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PhD, professor Vagapova V.Sh.
GENERAL ANATOMY OF VEINS
The vein valves
Functions of
the veins:
❖ veins pass the blood to the heart
❖ veins are the reservoir for blood
❖ veins regulate hemodynamics
❖ veinsparticipate in exchanges
between blood and tissues
Veins pass the
blood to the heart
The factors of
centripetal blood flow:
❖ the contraction of the muscular coat of
the veins
❖ the vein valves
❖ the contraction of the skeletal muscles
❖ the suction action of the heart and the
thoracic cavity
❖ the difference in blood pressure
between the arteries and veins
The receptors located
in the veins walls:
❖mechanoreceptors
❖chemoreceptors
❖thermoreceptors
❖baroreceptors Reflexes:
❖ vein-veins
❖ vein-arterial
❖ vein-lymphatic
The principle of organization of the
venous system is CONVERGING
Two exceptions:
• the portal vein of the liver
• the portal vein of the adenohypophysis
The portal vein
of the liver
The portal vein
of the
adenohypophysis
blood capillaries postcapillaries venules
inraorganic veins extraorganic veins
veins of small caliber veins of middle caliber
veins of large caliber great veins the greatest veins
The veins can be
divided into two
groups:
❖ somatic veins
❖ cavity veins
Somatic veins are divided into
❖ superficial
❖ deep
Superficial veins
of the upper
extremity
The veins of the
head and neck
Deep veins of the
upper extremity
The veins of the head:
❖ intracranial
❖ extracranial
The sinuses of
dura mater
The peculiarities of the sinuses:
❖ the walls of sinuses are composed of tightly
stretched layers of dura mater
❖ they never collapse
❖ they provide venous blood in changes of
intracranial pressure
❖ they have no valves
Extracranial veins of
the head:
• superficial
• deep
The veins of the
head and neck
Anastomoses between
intracranial and extracranial
veins are:
• By means of emissary veins
• By means of diploic veins
• By means of the vena
ophthalmica
• By means of the small veins
leaving the skull together with the
cranial nerves
The veins of the
cavities:
• the parietal veins
• the visceral veins
The parietal veins
Venous plexuses
of pelvis
Venous vertebral plexuses
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