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Dis
aste
r P
repa
redn
ess
Cha
pter
18
Wha
t is
a “d
isas
ter”
?
•A
n ev
ent t
hat l
eave
s gr
eat d
amag
e be
hind
•
Dis
rupt
s th
e liv
es o
f man
y pe
ople
•N
atur
al v
s. m
an-m
ade
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
Env
ironm
enta
l H
ealth
(N
CE
H)
Res
pons
ibili
ties
incl
ude:
•M
itiga
tion
of fu
ture
dis
aste
rs•
Dis
aste
r pr
epar
edne
ss•
Ten
ding
to h
ealth
nee
ds o
f peo
ple
in
disa
ster
-str
icke
n ar
eas
•T
he H
ealth
Stu
dies
Bra
nch
has
the
resp
onsi
bilit
y fo
r di
sast
er e
pide
mio
logy
Nat
ural
Dis
aste
rs
•C
limat
olog
ical
•G
eolo
gica
l
Clim
atol
ogic
al
•H
eat w
aves
, dro
ught
, hai
l, to
rnad
oes,
hu
rric
anes
, tsu
nam
is, b
lizza
rds
–F
ortu
nate
ly w
e ha
ve th
e te
chno
logy
to p
redi
ct
even
ts, w
arn
citiz
ens,
and
pre
pare
to a
ssis
t ci
tizen
s
Hea
t Wav
es a
nd D
roug
ht
•H
eat-
rela
ted
deat
hs to
tale
d m
ore
than
8,
000
betw
een
1979
and
199
9•
Req
uire
com
mun
ities
to c
onse
rve
wat
er•
It is
a g
ood
idea
to m
ake
hom
es e
nerg
y ef
ficie
nt w
ith w
eath
er s
trip
ping
•A
pply
UV
film
to w
indo
ws
or k
eep
shad
es
and
curt
ains
dra
wn
•U
se a
ir co
nditi
oner
s, c
eilin
g fa
ns, a
nd
othe
r fa
ns
Hai
l
•H
ails
torm
s ca
use
prop
erty
dam
age
and
dam
age
to c
rops
•M
any
insu
ranc
e co
mpa
nies
lim
it co
vera
ge
for
hail
dam
age
•D
o no
t try
to d
rive
durin
g a
hail
stor
m•
Try
to fi
nd a
par
king
lot o
r m
ove
to th
e si
de
of th
e ro
ad w
hen
visi
bilit
y is
poo
r
Tor
nado
es
•T
orna
does
may
acc
ompa
ny h
ail s
torm
s or
hu
rric
anes
•T
here
can
be
mor
e th
an o
ne•
The
y ca
n oc
cur
in th
e w
ater
(w
ater
spo
uts)
•D
ark
clou
ds c
over
the
area
•It
is b
est t
o st
ay h
ome
in a
bas
emen
t or
clos
et w
ith s
uppo
rt a
nd n
o w
indo
ws
•If
in y
our
car,
get
out
and
lie
in a
ditc
h
Hur
rican
es
•T
he s
easo
n is
Jun
e th
roug
h N
ovem
ber
on
the
Eas
t Coa
st a
nd A
tlant
ic is
land
s•
Cat
etor
y I,
II, II
I, IV
, and
V•
Win
d da
mag
e is
sub
stan
tial w
ith fl
oodi
ng
from
the
ocea
n, r
iver
s, s
trea
ms,
etc
.•
Pow
er o
utag
es a
nd c
onta
min
ated
wat
er
are
addi
tiona
l pro
blem
s•
Res
iden
ts s
houl
d ev
acua
te w
hen
told
Tsu
nam
is
•T
he e
ffect
of a
n ea
rthq
uake
in th
e oc
ean
floor
•A
larg
e w
ave
split
s as
one
par
t rus
hes
tow
ard
land
and
the
othe
r go
es o
ut to
sea
•M
uch
of th
e da
mag
e is
from
the
stro
ng
curr
ent a
nd d
ebris
Bliz
zard
s
•W
ind
with
sno
w a
ccum
ulat
ion
caus
e bl
izza
rds
to b
low
larg
e dr
ifts
mak
ing
trav
el
diffi
cult
•It
is a
goo
d id
ea to
hav
e an
ext
ra s
uppl
y of
fo
od a
nd a
n al
tern
ativ
e so
urce
of h
eatin
g in
the
even
t of a
pow
er o
utag
e•
Bet
ter
to s
tay
hom
e an
d to
trav
el in
it a
s yo
u m
ay b
ecom
e st
rand
ed
Nat
iona
l Wea
ther
Ser
vice
Adv
isor
ies
for
Win
ter
Sea
son
•S
now
adv
isor
ies
•F
reez
ing
rain
/free
zing
driz
zle
advi
sorie
s•
Win
ter
wea
ther
adv
isor
ies
•W
inte
r st
orm
wat
ch•
Win
ter
stor
m w
arni
ng•
Bliz
zard
war
ning
•Ic
e st
orm
war
ning
•H
eavy
sno
w w
arni
ng
Nat
iona
l Wea
ther
Ser
vice
Adv
isor
ies
for
War
m S
easo
n•
Tor
nado
wat
ch•
Tor
nado
war
ning
•S
ever
e th
unde
rsto
rm w
atch
•S
ever
e th
unde
rsto
rm w
arni
ng•
Flo
od w
atch
•F
lood
war
ning
•R
iver
floo
d w
arni
ng•
Fla
sh fl
ood
wat
ch•
Fla
sh fl
ood
war
ning
•U
rban
and
sm
all s
trea
m fl
ood
war
ning
Nat
iona
l Wea
ther
Ser
vice
N
onpr
ecip
itatio
n A
dvis
orie
s
•W
ind
chill
adv
isor
y or
war
ning
•H
igh
win
d w
atch
or
war
ning
•W
ind
advi
sory
•D
ense
fog
advi
sory
•H
eat a
dvis
ory
•E
xces
sive
hea
t war
ning
•F
rost
adv
isor
y•
Fre
eze
advi
sory
Nat
iona
l Wea
ther
Ser
vice
Adv
isor
ies
for
Ope
n W
ater
/Tro
pica
l Eve
nts
•S
mal
l cra
ft ad
viso
ry•
Gal
e w
arni
ng•
Sto
rm w
arni
ng•
Tro
pica
l sto
rm w
atch
or
war
ning
•H
urric
ane
wat
ch o
r w
arni
ng•
Spe
cial
mar
ine
war
ning
Geo
logi
cal D
isas
ters
•F
lood
ing
•La
ndsl
ides
•A
vala
nche
s •
Ear
thqu
akes
•V
olca
nic
erup
tions
•T
hese
can
som
etim
es b
e pr
edic
ted
but
usua
lly r
equi
re e
vacu
atio
n
Flo
odin
g
•C
an o
ccur
with
spr
ing
snow
mel
t, he
avy
rain
s, h
urric
anes
, or
prob
lem
s w
ith s
ewer
s in
urb
an a
reas
•P
robl
ems
of w
ater
con
tam
inat
ion
and
stan
ding
wat
er fo
r m
osqu
ito b
reed
ing
are
a pu
blic
hea
lth c
once
rn•
Pro
pert
y da
mag
ed b
y flo
odin
g is
diff
icul
t to
trea
t or
sell
Ear
thqu
akes
•C
an o
ccur
any
whe
re•
Are
som
etim
es p
redi
ctab
le•
Mos
t are
min
or b
ut d
isru
pt n
orm
al li
ving
pa
ttern
s
Vol
cani
c E
rupt
ions
•In
clud
e la
va fl
ow, i
nten
se h
eat,
and
heav
y ai
r po
llutio
n fr
om v
olca
nic
ash,
sul
fur
diox
ide,
am
mon
ia, c
arbo
n di
sulfi
de, c
arbo
n m
onox
ide,
ch
lorin
e, h
ydro
fluor
ic a
cid,
hyd
roge
n su
lfide
, ni
trog
en d
ioxi
de, a
nd s
ulfu
ric a
cid
Man
-Mad
e D
isas
ters
•F
ores
t fire
s, in
dust
rial a
ccid
ents
, and
tr
ansp
orta
tion
acci
dent
s•
Diff
icul
t to
plan
for
•E
xam
ples
incl
ude:
–T
hree
Mile
Isla
nd in
Mid
dlet
on, P
A (
1979
)–
Uni
on C
arbi
de p
lant
in B
hopa
l, In
dia
(198
4)–
Oil
spill
s–
Tra
in a
ccid
ents
Man
-mad
e D
isas
ters
•E
ffect
s–
Loss
of p
rope
rty
–Lo
ss o
f hum
an li
fe–
Loss
of w
ildlif
e–
Wat
er r
unof
f–
Eu
tro
ph
icat
ion
•P
reve
ntio
n–
Sig
ns w
arni
ng
citiz
ens
to e
xerc
ise
caut
ion
–E
vacu
atio
n if
an
even
t is
antic
ipat
ed–
Saf
ety
insp
ectio
ns–
Mor
e st
ringe
nt la
ws
and
regu
latio
ns
Dis
aste
r A
ssis
tanc
e
•T
he F
eder
al E
mer
genc
y M
anag
emen
t A
genc
y (F
EM
A)
wor
ks w
ith o
ther
age
ncie
s in
the
even
t of a
dis
aste
r–
Am
eric
an R
ed C
ross
–W
orld
Hea
lth O
rgan
izat
ion
–P
an A
mer
ican
Hea
lth O
rgan
izat
ion
Ter
roris
m
•A
n ac
t mea
nt to
frig
hten
or
thre
aten
a
larg
e po
pula
tion
•T
he c
once
pt is
not
new
•T
wo
type
s:–
Dom
estic
(w
ithin
nat
iona
l bou
ndar
ies)
–In
tern
atio
nal (
cros
s na
tiona
l bou
ndar
ies)
•U
se b
iolo
gica
l, ch
emic
al, a
nd r
adia
tion
wea
pons
His
tory
of T
erro
rism
•19
84 7
51 c
ases
of S
alm
onel
la fo
und
in a
sal
ad
bar
used
by
a cu
lt to
pre
vent
vot
ing
•19
88 2
59 p
eopl
e w
ere
kille
d on
Pan
Am
Flig
ht
from
exp
losi
ves
in th
e lu
ggag
e co
mpa
rtm
ent
•19
93 e
xplo
sion
in th
e W
orld
Tra
de C
ente
r in
N
ew Y
ork
killi
ng 7
peo
ple
and
wou
ndin
g 1,
042
•19
95 s
arin
gas
was
use
d on
a s
ubw
ay in
Jap
an
by a
cul
t to
kill
polic
e of
ficer
s, 3
,800
peo
ple
wer
e in
jure
d an
d 1,
000
wer
e ho
spita
lized
His
tory
of T
erro
rism
(co
ntin
ued)
•19
95 tr
uck
bom
b ki
lled
169
citiz
ens
(incl
udin
g19
child
ren)
and
inju
red
500
peop
le in
the
Fed
eral
T
rade
Bui
ldin
g in
Okl
ahom
a C
ity•
1996
Oly
mpi
c ga
mes
in A
tlant
a w
ere
inte
rrup
ted
with
a p
ipe
bom
b ex
plos
ion
killi
ng 1
per
son
and
inju
ring
112
othe
rs•
Sep
tem
ber
11, 2
001,
terr
oris
t atta
cks
on th
e W
orld
Tra
de C
ente
r in
New
Yor
k an
d th
e P
enta
gon
in W
ashi
ngto
n D
.C. k
illin
g m
ore
than
3,
000
peop
le
His
tory
of T
erro
rism
(co
ntin
ued)
•20
01 a
nthr
ax c
onta
min
atio
n of
21
post
al
faci
litie
s in
the
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
incl
udin
g 20
co
ngre
ssio
nal b
uild
ings
, 11
gove
rnm
ent
build
ings
, and
6 o
ther
s ex
tend
ing
from
C
onne
ctic
ut, N
ew J
erse
y, N
ew Y
ork,
W
ashi
ngto
n, D
C, M
aryl
and,
Flo
rida,
In
dian
a, N
orth
Car
olin
a, V
irgin
ia, F
lorid
a,
and
Mis
sour
i
Hom
elan
d S
ecur
ity
•A
s a
resu
lt of
the
2001
eve
nts,
a
Hom
elan
d S
ecur
ity d
irect
ive
(PL
107-
296)
w
as m
ade
and
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
omel
and
Sec
urity
was
form
ed•
Fun
ding
was
pro
vide
d to
pre
pare
pub
lic
heal
th o
ffici
als,
the
mili
tary
, and
em
erge
ncy
pers
onne
l to
prep
are
for
pote
ntia
l dis
aste
rs, p
artic
ular
ly in
volv
ing
biol
ogic
al w
arfa
re
War
•In
clud
es th
e us
e of
any
type
of w
eapo
n,
incl
udin
g w
eap
on
s o
f m
ass
des
tru
ctio
n–
Any
dev
ice
with
the
capa
city
to c
ause
dea
th
or s
erio
us b
odily
inju
ry to
a s
igni
fican
t num
ber
of p
eopl
e•
Tox
ic o
r po
ison
ous
chem
ical
s•
Dis
ease
org
anis
ms
•R
adio
activ
ity
Hom
elan
d S
ecur
ity A
lert
s
•R
ed (
seve
re)
•O
rang
e(h
igh)
•Y
ello
w(e
leva
ted
risk)
•B
lue
(gua
rded
)•
Gre
en (
low
ris
k)
Dis
aste
r P
repa
redn
ess
•A
n ex
ampl
e of
how
gov
ernm
ent a
genc
ies
can
wor
k to
geth
er
–F
ire, r
escu
e, a
nd p
olic
e–
Hos
pita
ls a
nd p
ublic
hea
lth d
epar
tmen
ts–
Mili
tary
and
civ
il de
fens
e
•In
clud
es:
–Im
med
iate
res
pons
e to
an
even
t–
Eva
cuat
ion
proc
edur
es fo
r re
side
nts
–A
ctiv
ities
to r
esto
re c
omm
unity
ser
vice
s
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