000
20 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
COUNTRY RDIPERCENT
CHRISTIANPERCENT MUSLIM
PERCENT UNAFFIL.
PERCENT HINDU
PERCENT BUDDHIST
PERCENT FOLK
RELIGION
PERCENT OTHER
RELIGIONPERCENT
JEWISH
2010 COUNTRY
POPULATION
Paraguay 0.7 96.9 < 0.1 1.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 0.2 < 0.1 6,450,000
Peru 1.0 95.5 < 0.1 3.0 < 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.3 < 0.1 29,080,000
Philippines 1.6 92.6 5.5 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.5 0.1 < 0.1 93,260,000
Poland 1.2 94.3 < 0.1 5.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 38,280,000
Portugal 1.4 93.8 0.6 4.4 0.1 0.6 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 10,680,000
Puerto Rico 0.7 96.7 < 0.1 1.9 < 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.1 < 0.1 3,750,000
Qatar 5.7 13.8 67.7 0.9 13.8 3.1 < 0.1 0.7 < 0.1 1,760,000
Republic of Macedonia 5.6 59.3 39.3 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,060,000
Republic of the Congo 2.9 85.9 1.2 9.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.8 1.1 < 0.1 4,040,000
Reunion 2.6 87.6 4.2 2.0 4.5 0.2 0.4 1.1 < 0.1 850,000
Romania 0.1 99.5 0.3 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 21,490,000
Russia 4.9 73.3 10.0 16.2 < 0.1 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.2 142,960,000
Rwanda 1.4 93.4 1.8 3.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 0.2 < 0.1 10,620,000
Samoa 0.7 96.8 < 0.1 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 < 0.1 180,000
San Marino 1.8 91.6 < 0.1 7.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 0.3 30,000
Sao Tome and Principe 3.5 82.2 < 0.1 12.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.9 2.4 < 0.1 170,000
Saudi Arabia 1.5 4.4 93.0 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 < 0.1 27,450,000
Senegal 0.8 3.6 96.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 12,430,000
Serbia 1.6 92.5 4.2 3.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 7,770,000
Seychelles 1.3 94.0 1.1 2.1 2.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 < 0.1 90,000
Sierra Leone 4.0 20.9 78.0 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,870,000
Singapore 9.0 18.2 14.3 16.4 5.2 33.9 2.3 9.7 < 0.1 5,090,000
Slovakia 2.9 85.3 0.2 14.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,460,000
Slovenia 4.0 78.4 3.6 18.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,030,000
Solomon Islands 0.6 97.4 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.3 1.3 0.7 < 0.1 540,000
Somalia 0.1 < 0.1 99.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 9,330,000
South Africa 3.6 81.2 1.7 14.9 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 50,130,000
South Korea 7.4 29.4 0.2 46.4 < 0.1 22.9 0.8 0.2 < 0.1 48,180,000
South Sudan 6.0 60.5 6.2 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 32.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 9,950,000
Spain 3.9 78.6 2.1 19.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 46,080,000
Sri Lanka 5.6 7.3 9.8 < 0.1 13.6 69.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 20,860,000
St. Helena 0.8 96.5 < 0.1 3.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 10,000
St. Kitts and Nevis 1.2 94.6 0.3 1.6 1.5 < 0.1 1.3 0.8 < 0.1 50,000
St. Lucia 1.9 91.1 0.1 6.0 0.3 < 0.1 0.5 2.0 < 0.1 170,000
St. Pierre and Miquelon 1.2 94.7 0.2 3.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.3 < 0.1 < 10,000
St. Vincent and the Gren. 2.4 88.7 1.5 2.5 3.4 < 0.1 2.0 2.0 < 0.1 110,000
Sudan 2.0 5.4 90.7 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 33,600,000
Suriname 7.6 51.6 15.2 5.4 19.8 0.6 5.3 1.8 0.2 520,000
Swaziland 2.4 88.1 0.2 10.1 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 0.4 < 0.1 1,190,000
Sweden 5.4 67.2 4.6 27.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 9,380,000
21 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
COUNTRY RDIPERCENT
CHRISTIANPERCENT MUSLIM
PERCENT UNAFFIL.
PERCENT HINDU
PERCENT BUDDHIST
PERCENT FOLK
RELIGION
PERCENT OTHER
RELIGIONPERCENT
JEWISH
2010 COUNTRY
POPULATION
Switzerland 3.7 81.3 5.5 11.9 0.4 0.4 < 0.1 0.1 0.3 7,660,000
Syria 1.6 5.2 92.8 2.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 20,410,000
Taiwan 8.2 5.5 < 0.1 12.7 < 0.1 21.3 44.2 16.2 < 0.1 23,220,000
Tajikistan 0.7 1.6 96.7 1.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 6,880,000
Tanzania 5.7 61.4 35.2 1.4 0.1 < 0.1 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 44,840,000
Thailand 1.5 0.9 5.5 0.3 0.1 93.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 69,120,000
Timor-Leste 0.1 99.6 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1,120,000
Togo 7.5 43.7 14.0 6.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 35.6 0.6 < 0.1 6,030,000
Tokelau 0.0 99.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 10,000
Tonga 0.3 98.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 100,000
Trinidad and Tobago 5.8 65.9 5.9 1.9 22.7 0.3 1.9 1.4 < 0.1 1,340,000
Tunisia 0.1 0.2 99.5 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 10,480,000
Turkey 0.4 0.4 98.0 1.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 72,750,000
Turkmenistan 1.5 6.4 93.0 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,040,000
Turks and Caicos Islands 1.7 92.1 < 0.1 4.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.7 0.6 < 0.1 40,000
Tuvalu 0.7 96.7 0.1 1.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.9 < 0.1 < 10,000
Uganda 2.7 86.7 11.5 0.5 0.3 < 0.1 0.9 0.1 < 0.1 33,420,000
Ukraine 3.1 83.8 1.2 14.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 45,450,000
United Arab Emirates 4.4 12.6 76.9 1.1 6.6 2.0 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 7,510,000
United Kingdom 5.1 71.1 4.4 21.3 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.5 62,040,000
United States 4.1 78.3 0.9 16.4 0.6 1.2 0.2 0.6 1.8 310,380,000
Uruguay 5.7 57.9 < 0.1 40.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.3 3,370,000
U.S. Virgin Islands 1.1 94.8 0.1 3.7 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 0.3 110,000
Uzbekistan 0.7 2.3 96.7 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 27,440,000
Vanuatu 1.5 93.3 < 0.1 1.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.1 1.4 < 0.1 240,000
Vatican City 0.0 >99.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 10,000
Venezuela 2.2 89.3 0.3 10.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 28,980,000
Vietnam 7.7 8.2 0.2 29.6 < 0.1 16.4 45.3 0.4 < 0.1 87,850,000
Wallis and Futuna 0.6 97.4 < 0.1 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.2 0.8 < 0.1 10,000
Western Sahara 0.1 0.2 99.4 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 530,000
Yemen 0.2 0.2 99.1 0.1 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 24,050,000
Zambia 0.5 97.6 0.5 0.5 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.9 < 0.1 13,090,000
Zimbabwe 2.7 87.0 0.9 7.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 3.8 0.3 < 0.1 12,570,000
Asia-Pacific 9.2 7.1 24.3 21.2 25.3 11.9 9.0 1.3 < 0.1 4,054,990,000
Europe 4.6 75.2 5.9 18.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 742,550,000
Latin America-Caribbean 2.1 90.0 0.1 7.7 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 0.2 < 0.1 590,080,000
Middle East-North Africa 1.5 3.7 93.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 1.6 341,020,000
North America 4.2 77.4 1.0 17.1 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.6 1.8 344,530,000
Sub-Saharan Africa 5.8 62.9 30.2 3.2 0.2 < 0.1 3.3 0.2 < 0.1 822,720,000
World 9.0 31.5 23.2 16.3 15.0 7.1 5.9 0.8 0.2 6,895,890,000
22 PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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