Normal Radiographic Anatomy of the Equine metacarpus/metatarsus, fetlock, and distal extremity

Normal Radiographic Anatomy of the Equine

metacarpus/metatarsus, fetlock,

and distal extremity

Dr Virginie De Busscher

First Year Radiology

Metacarpus(MC)/Metatarsus(MT)Metacarpus(MC)/Metatarsus(MT)

• MC and MT are similarMC and MT are similar

• Large nutrient foramen in MC/MT IIILarge nutrient foramen in MC/MT III

• “ “splint bones”: 2splint bones”: 2ndnd and 4 and 4thth MC/MT MC/MT

• Dorsopalmar(plantar) view: mDorsopalmar(plantar) view: marker placed laterally arker placed laterally

• Lateral views: marker is dorsalLateral views: marker is dorsal

4 views4 views

Multiple oblique views if fracture suspectedMultiple oblique views if fracture suspected

Dorsopalmar(plantar) viewDorsopalmar(plantar) view

Metacarpus/Metatarsus

A: Second MC/MTB: Fourth MC/MTC: Third MC/MT

D: Medial proximal sesamoid bone

E: Lateral proximal sesamoid bone

1: Nutrient foramen2: MC/MT phalangeal joint

From KSUCVM

From Ulg (Belgium)

Lateromedial viewLateromedial view

A: Second MC/MTB: Fourth MC/MTC: Third MC/MT

D: Medial proximal sesamoid bone

E: Lateral proximal sesamoid bone

1: Nutrient foramen2: MC/MT phalangeal joint

DLPM oblique viewDLPM oblique view

Dorsal

Palmar/Pl

MedialLateral

DLPMo = DorsoLateral-PalmaroMedial oblique

B: Fourth MC/MTC: Third MC/MTD: Medial proximal sesamoid boneE: Lateral proximal sesamoid bone

DMPL oblique viewDMPL oblique view

DMPLo = Dorsomedial-PalmaroLateral oblique

Dorsal

Palmar/Pl

MedialLateral

A: Second MC/MTC: Third MC/MTD: Medial proximal sesamoid boneE: Lateral proximal sesamoid bone

FetlockFetlock

Metacarpophalangeal/Metatarsophalangeal Articulation

• Dorsopalmar(plantar) views: Dorsopalmar(plantar) views:

impossible to distinguish med/lat without marker impossible to distinguish med/lat without marker

Marker has to be lateralMarker has to be lateral

• Lateral views: marker is dorsalLateral views: marker is dorsal

• Few differences between forelimb and hindlimbFew differences between forelimb and hindlimb

4 views + lateromedial view in flexion if needed4 views + lateromedial view in flexion if needed

A: Third MC/MT boneB: Proximal phalanx (P1)

1: Sagittal ridge3: Palmar process of proximal phalanx4: Condyles of third metacarpal bone5: Proximal sesamoid bone

A: Third MC/MT boneB: Proximal phalanx (P1)C: Medial proximal sesamoid boneD: Lateral proximal sesamoid boneE: Metacarpo(tarso)-phalangeal jointF: Middle phalanx (P2)G: Third phalanx (P3)H: Proximal interphalangeal joint I: Distal interphalangeal joint

To prevent superimposition of the proximal sesamoid bones over the joint, the beam should be descending Dorsoproximal-Palmarodistal oblique view

A: Third MC/MT boneB: Proximal phalanxC: Medial proximal sesamoid boneD: Lateral proximal sesamoid boneE: Metacarpo(tarso)-phalangeal jointJ: Depression for medial collateral ligament attachment1: Sagittal ridge

Sagittal ridge at MC/MT distal aspect

Metacarpophalangeal/Metatarsophalangeal Articulation: Dorsopalmar view

MC/MT distal aspect

P1 dorsal

P2 dorsal P2 palmar/plantar

P1 proximal P1 palmar/plantar

A: Third MC/MT boneB: Proximal phalanxC: Medial proximal sesamoid boneD: Lateral proximal sesamoid boneE: Metacarpo(tarso)-phalangeal joint1: Sagittal ridge3: Palmar process of proximal phalanx/Lateral palmar tubercle (eminence)6: Medial condyle of third MC/MT bone

Dorsal

Palmar/Pl

MedialLateral

Beam can be slightly descending (proximo-distal)

A: Third MC/MT boneB: Proximal phalanxC: Medial proximal sesamoid boneD: Lateral proximal sesamoid boneE: Metacarpo(tarso)-phalangeal joint1: Sagittal ridge2: Lateral condyle of third metacarpal/tarsal bone3: Palmar process of proximal phalanx

Dorsal

Palmar/Pl

MedialLateral

Forelimb HindlimbForelimb Hindlimb

DP view - Forelimb DP view - Hindlimb

• The proximal sesamoid bones are higher

Bulging

• The MT is convex at its distal aspect

• The proximal sesamoid bones are more triangular

FootFoot

Distal Extremity

•No shoe, trimmed, placed on a blockNo shoe, trimmed, placed on a block

• For the DP views: Soap or “play-doh” (soft tissue opacity) toFor the DP views: Soap or “play-doh” (soft tissue opacity) to fill the 3 sulci of the frog fill the 3 sulci of the frog avoid artifact due to air avoid artifact due to air

• Marker placed Marker placed laterallylaterally (impossible to tell if med or lat (impossible to tell if med or lat without marker)without marker)

• Use of a Use of a gridgrid

• 4 views4 views

Distal Extremity

A: Middle phalanxB: Third phalanxC: Navicular bone1: Proximal interphalangeal joint2: Distal interphalangeal joint3: Extensor process4: Dorsal surface5: Palmar process

From Animalia curandi

Distal Extremity

A: Middle phalanxB: Third phalanxC: Navicular bone1: Proximal interphalangeal joint2: Distal interphalangeaol joint3: Extensor process4: Dorsal surface5: Palmar process

Navicular bone

Distal Extremity

Proximal margin of the navicular boneFlexor surfaceProximal palmar process

Distal palmar process

Dorsal recess of thedistal interphalangeal joint

Extensor process

Articular margin Solar canal

Distal margin of the navicular bone

Dorsoproximal-palmar(pl)odistal oblique view

Distal Extremity

A: Middle phalanxB: Third phalanxC: Navicular bone1: Proximal interphalangeal joint2: Distal interphalangeaol joint3: Extensor process4: Dorsal surface5: Palmar process6: Vascular channel7: Solar margin

Dorsoproximal-palmar(plantar)odistal oblique view

Distal Extremity

Dorsopalmar(plantar) view

A: Middle phalanxB: Distal phalanxC: Navicular bone6: Proximal interphalangeal joint7: Distal interphalangeal jointA

Extensor processExtensor process

Distal Extremity

The extensor process can have different shapes

Palmar processesPalmar processes

Distal Extremity

Proximal

Distal

Navicular bone = distal sesamoid boneNavicular bone = distal sesamoid bone

Distal Extremity

A: Middle phalanxB: Distal phalanxC: Navicular bone1: Flexor cortex 2: Proximal border3: Articular surface4: Distal border5: Ridge to which impar ligament attaches

Navicular boneNavicular bone

Distal Extremity

C: Navicular bone1: Flexor cortex2: Proximal border7: Distal interphalangeal joint 7a: Palmar aspect 7b: Dorsal aspect

Distal Extremity

Proximal and distal margins

Extensor process

Articular margins

Articular surface of third phalanx

Vascular channels

Crena marginis solearis

Toe notch = Crena marginis solearisToe notch = Crena marginis solearis

Distal Extremity

Palmaro(plantar)oproximal-palmar(plantar)odistal oblique view

C: Navicular bone3: Articular surface8: Palmar aspect of middle phalanx9: Nutrient foramen10: Sagittal ridge11: Articulation between navicular bone and middle phalanx

Distal Extremity

Dorsal

Palmar/Pl

MedialLateral

Distal Extremity

Dorsal

Palmar/Pl

MedialLateral

Hoof wallHoof wall

Distal Extremity

A: Middle phalanxB: Third phalanxC: Navicular bone

Normal Radiographic Anatomy of the Equine metacarpus/metatarsus, fetlock, and distal extremity

Documents

Operationstechnik LAPIDUS-T-Fußplatte, plantar · Metatarsus primus varus bei mittelgradiger bis schwerer Hallux-valgus-Deformität und begleitender Instabilität des TMT-1-Gelenks

The treatment of distal metacarpus fracture with locking ...journals.tubitak.gov.tr/veterinary/issues/vet-16-40-2/vet-40-2-18-1510-4.pdf236 BELGE et al. / Turk J Vet Anim Sci Clinical

clavicle. The baby is also noted to have left metatarsus

Hallux rigidus: Joint preserving alternatives to ...€¦ · “hallux rigidus”[2]. Since then multiple names have been suggested, such as metatarsus primus elevatus, dorsal bunion,

Volume 16: Issue 1 Shoeing For Deviations of the Fetlock

Obstetrical Tools of the Trade · OB Chain, and proper followed by a half hitch distal to the fetlock placement of chains on fetlock. Calf (Calf ( Head )“Head”) Snare Snare

Metatarsus Adductus and the Pediatric Patient’ Surgical ... · Avoid casting too late (after 4 -6 months) Late casting is more difficult due to stiff foot Child also kicks more

Calculation of the True First Intermetatarsal Angle Based ... · the radiographic evaluation of the forefoot, particularly as it related to the HAV and metatarsus adductus deformities

EFFECT OF TWO BANDAGE PROTOCOLS ON EQUINE FETLOCK …

10. Anatomia comparada - blocs.xtec.cat · Lachrymal Nasal Incisive Mandible Clavicle Coracoid Phalanges Metacarpus Carpus Ulna Radius Quadrate Occipital Atlas Ilium Femur Epistropheus

Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome: case report · (dermatoglifi anomalies and monkey furrow in half of the cases); brachydactylia with 4° metacarpus short; ... Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome: case

Herhaling botten •scapula •clavicula •humerus •ulna •radius •carpus –ossa carpi •metacarpus –ossa metacarpalia I-V •digiti

Part I: Operative Orthopedics of the Fetlock Joint of the ... · Part I: Operative Orthopedics of the Fetlock Joint of the Horse: Traumatic and Developmental Diseases of the Equine

Metatarsus Primus Supinatus. Its Etiology, Biomechanical ...posturedynamics.com/assets/articles/primusmetatarsus.pdf · Keywords: Posture, Proprioceptive Insole, Talar Supinatus,

The human skeleton - denkpharma.de · Sternum Lumbar Spine vertebrae lumbales Sacrum Os sacrum Ischium Os ischii Patella Patella Tarsal Bones Ossa tarsi Metatarsals metatarsus Phalanges

Chapter 14 Lower Limb Conditions...Coxa vara and valga Genu varum, valgum and recurvatum Talipes Congenital vertical talus Talocalcaneal - navicular bar Pes planus and cavus Metatarsus

Addressing Hallux Valgus in the Metatarsus Adductus Foot Type · Addressing Hallux Valgus in the Metatarsus Adductus Foot Type William D. Fishco, DPM INTRODUCTION Metatarsus adductus

Dissertation poster 1 - Unique magnetism by StreamZ Global...1893 Writtle Universit College A Double-Blinded Trial to Assess the Effect of EQU StreamZ Fetlock Bands on Hock Mobility

Optimised diagnosis in digital - Ghent Universityfractures) are commonly encountered in racehorses while foot problems, fetlock osteoarthritis or tenosynovitis are more commonly observed

The treatment of distal metacarpus fracture with locking ... · anterior presentation may result in metacarpal fractures if a lever action is applied to the forelimbs (1). Trauma