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Fun
with
Botany
2009
Fun
with
Botany
April, 2002
Plant Uses and Types
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Monocots
Dicots
Gymnosperms
Keep leaves which are either
needles or flat scales
Seeds are not enclosed
Give off sticky substance (resin)
Angiosperms – Monocots
Seeds – One (1) cotyledon
Flowers – Flower parts in
mutiples of three (3)
Leaves – Linear, parallel
veination
Vascular System – Scattered
bundles
Growth Habit – Herbaceous to
wood-like, no true wood
Angiosperms – Dicot
Seeds – Two (2) cotyledons
Flowers – Flowers parts in
mutiples of four (4) or five (5)
Leaves – Broad, petiole present,
net veination
Vascular System – Ring of
vascular bundles
Growth Habit – Herbaceous or
woody
Plant Classifications
Annuals
Biennials
Perennials
Annuals
Complete cycle from seed
germination to seed production
in one growing season, and then
die
Biennials
Produce vegetative structures
and food storage organs in the
first season. During the second
season, flowers, fruit and seed
develop to complete the life
cycle.
Perennials
Plants live for many years and
typically produce flowers and
seeds each year after reaching
maturity. If top dies back
considered herbaceous. If top
persists it is classified as woody.
Parts of a Plant
Vegetative
Reproductive
Roots – Function
Anchor the plant
Absorb water and nutrients
Storage organ
Roots – Types
Types
Taproot
Fibrous
Roots – Cross Section
Cross Section
Xylem and Phloem
Root Hair
Epidermis
Cortex
Roots
How they grow
Root Tip
Zone of
Elongation
Zone of
Maturation
Fun
with
Botany
2007
Stem – Functions
Support leaves and buds
Carries water, nutrients, and
food
Stem – External Parts
Node
Internode
Buds
Types
Leaf
Flower
Location
Terminal
Lateral/Axillary
Adventitious
Stem – Internal Parts
Vascular Bundles
Xylem
Phloem
Cambium
Epidermis
Cortex
Pith
Bark
Modifications of Stems
Crown
Spurs
Rhizomes/Stolons
More Modifications of
Stems
Tuber
Bulb
Corm
Fun
with
Botany
2007
Leaves – Functions
Primarily responsible for absorbing
sunlight for manufacturing plant
sugars
Leaves – External Parts
Blade
Veins
Lobe
Midrib
Petiole
Leaves – Internal Parts
Waxy layer
Upper/Lower epidermis
Stomata
Guard cells
Vein
Palisade layer
Spongy layer
Leaves – Types
Simple
Compound
Leaves – Arrangement
Alternate
Opposite
Whorled
Leaves – Shapes
Leaf blade
Apex & bases
Margins
Leaves - Veination
Pinnate veination
Feather-like, net veination with lateral
veins extending from a central midrib
Leaves – Veination (con’t)
Palmate
Finger-like, net veination with several
major veins diverging from the petiole-
leaf blade union
Leaves – Veination (con’t)
Parallel
Principle veins parallel to the axis of the
leaf
Fun
with
Botany
2007
In the Garden
Flowers – Parts
Petals
Sepals
Pistils
Stamens
Photos from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy
Graphic from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy
Flowers – Types
Complete – contains all floral
parts: sepals, petals, stamens,
and pistils
Incomplete – Lacks one one more
of floral parts
Graphic from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy
Flowers – Reproductive
Differences
Perfect –
Contains both
pistils and
stamens
Graphic from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy
Flowers – Reproductive
Differences (con’t)
Imperfect – lacks either pistils
or stamens
Pistillate – contains only pistils
Staminate – contains only stamens
Imperfect Flower Types
Monoecious – Both
staminate and
pistillate flowers
on the same plant
Dioecious –
Staminate and
pistillate flowers
occur on separate
plants
Graphics from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy
Attracting Pollinators
Graphic from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy
Advertising with Color
Graphic from Sex in Your Garden by Angela Overy
Advertising with Scents
Advertising with
Shapes
Fruit –Types
Simple
Multiple
Aggregate
Seeds – Parts
Seedcoat
Endosperm
Embryo
Seed Germination
Factors Affecting
Water
Light
Oxygen
Heat
Seed Dispersal
Wind
Water
Animals, etc.
Seeds – Dormancy
Scarification
Stratification
Plant Naming
Binomial Nomenclature
K kingdom
P phylum
C class
O order
F family
G genus
S species
Pyrus calleryana ‘Bradford’
Rosaceae
Plant Processes
Photosynthesis
Produces food
Stores energy
Occurs in cells that contain
chloroplasts
Releases oxygen
Uses water
Plant Processes (con’t)
Respiration
Uses food for plant energy
Releases energy
Occurs in all cells
Uses oxygen
Produces water
Factors Affecting Growth
Light
Quality – red and blue best, green is
reflected
Daylength – short day (SD) vs. long day
(LD) plants
Temperature
Affects flowering
Affects plant growth
Protects plants from blooming at wrong
time
Increases respiration, transpiration
Fun
with
Botany
2007
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