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The History of the Microscope
Magnifying Glass, 13th C
• First used as a “burning glass”
• Began being used to improve vision in the early 13th century
Glass Lens, 1268
• Discovered by Roger Bacon in 1268
• Began use in eyeglasses between 1268 and 1289
Telescope, 16th C
• Invented by Hans Lippershay
• Improved by Galileo Galilei, who was the pioneer for modern astronomy
First Microscope, late 16th C
• Basically, this was a tube with a plate at one end and a lens at the other
• Magnified objects 10X
Improvements
• Zaccharias Jansseen, and his son Hans, added a second lens in 1597
Marcello Malphighi
• Studied human “physiology” (cells of the human body)
• Worked from 1653 until his death in 1694
Robert Hooke• First looked at cork under the
microscope; gave them the name “cells”
• Wrote the book Micrographia in 1665
• Considered the “English father of microscopy”
• Developed and used the compound microscope
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
• Dutch maker of microscopes
• Also called the “father of microscopy”
• Was able to invent a microscope that magnified 270X
• Made over 500 microscopes
Microscopes of Today
• Compound microscope: creation of microscope stages and clips, slides, and objective lenses; smooth focus and magnification; uses 2 lenses
Electron Microscope
• Uses electrons to light up an image
• Electron gun emits electrons in a vacuum
• Electrons strike substance and image is recorded on a computer monitor
• Two Types-
Two Types of Electron Microscopes
1. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)- looks at large samples
2. Scanning electron microscope (SEM)- looks at thinly cut samples
Scanning Probe Microscope
• Uses a probe to scan the surface of a sample and provides a 3-D image
• Probe has a sharp metal point (single atom thick at the tip)
• Probe moves up and down over the surface of the object and feeds data into a computer, which provides the image
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