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NORTH AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST
− ALGERIA − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Algeria was introduced in November 2009, and it covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects During the reporting period, the national authorities investigated three cases under the trafficking in persons legislation. Between 2010 and 2011, four persons have been prosecuted and one convicted. Source: Ministry of Justice. Victims Between 2010 and 2011, five victims of trafficking for the purpose of begging have been detected. In 2012, 45 nationals of Niger have been detected, however these maybe migrants in transit and not real victims of trafficking. On this case, investigations are currently ongoing. Source: Ministry of Justice.
− BAHRAIN − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Bahrain covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects
Number of cases recorded for trafficking in persons, 2010-2013
192 7
27
05
1015202530
2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2010-2013
2010 2011 2012 2013Females prosecuted 8 1 3 14Males prosecuted 17 1 4 2505
1015202530354045
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Between 2010 and 2013, 23 persons (10 females and 13 males) were convicted of trafficking in persons in Bahrain. They were the nationals of countries in the Middle East, Asia and Eastern Europe. Source: Ministry of Interior.
Victims
Victims of trafficking victims detected, by forms of exploitation, 2010-2013
Forced labour, 50Sexual exploitation, 52
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Victims of trafficking victims detected, by area of origin, 2010-2013
East Asia, 22Eastern Europe, 17
North Africa and Middle East, 9
South Asia, 44
SubSahara Africa, 9
Source: Ministry of Interior.
− EGYPT − Enacted in May 2010, the current legislation on trafficking in persons in Egypt covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects Between September 2010 and May 2011, four cases have been prosecuted under the new anti-trafficking law. These cases concluded with the conviction of about 10 persons, mostly Egyptian and one East Asian national. Sources: National Coordinating Committee to Combat and prevent Trafficking in Persons. Victims The four cases prosecuted under the new law involved victims for sexual exploitation, force labour in the fishing industry and selling of babies. Sources: National Coordinating Committee to Combat and prevent Trafficking in Persons. The ministry of interior recorded many cases of offences not prosecuted under the trafficking legislation, including 676 cases of child begging, 29 cases of women labour exploitation in commercial activities, 73 cases of facilitating prostitutions, 368 cases of exploitation of people in band for garbage collection, or streets sales and other labour activities. Sources: National Coordinating Committee to Combat and prevent Trafficking in Persons.
− ISRAEL − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Israel covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects
Number of investigations for trafficking in persons, 2010-2012
4524 29
05101520253035404550
2010 2011 2012
Source: Israeli Police.
Number of persons suspected of trafficking in persons, 2010-2012
2010 2011 2012Females 6 9 9Males 14 53 36010203040506070
Source: Israeli Police.
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2010-2012
5124 150
102030405060
2010 2011 2012
Source: Israel State Attorney’s Office.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2010-2012
1833
1305
101520253035
2010 2011 2012
Source: Israel State Attorney’s Office.
In the vast majority of the cases, convicted persons were Israeli citizens Source: Israel State Attorney’s Office.
Victims Number of victims referred to the shelters Ma’agan and Atlas by the Police, by age
and gender, 2010-2012
2010 2011 2012Adult females 15 16 33Adult males 63 10 530102030405060708090100
Source: Shelters Ma’agan and Atlas.
Number of victims referred to the shelters Ma’agan and Atlas by the Police,by form of exploitation, 2010-2012
Sexual exploitation, 25
Forced labour, 144
Slavery for sexual services , 21
Source: Shelters Ma’agan and Atlas.
Number of victims referred to the shelters Ma’agan and Atlas by the Police, by citizenship, 2009 – 2011
Thailand, 76
Philippines, 8Other Asia, 15Eritrea, 29
Ethiopia, 36
Other Africa, 5Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 17 America, 4
Source: Shelters Ma’agan and Atlas.
− JORDAN − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Jordan was adopted in March 2009. This law covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects
Cases of trafficking in persons investigated, 2010-2013
26 2912 17
05
101520253035
2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Anti-Human Trafficking National Committee.
Persons investigated for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2010-2013
4627 11
38
810
2
7
0102030405060
2010 2011 2012 2013
FemalesMales
Source: Anti-Human Trafficking National Committee.
According to the national authorities, 19 persons have been convicted for trafficking in persons between 2010 and 2013. Source: Directorate of Human Rights and Family Affairs. Victims
Victims for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2010-2013
30 15 954
5134
15
27
0102030405060708090
2010 2011 2012 2013
FemalesMales
Source: Anti-Human Trafficking National Committee.
Victims for trafficking in persons, by forms of exploitation, 2009-2013
Domestic Servitude, 38
Forced Labour, 18 Sexual Exploitaiton, 5Child Trafficking, 2
Unspecified, 29
Source: Anti-Human Trafficking National Committee.
Victims for trafficking in persons assisted by Jordanian Women's Union, by country of citizenship, 2009-2013
East Asia, 7
Middle East, 9 Other SouthAsia, 6
Bangladesh, 20
Source: Anti-Human Trafficking National Committee.
− LEBANON− Enacted in September 2011, the current legislation on trafficking in persons in Lebanon covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects
Number of offences of trafficking in person investigated, 2010-2012
36
10
02468
1012
2010 2011 2012
Source: Office of Morals.
Number of persons investigated for trafficking in person, by gender, 2010-2012
011 7
0
11
8 9
02468101214161820
2010 2011 2012Males brought into formal contact Females brought into formal contactUnknown Gender
Source: Office of Morals.
Victims
Number of detected victims of trafficking, by age and gender 2010-2012
3 5 5623 23
05
1015202530
2010 2011 2012Girls Women
Source: Office of Morals.
Number of detected victims of trafficking, by citizenship, 2010-2012
Syria, 40
Other MENA, 6 Eastern Europe, 7 Others, 3Lebanon Domestic Trafficking, 6
Source: Office of Morals.
All victims detected reported above were trafficked for sexual exploitation. Source: Office of Morals.
− MOROCCO − There is no specific offence criminalizing trafficking in persons in Morocco. Moroccan law criminalizes the abduction of minors with the use of violence, threats or deception (chapter 471 of the Criminal Code) and the abduction of minors without the use of violence, threats or deception (chapter 475 of the Criminal Code). The sale of children is also a crime. The offences of child and adult forced labour and forced prostitution are used to prosecute trafficking-related cases. Investigations and suspects The authorities report to have prosecuted cases of trafficking in persons by use of other criminal offences. In 2012, the investigation of 22 cases of sexual exploitation brought to prosecuting 25 persons. More than 71 persons have been prosecuted for the crime of facilitating child prostitution. Fifteen cases have been recorded for the offence of exploiting children for begging. Sixteen persons have been prosecuted for mistreatment of children by hand of the employer. Source: Ministry of Justice and of Public Freedom. Additional Information In the year 2012, Morocco created a joint governmental commission coordinated by the government representative for human rights in order to develop the institutional framework and improve coordination between the various parties involved in the fight against human trafficking and in the protection of victims. Three specialized commissions have therefore been established to implement the royal directives, in particular concerning the development of Moroccan national law in order to provide the kingdom with a system of measures that comply with international standards and that respect its obligations in the promotion of human rights through the appropriate institutional framework. This framework is also expected to coordinate the efforts of various governmental sectors in the combat against human trafficking and in protecting the victims of trafficking. It is also expected to contribute to identifying the phenomenon, raising awareness of the dangers and compiling information about them and encouraging international cooperation on the issue. In order to raise awareness of the dangers of this crime, numerous training courses have been organized for judges and their assistants, as well as for judicial police officers, the Royal Gendarmerie, representatives of various civil society organizations and representatives of the ministerial sectors concerned, in particular the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of National Security, the Ministry of the Royal Gendarmerie, the Ministry of Employment, the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation.
− QATAR − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Qatar was adopted in October 2011. The law covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects As the specific offence of trafficking in persons was adopted in 2011, the number of prosecutions and convictions recorded during the reporting period refer to cases prosecuted and convicted under other offences related to trafficking.
Number of cases investigated for offences related to trafficking in persons, by gender, 2010-2012
2010 2011 2012Number of trafficking inpersons related offences 170 122 250050100150200250300
Source: Qatar Foundation for Combating Human Trafficking.
Number of persons convicted of offences related to trafficking in persons, by gender,
2010-2012
2010 2011 2012Females 5 4 3Males 27 26 2605
101520253035
Source: Qatar Foundation for Combating Human Trafficking.
Victims
Number of victims of trafficking detected, by age and gender, 2010-2011
Men, 172
Women, 68
Source: Qatar Foundation for Combating Human Trafficking.
Victims identified and assisted by the national authorities were trafficked for sexual exploitation and forced labour. Victims were trafficked from South Asia, South-East Asia, East Africa, North Africa and the Middle East. Source: Qatar Foundation for Combating Human Trafficking.
− TUNISIA − There is no specific offence criminalizing trafficking in persons in Tunisia. The offences of forced labour and forced prostitution are used to prosecute trafficking-related cases. Investigations and suspects In the year 2012, the authorities reported 10 prosecutions and eight convictions for offences used to prosecuted also trafficking in persons offences. Source: Ministry of the Interior. Victims The authorities reported 87 victims of trafficking in persons-related offences in the year 2012. All these victims Tunisian women exploited in forced prostitution, two of them repatriated from Libya. Source: Ministry of the Interior.
− UNITED ARAB EMIRATES − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the United Arab Emirates covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2010-2012
2010 2011 2012Females 36 40 27Males 133 71 122020406080100120140160180
Source: Office of Public Prosecution.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2010-2012
2010 2011 2012Females 21 13 23Males 33 30 410
10203040506070
Source: State Courts.
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by country of citizenship, 2010-2012
Bangladesh, 66Pakistan, 31
India, 13 Philppines, 26 UAE, 2Other MENA, 9SubSaharan Africa, 3Eastern Europe, 7Other East Asia, 4
Source: Office of Public Prosecution.
Number of human trafficking-related court cases, 2010-2012
58 37 47010203040506070
2010 2011 2012
Source: Office of Public Prosecution.
Victims
Victims of trafficking in persons by age and gender, 2010-2012
2010 2011 2012Women 139 44 72Men 0 2 0Girls 10 4 3Boys 3 1 0
020406080100120140160
Source: Office of Public Prosecution.
All victims were trafficked for sexual exploitation, but one trafficked for forced labour and two cases of illegal adoption.
Victims of trafficking in persons, by region of origin, 2010-2012
UAE-Domestic Trafficking, 6MENA, 16East Asia, 118
South Asia, 98 SubSaharan Africa, 5Eastern Europe, 19 Others, 5
Source: Office of Public Prosecution.
− YEMEN− There is not a specific offence of trafficking in persons in Yemen. Investigations and suspects In 2011, one men was arrested for trafficking in persons for the removal of organs. This person was released for the absence of a specific law criminalizing trafficking in persons. Source: Yemeni organization to combat trafficking. Victims The Yemeni Organization to Combat Trafficking reports about criminal investigations on trafficking in persons for the removal of organs. About 500 cases were clearly identified, while the local authorities suspects even more took place. Victims were recruited in Yemen and trafficked abroad where their organs were removed. The authorities also report about cases of children sold by their families to be exploited as beggars in the countries of the Gulf. In addition, the Yemeni Organization to Combat Trafficking reports many migrants travelling from the Horn of Africa are deprived of their liberties, tortured and sexually exploited, by local criminal groups while attempting to cross the border from Yemen to Saudi Arabia. Source: Yemeni organization to combat trafficking. The exploitation of mass of migrants arriving from the Horn of Africa by sea to the coasts of Yemen is also reported by the Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. The exploitation is organized by Yemeni smuggling networks, as well as from smugglers from other neighbouring countries. Migrants are forced to pay ransoms, are tortured, exposed to sexual violence and slavery. In 2013, the Yemeni army released a large number Ethiopian migrants living in exploitative conditions in organized camps close to the border with Saudi Arabia. UNICEF and partner organizations rescued 347 children (334 boys and 13 girls), and expressed concern about the fact that the actual number of child trafficked could be higher. The High Commissioner for Human Rights also reports the use of children as combatants. Government forces and other armed groups continue to enlist children with the promise of a better life and financial incentives. Family reasons or poverty and mistreatment by relatives were also reported as causes to join armed groups. According to UNICEF, from 1 January to 30 June 2012, 12 children from Abyan were recruited by the group Ansar al-Sharia, three by the al-Houthi armed group and two by the First Armoured Division. Source: Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 2012/2013.
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