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Northern Cheyenne. Who Are The Northern Cheyenne?. Algonquian Speaking Nation Also known as the Tsistsistas , which means Beautiful People and as the So’taae’o Split into Northern and Southern Cheyenne in 1850. . Creation Story. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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NORTHERN CHEYENNE
Who Are The Northern Cheyenne?
Algonquian Speaking Nation
Also known as the Tsistsistas, which means Beautiful People and as the So’taae’o
Split into Northern and Southern Cheyenne in 1850.
Creation Story Similar to Christianity’s Old Testament
and God’s creation of Adam and Eve. Haemmawihio created man from his right
rib and woman from his left. Heammawihio moved woman to the
north and man in the south. Twice a year the two battle for control of
the earth
Where Did They Live?
• Original homeland was in the woodlands near the Great Lakes
• Placed in Indian Territory 1877• Escaped Indian Territory on September 10,
1878• Tongue River Reservation 1884
Northern Cheyenne ExodusEscape to Montana
“ We dodged the soldiers during most of the way, but they were always near us and trying to catch us. Our young men fought them off in seven different battles. At each fight, some of our people were killed, women or children the same as men. I do not know how many of our grown-up people were killed. But I know that more than 60 of our children were gone when we got to the Dakota Country.”
~ Susan Iron Teeth
Little Wolf and
Dull Knife
Food• Women picked wild plant
foods
• Buffalo were hunted in two ways:• Shooting or lancing
from horseback• Impounding, jumping
or driving into deep snow
• Meat butchering was shared by men and women, but the drying and storage was women’s work.
Clothing
MEN WORE WOMEN WORELEGGINGS DRESSESSHIRTS PROTECTIVE ROPEBREECH CLOTHS MOCCASINSMOCCASINS BUFFALO ROBESBUFFALO ROBES
ShelterEARTHERN LODGES AND
BARK HUTSTEPEES
• 3 POLE STRUCTURE• COVERED IN BUFFALO SKINS
Transportation• Before horses
used dogs to pull travois.
• Horses became new way of transportation:
• Saddles• Bridles• Ropes• travois
Sacred Sites and Objects Bear Butte
Sturgis, SD Known as Noavose, meaning “The Hill Where the People Are Taught.” Sweet Medicine received the Four Sacred Arrows from Ma’heo’o here.
Deer Medicine Rocks Located on reservation Where Hunkpapa Lakota Chief Sitting Bull went prior to battle of Little Big Horn.
Lake DeSmet Central to spiritual ceremonies North of Buffalo, WY Cheyenne would go here for spiritual quests.
Sacred Hat Esevone, the Sacred Buffalo Hat Source of female renewing power. Brought the Sun Dance, blesses the male and female relationships ensuring
continual strength, harmony, and new life for the people and their world. Sacred Arrows
Four black painted arrows given to Sweet Medicine at Bear Butte.
Recreation Hoop Game
Dolls
Lacrosse
Musical Instruments
Family Patterns Marriage was postponed until a man had
a respectable war record Courtship lasted several years Girls were chaperoned by families A girl’s brother had authority over her
marriage. Marriage was often to a brother’s friend
or member of his military society.
Life Cycle Babies
Umbilical cord was dried and saved 6 months ears were pierced Were not named until 5 or 6 years old
Puberty For girls a horse was given away in honor of becoming a woman. Boys took active role in hunting and war parties Vision Quests
Adulthood Marked by achievement
Death Spirits traveled up to the Hanging Road or Milky Way to Seyan. In mourning women cut their hair and gashed themselves and
men loosened their hair.
Division of LaborMEN WOMEN Hunting Meat Butchering Warfare Made weapons Painted robes Ceremonial Life
Doctoring the sick
Meat Butchering Drying and storage
Gathering fuel and wild plant foods.
Preparation of clothing and robes
Preparation of Lodges
Pitching and dismantling tepees
Education Before Formal Schooling
Education Included: Language Ceremonies, customs, and traditions Tribal government Gender roles Morals Botany, biology, astronomy, geography Child rearing Hunting, weaponry Food preparation, nutrition, agriculture Bead work, sewing, making clothing, tanning hides Keeping a lodge Religion Healing and medicine
Education Boarding Schools
• St. Labre Indian School 1884
• Cheyenne children forcibly taken from their families and taken to Catholic boarding school.
• 1904, the Tongue River Boarding school opened.
• An Indian Bureau School
How Do They Control Their Society
Sovereign Government
Tribal Council Members from Ashland, Birney, Bubsy, Muddy,
and Lame Deer
Maintains reservation including: Waterways Watercourses and streams
Problems• Loss of Land• Loss of
Language• Poverty
Northern CheyennePresent Day Reservation
Located in Southeastern Montana Districts
General- Lame Deer Ashland Birney Busby Muddy (vacant)
444,000 acres with 99% tribal ownership 10,050 enrolled tribal members with
4,939 on the reservation
References(April 2002). Cheyenne Indian. Retrieved fromhttp://www.cheyenneindian.com/cheyenne_history_001.htm
Biles, J. (2012). Exhibits feature Indian art, Curtis Photos. Retrieved fromhttp://cjonline.com/blog-post/jan-biles/2012-04-20/exhibits-feature-indian-art-curtis-photos
Marjane, A., Little Bear, R.E., Wilson, D., Tall Bull, L., Hantz, J., Ward, C., Wertman, B. (2008). We, the Northern Cheyenne People: our land, our history, our culture.
Northern Cheyenne Exodus. (2013, February 5). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 01:23, February 24, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Cheyenne_Exodus&oldid=536684695
Omaha public Schools. (2009). Cheyenne.http://www.ops.org/elementary/bancroft/SPECIALISTS/ComputerLab/MRSPEARSON/Curriculum/PlainsIndians/Cheyenne/tabid/210/Default.aspxhttp://hoocher.com/Frederic_Remington/Frederic_Remington.htm
Rock, J. Whitehorse Tipi Village. http://www.whitehorsetipis.co.uk/Tipis.html
Little Coyote, J. (2002). An Overview of Northern Cheyenne Culture and History. http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/mt/field_offices/miles_city/og_eis/cheyenne.Par.48387.File.dat/Chap2.pdf
http://www.aaanativearts.com/cheyenne-indians/northern-cheyenne-tribe.htm
(2013). Countries and Their Cultures: Cheyenne-economy.http://www.everyculture.com/North-America/Cheyenne-Economy.html
http://www.cheyennenation.com/
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