Nineteenth-Century Progress - hudson.k12.oh.us€¦ · Nineteenth-Century Progress Inven3ons to...

Nineteenth-CenturyProgressInven3onstoMakeLifeEasier

Findoneinven3onfromthenineteenthcenturythatyouthinkisinteres3ng.

(onlygetafewminutestodothis)

SeDngtheStage

•  Scien3ficdiscoveriespushtheknowledgefron3ers

•  Newkindsofenergy:– Gasoline– Electricity– Hydrogen•  Firstusedasafuelsourcein1806

•  Usedtopoweroneofthefirstcars

Whoinventedthehydrogenpoweredcar?

Whenwasitinvented?

Inven3onstoMakeLifeEasier•  ThomasEdison– Patentedmorethan1000inven3ons

– Lightbulb•  Directcurrent(DC)

– CreatedaresearchlaboratoryinMenloPark,NewJersey•  Mostofhisinven3onswerecreatedhere• WorkedwithLewisH.La3mer,anAfricanAmericaninventor

WhowasEdison’sgreatestrival?

Nameoneofhisotherinven3ons.

Inven3onstoMakeLifeEasier•  NikolaTesla(1865)– Alterna3ng-current(AC)machinery•  “Teslacoil”–usedforradiotechnology,s3llusedtoday•  SoldpatenttoWes3nghouseCorpora3on-gotthecontractfortheChicagoWorld’sFair

– ACcurrentbecamethebestpowersystemofthe20thc• Worldwidestandard

WhatelsedidTeslainvent?

WhatproductdoweknowTeslafortoday(otherthanAC)?

Inven3onstoMakeLifeEasier•  AlexanderGrahamBell–  Teacherofdeafstudents–  Inventedthetelephone– DisplayedatPhiladelphiaCentennialExposi3on1876

•  GuglielmoMarconiusedelectromagne3cwavestocreatethefirstradio–  SentmessagesusingMorseCodewithoutwires

–  Primi3veradiosquicklybecamestandardequipmentforships

WhatdidthefirstmessageonBell’stelephonesay?

Inven3onstoMakeLifeEasier

•  HenryFord– 1880s,Germaninventorspoweredavehiclewithgasoline–automobile

– Decidedtomakecarsthatwereaffordable•  Standardized,interchangeableparts

•  Assemblyline–lineofworkerswhoeachputsinglepieceonunfinishedcarasitpassedonmovingbelt

WhatdidFordchargefortheFIRSTcarsofftheassemblyline?

Howmanycarswereontheroadin1913?

Inven3onstoMakeLifeEasier

•  WrightBrothers–  BicyclemechanicsfromDayton,Ohio

–  FirstheavierthanairaircraftoSUCCEED

–  KihyHawk,NorthCarolina•  Longestflight59seconds

•  Notfirstinflightthough– HenriGiffard-Firstcontrolledflightwasadirigible

– DaVinciwasobsessedwithcrea3ngaflyingmachine

WhatanimalsdidDaVincistudytoinformhisflyingmachine?

NewIdeasinMedicine•  GermTheoryofDisease– LouisPasteur(mid-1800s)•  Discoveredfermenta3onofalcoholwascausedbymicroscopicorganisms-bacteria

•  Pasteuriza3onkillsgermsinliquids

Whatisthemostofenconsumedpasteurizeddrinktoday?

NewIdeasinMedicine–  JosephLister•  Germsexplainwhy50%ofpa3entsdiedfrominfec3on•  1865–orderedallsurgicalwardsbekeptspotless,woundswashedwithan3sep3c

– Vaccineswerefoundfordeadlydiseases•  Peoplestartedtolivelonger

Whatwasthepercentageofpa3entswhosurvivedAFTERListermadechanges?

NewIdeasinScience•  MendelandGene3cs– 1850sGregorMendelusedpeastoprovegene3cs•  Realizedtherewasapaherntothewaycertaintraitswereinherited

– DifferentfromLamarck•  Saidover3me,specieschangedthroughbehavior

WherewasMendelfrom?

NewIdeasinChemistryandPhysics•  JohnDalton–allmahermadeof3nypar3clescalledatoms– Elementshavespecificweights

– Compoundscontainmorethanoneelement

•  DmitriMendeleev– UsedDalton’sideastoorganizetheperiodictable

– S3llusedtoday

Whatisyourfavoriteelement?

Whatisitsatomicnumber?

•  MarieandPierreCurie– Discoveredradiumandpolonium•  Foundinpitchblende-releasedapowerfulformofenergy–Calledradioac3vity

–  1903sharedtheNobelPrizeinphysicsradioac3vity

•  ErnestRutherford–atomswerenotsmallestpar3cles– Nucleussurroundedbyelectrons

NewIdeasinChemistryandPhysics

WhatyeardidMarieCuriegettheNobelPrize

forChemistry?

NewIdeasinScience•  Darwin’sTheoryofEvolu3on– OntheOriginofSpecies–  TheoryofEvolu3on

•  Popula3onsgrowfasterthanfoodsupply-compe33on

•  Onlybestadaptedsurvive•  Survivorsproduceoffspring•  Overmanygenera3ons,specieschange

– AppliedtoraceswithSocialDarwinism•  ReasonwhyEuropeansfeeltherighttocolonizeothercountries

WhatwasthenameofDarwin’sship?

Whatwashisoccupa3onontheship?

SocialSciencesExploreBehavior(andborrowfromtheHardSciences)

•  Psychology-Studyofhumanmindandbehavior–  IvanPavlov

•  Ac3onswereunconsciousreac3onstoexperiences

•  Trainingcouldchangethem–  SigmundFreud

•  Unconsciousminddrivesac3ons

•  Psychoanalysis–looksatpsychologicalconflictsduetosuppressedmemories,desires,andimpulses

Wereyouexpec3ngaques3onhere?

AccordingtoPavlov,whatisitcalledwhenyouareexpec3ngsomethingtohappenandreact?

TheRiseofMassCulture•  Changesproducemassculture– Appealofart,wri3ng,music,andotherformsofentertainmenttoalargeraudience

– Goodscheaper,easierformorepeopletobuy

TheRiseofMassCulture•  MusicHallsandVaudeville– Vaudevilleacts-varietyshowsthattraveledfromtowntotown

•  Movies– 1880s-movingimages– Edisonsucceeded– 1900s,producingfeaturefilms

TheRiseofMassCulture•  SportsEntertainMillions

–  Spectatorsportsnowentertainment

–  US:footballandbaseballgrewquicklyinpopularity

–  Europe:SoccerandCricketdrewhugecrowds

–  OlympicGames1896•  RevivedtheGreektradi3on•  FirstgamestookplaceinAthens,

Greeceagain•  Athle3cs•  Cyclying•  Fencing•  Gymnas3cs•  Shoo3ng•  Swimming•  Tennis•  Weightlifing•  WrestlingGreco-Roman

Nineteenth-Century Progress - hudson.k12.oh.us€¦ · Nineteenth-Century Progress Inven3ons to...

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