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FROM PILOT TO PRODUCTION:
THE BLOCK CHAIN S TATE OF PLAY FOR 2019
A BLOCK CHAIN S TATE OF PLAY FOR 2019
BOB TAPS COTT
CE O TAPS COTT ADVIS ORS
CONTRIBUTOR BLOCKCHAIN RE S E ARCH INS TITUTE
BOB@ TAPS COTT.COM
© 2018 Blockchain Research Institute
• The definitive investigation into
blockchain strategy, opportunities and
challenges
• 80 Projects
• Led by 40 of the world’s leading
blockchain thinkers and practitioners
• S ponsored by many of the world’s most
important companies and governments
© 2018 Blockchain Research Institute
Blockchain Vertical Transformations
F inancial
S ervices
Technology
E nergy
& Resources
Media
& TelecomRetail
ManufacturingHealthcare Government
© 2018 Blockchain Research Institute
Blockchain Horizontal Transformations
1.. lockchain and the / 9h: a aking the / ase for
5isruption, Leading the Transformation
2.. lockchain and the / hh: A sset / hains –the Cuture
of Supply / hain a anagement
3.. lockchain and the / Lh: Smart / ontracts and the
Legal System
4.. lockchain and the / Ch: Triple 9ntry A ccounting
and / orporate Cinance
5.. lockchain and the / a h: The bext 9ra of Sales and
a arketing
6.. lockchain and the / Lh: 9nterprise Technology
A rchitecture
7.. lockchain and the / I wh: a anaging Talent in a
5istributed 9conomy
© 2018 Blockchain Research Institute
BR I Members
The Dawn of A New E ra
© 2018 Blockchain Research Institute
Machine
Learning
Animating the
Physical World
Autonomous
Vehicles
Distributed
E nergy
Technology in
Our Bodies
Virtual Reality
Drones &
Robotics
Technologies of The Fourth Industrial Revolution
. Lh/ Y/ I A Lb
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
A S HORT HIS TORY
Trust
Image by S tarline / F reepik (CC BY 2.0)
© 2018 Blockchain Research Institute
A HIS TORY
International Payments and Trust
Dutch E ast India Trading Company British E ast India Trading Company
© 2018 Blockchain Research Institute
International Payments Today
Payer
$
US -Based
Bank
US Federal
Reserve
Correspondent
Bank
Correspondent
Bank
Bank of
England
UK-Based
Bank
Recipient
£
CLS
© 2018 Blockchain Research Institute
International Trade Payments Today
Foreign
Buyer
Buyer’s
Bank
Adv ising
Bank
Reimbursing
Bank
S eller’s
Bank
S eller
Freight
Forwarder
Nominated
Bank
Goods
L/C
Goods
Payment
Payment
Reimbursement Claim
Reimbursement
Documents
Reimbursement
Authorization
L/C
&
D
ocu
me
nts
De
bit
Do
cu
me
nts
L/C
A
pp
lica
tio
n
© 2018 Blockchain Research Institute
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
FOR BANKS IN FX
Is That Trust Warranted?
•$7.77 trillion in Fed loans and guarantees to save the banks post 2008
•2015 C itigroup, Barclays, J PMorgan Chase, and RBS , pleaded guilty to rigging FX
currency rates, and agreed to pay $5.8 billion dollars in penalties
• U.S . District J udge S tefan R . Underhill said “when the market is rigged, folks who play by
the rules are suckers.”
•E quifax 143 million Americans private information exposed
•HS BC to pay $175 million for questionable FX practices
•Western Union to Pay $586 Million Over Failure to S top Fraud
•Citibank to refund $700 million to credit card customers for unfair and deceptive
practices
• William K. Black’s book
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
IN (Y E S ) BILLIONS AAA US
F ines to Banks S ince the F inancial Cris is
a hw9 Cwha a A wY9TW A
• Bank of America $76.1
• J PMorgan Chase $43.7
• Citigroup $19
• Deutsche Bank $14
• Wells Fargo $11.8
• RBS $10.1
• BNP Paribas $9.3
• Credit S uisse $9.1
• Morgan S tanley $8.6
• Goldman S achs $7.7
• UBS $6.5
https://www.marketwatch.com/story/banks-have-been-fined-a-staggering-243-billion-since-the-financial-crisis-2018-02-20
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
Is There a Better Trust Argument?
•Trust in mathematics / S HA-256 cryptographic hash functions
•R alph Merkle, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman
•Trust in immutability of a shared sequential ledger
•If cryptocurrencies are liquid and stable then FX moving through them faster and
lower cost than status quo
•S hould reduce the costs by orders of magnitude
•S hould speed up funds transfers (that now can take weeks) down to a few minutes
•Could give total transparency to the movement of funds
•Dan S chulman. CE O of PayPal on Change
TODAY ’S PAY ME NTS MODE L
Handshake illustration by Aidan J ones (CC BY-S A 2.0)
THE BLOCKCHAIN IS THE NE W S UPPLY CHAIN
Image by S tarline / F reepik (CC BY 2.0)
Artificial Intelligence Vs. Deep Learning
Gartner Hype Cycle August 2018
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
Are ICOs Proving to Be S peculative?
Crypto S tartups
•“S uccess Rate” 56 percent of funded crypto startups die within
four months of their initial coin offerings.
•a Boston College study determined that only 44.2 percent of
startups survive after 120 days from the end of their ICOs.
(Hugo Benedetti and Leonard Kostovetsky based on 2,390 ICOs)
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-09/half-of-icos-die-within-four-months-after-token-sales-finalized
Open
Networked
E nterprises
(ONE )
Decentralized
Autonomous
E nterprises
(DAE )
S mart
Contracts
Autonomous
Agents
CONNE CTIVITY and CR E ATIVITY
DRIVE NE W BUS INE S S MODE LS
AUTOMATION
CO
MP
LE
XIT
YL
ow
Hig
h
Low High
S mart Contracts and The Blockchain
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1710/1710.06372.pdf
3. U tility tokens
5. batural asset
tokens
1. / ryptocurrencies
7. / rypto-fiat
currencies and
stab lecoins
CRYPTOASSET CATEGORIES
2. t latforms6. / rypto-
collectib les
4. Security tokens
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
Funding Remains High for S ome ICO’s
© 2018 Blockchain Research Institute
Funding Remains High for S ome ICO’s
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
E OS
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
The ICO that Never Was
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
Digital Asset S ervice Provider
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
But The Market is Beginning to Decline
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-10/crypto-ico-funding-dropped-in-august-to-lowest-in-16-months
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
The (crypto) assets of the future
•Need have:
• S trong governance
• Data controls
• Compliance with regulatory
requirements
• S tandardization
• Identity framework
• S ecurity and cyber defense
•Need have:
• Reliability
• S calability
• Widely held, easy to use
• S table in value
• F iscal policy
• Monetary policy
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
Currency S tability
https://www.oanda.com/fx-for-business/historical-rates? utm_ source=average_ rates
GBP E UR CAD AUD
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
What Has Changed in 2018?
https://www.cryptocurrencychart.com/
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
VE NE ZUALA
F iscal Policy Mismanaged
https://www.oanda.com/fx-for-business/historical-rates
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
Country L ist Government Debt to GDP %
J apan 253%
Greece 179%
Lebanon 149%
Italy 132%
Portugal 126%
Cape Verde 125%
Congo 117%
S ingapore 110%
Bhutan 109%
United S tates 105%
J amaica 103%
Belgium 103%
E gypt 101%
S pain 98%
Cyprus 97%
France 97%
J ordan 96%
Djibouti 91%
Bahrain 91%
Canada 89%
https://tradingeconomics.com/country-list/government-debt-to-gdp
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
F iscal Policy Differences By Country
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
Bank of E ngland
Distributed ledger technology
- with potential benefits
- although there are challenges to overcome
- before it can be implemented in critical services
- such as the BofE high value payments service
- “We are not planning to create a central bank-issued
digital currency”
- Virtual Digital Gold S tandard Monetary Amnesia – Deflationary
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
Bank of Canada Initiative
Payments Canada and Bank of Canada Objectives:
• Faster payment options
• Data R ich Payments
• Transaction transparency
• E asier payments
• Cross border convenience
• Activity based oversight
• Open and risk based access, and
• A platform for innovation.
Built two DLT prototypes (on Corda, and E thereum)
© 2018 Blockchain R esearch Institute
In Conclusion
Trust is moving from institutions to mathematics, inevitably
Distributed Autonomous Organizations S eem Inevitable
The wild ride of unregulated crypto speculation is likely coming to an
end
Investors recently burnt will be twice shy
Currencies and cryptocurrencies will likely merge
The cryptocurrency of the future has yet to materialize
BOB TAPS COTT
CE O TAPS COTT ADVIS ORS
CONTRIBUTOR BLOCKCHAIN RE S E ARCH INS TITUTE
BOB@ TAPS COTT.COM
416.274.5468
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