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Network Planing
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ICSA 733 Week 8 1
Fundamentals of Telecommunications
Week 8: Network Planning
Elizabeth Lane Lawley, Instructor
ICSA 733 Week 8 2
Planning & Design Cycles
Three discrete but highly interrelated cycles
Strategic Planning CycleTactical Planning CycleOperational Planning Cycle
ICSA 733 Week 8 3
Strategic Planning
Seeks to optimize corporate goalsInvolves competitive analysisMarshals information resources in a
proactive fashionCommonly takes from 3-5 months
ICSA 733 Week 8 4
Tactical Planning
Focus is on the actual selection and design of the network and its constituent components
Commonly takes from 1-3 months
ICSA 733 Week 8 5
Operational Planning
Ongoing monitoring of network activity
Primarily role network management and all the associated activities
ICSA 733 Week 8 6
Strategic Planning & Corporate DP/MIS
Traditional DP/MIS seen as “monolithic” entities, often shrouded in mysticism
Divestiture of AT&T shifted many new telecommunications responsibilities onto DP/MIS
Increase in sophisticated end-user platforms has led to sophisticated end-users
ICSA 733 Week 8 7
Strategic Planning Functions
Matching IT with stated business goals and objectives
Identifying critical information resourcesUnderstanding processes, human issues,
and technical considerationsShifting from reactive to proactive modesDeveloping a flexible, long-term network
strategy
ICSA 733 Week 8 8
Tactical Planning Functions
Modeling the current network and traffic
Modeling the proposed networkDeveloping a model that takes into
account cycles of growth and trafficTechnology assessmentIdentifying migration strategiesSelecting appropriate paths for growth
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Operational Planning Functions
Security managementPlanningFault managementPerformance managementConfiguration managementAccounting
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Design & Implementation
Systems approach takes into account the interrelationship of various parts
Planning is critical to network success, both technically and organizationally
Managers and uses must “buy into” the network in the earliest planning stages
ICSA 733 Week 8 11
Feasibility Studies
Used when improving a current network or developing a new network
Problem definition is critical: What problems indicate the need for a new or upgraded network?
Problems identified become “needs assessment factors”
ICSA 733 Week 8 12
Sample Needs Assessment Factors: Management
Timely access to data for improved decision-making
Increased paperwork or information flow
Need for better int’l exchange of data
Unsatisfactory organizational data flow
Planned future growthNegative morale
effect of old networkCompetition forcing
change Inadequate
productivity or spaceNeed for expanded
capacity
ICSA 733 Week 8 13
Sample Needs Assessment Factors: Technical
Inability to maintain current network
Unreliability of current network
Obsolete hardware/software
Need to interconnect systems
Inadequate shared data
Inadequate security or privacy
Desire to incorporate new technologies
Need to conform to industry standards
ICSA 733 Week 8 14
Feasibility Study Report
Informs management about problems, their causes, and potential solutions
States the purpose or objectives of the network
Makes it easy for management to make a “yes” or “no” decision about all or portions of the proposed network
ICSA 733 Week 8 15
Network Design Plan
A successful design plan incorporates three feasibility factors: Technical feasibility Operational feasibility Economic feasibility
Design plan has two main components Network goals Network evaluation criteria
ICSA 733 Week 8 16
Network Goals
Derived from objectives identified in feasibility study
Three distinct goals Major goal: why are we building the
network? Intermediate goals: what other benefits
with the network provide? Minor goals: what function can this system
provide for the organization in the future
ICSA 733 Week 8 17
Network Evaluation Criteria
TimeCostQualityCapacityScopeEfficiencyProductivityAccuracy
FlexibilityReliabilityAcceptanceControlsDocumentationTrainingNetwork life
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Understand Current Network
Generates better understanding of communications environment
Provides benchmarks for measuring performance of new network
Includes analysis of applications, users, and data
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Define New Network Requirements
Two key questions to keep in mind: What is it’s purpose? What is it to
produce?
Organized into Mandatory Desirable Wish List
Incorporates strategic plan What applications and
data are forecast? How will information
environment change?
Incorporates operational needs Circuit capacity Processing time Productivity
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Key Requirement: Response Time
RT = MIT + APT + MOT RT: response time, MIT: message input time,
APT: application processing time, MOT: message output time
“x percent of all response time must be less than or equal to y seconds”
Cost and response time are inversely proportional
Many vendors provide simulators
ICSA 733 Week 8 21
Identify Geographic Scope
International? Country? Metropolitan? Local?
Map out all locations requiring connections
Within a given location, utilize blueprints and schematics to determine wiring closets and constraints
ICSA 733 Week 8 22
Identify Network Security and Control
Identify potential threats to the information and integrity of the network
Develop specific responses to each threat, including prevention, detection, and elimination
Assign responsibility for managing potential and actual problems
ICSA 733 Week 8 23
Network Design: Goals
Minimum circuit distances
Adequate circuit capacity
Good response timeEfficient software and
protocolsHigh level of
reliabilityReasonable costs
Acceptance of network by users and managers
Sufficient security and control for the highest risk application
ICSA 733 Week 8 24
Network Design: Software Considerations
Protocol selection (TCP/IP, OSI, SNA, etc)
Security software requirementsDistributed vs localized application
and data locationDiagnostics and maintenance
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Network Design: Hardware Considerations
Topology selection (Ethernet, Token-Ring, etc)
WorkstationsSevers (file, database, telecom, etc)HubsInternetworking devicesPeripherals (modems, printers, etc.)
ICSA 733 Week 8 26
Determining Costs
Costs should not factor into preliminary network planning
Identify alternatives first, then relate costs to attainable network design configurations
Separate out direct and indirect costs, as well as direct and indirect benefits
Learn how to write a good RFP!
ICSA 733 Week 8 27
Selling the Network
Three choices theorem Presenting the preferred option between
two less desirable options is more likely to ensure its selection by management.
Objections can center on ROI issues, cost/benefit analysis, clashes in strategic plan perspectives, or personality issues
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