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Immune systemNon-specific & Specific
immune responses
Characteristics:
is the body’s ability to repel foreign substances • by defension against invading pathogens• by removal of dead cells• by identification & destruction of abnormal and
mutant cells• by rejection of „foreign“ cells and organs
Inappropriate responses:
Allergies
Autoimmune disorders
Lupus
Allergens
Nonspecific immune responses innate quick body’s first line against invaders not directed against a particular pathogen
Types:
Species resistance
Mechanical barriers
Chemical barriers
Fever
Inflammation
Phagocytosis
Specific immune responses acquired effective against specific pathogens cooperate with lymphatic system - lymphocytes
Types:
Cellular immunity = Cellular immune system• T – lymphocytes – originate in bone marrow and mature in
thymus
• cytotoxic T-cells; helper T-cells, suppressor T-cells
MECHANISM:
T-lymphocytes mature into active killer T-cells that attack cells infected by
pathogens or are cancerous
lysis of infected cell
suprpessor T-cells stop the activity of killer T-cells
Types:
Humoral immunity = Humoral immune system• B – lymphocytes – originate in bone marrow and stay there to develop
• antibodies
MECHANISM:
Helper T-cells activate B-lymphocytes
they mature into plasma cells = memory cells (are able to produce
antibodies and form memory marks to remember invaders for the next
time)
each antibody binds with particular antigen
agglutination (clump together)
phagocytosis by macrophages
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