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NET323 D:

NETWORKS PROTOCOLS

Lab # 4 : Static Route Networks and Communication

Systems Department

TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

1

Lab Objectives 2

To connect two small LANs using two Routers.

To Configure static route on the routers.

To send ICMP message between devices in

different networks.

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Lab Content

Static Route

How to configure static route on the router

Scenario (Connecting two LANs using two routers)

What is the Administrative Distance “AD”?

What is the Metric?

Why the route has the AD and metric?

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Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Building a routing table

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There are two basic methods of building a routing

table:

1. Static Routing

2. Dynamic Routing

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Static Route

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A static routing table is created, maintained, and

updated by a network administrator, manually.

A static route to every network must be configured

on every router for full connectivity.

When a table is created, it cannot update

automatically when there is a change in the Internet.

It can be used in a small networks that does not

change very much.

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

How to configure a static route on the router?

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In Static Route:

You have to configure only the remote networks (which are not directly connected to the Router) by using ip route command (in the global configuration mode).

When using the ip route command, you can identify where packets should be routed to in two ways:

The exit interface

The next-hop address

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

How to configure a static route on the router? Cont.

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Using exit interface :

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

iP route [network address] [netmask] [exit interface]

[networkaddress] Replace it with the network address of remote network

[Exit interface] the interface that used to route the packet to the remote

network “destination”

[netmask] replace it with the mask of the network (in decimal notation)

How to configure a static route on the router? cont.

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Example :

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Router 1 (in the example we have only one remote network to router 1 which is

network # 2):

iP route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 f1/0 Router 2 (in the example we have only one remote network to router 2 which is

network # 1):

iP route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 f1/0

Router 1 Router 2

10.0.0.0 /8 192.168.1.0 /24

How to configure a static route on the router? Cont.

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Using next hub:

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

iP route [network address] [netmask] [next hub]

[network address] Replace it with the network address of remote network

[next hop] the IP (in decimal notation) of the next hop that used to route the

packet to the remote network “destination”

[netmask] replace it with the mask of the network (in decimal notation)

How to configure a static route on the router? Cont.

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Example :

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Router 1 (in the example we have only one remote network to router 1 which

is network # 2):

iP route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 50.2.2.2 Router 2(in the example we have only one remote network to router 2 which

is network # 1):

iP route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 50.1.1.1

Router 1 Router 2

10.0.0.0 /8 192.168.1.0 /24

Scenario # 1 11

1. Create two simple LANs (each LAN contains three devices)

2. Connect the two LANs using two routers to create the third network (as shown in the following figure)

3. Configure two routers using Static Route (exit interface)

4. Perform a ping between PC “A” and PC “D” in realtime mode

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

1. Open The Packet tracer

2. Add three PCs to the workspace ( by select the Generic PC under End Devices and drag it onto the workspace)

3. Rename them and set their IPs as the following:

Note: the network address will be 10.0.0.0 why??

Step 1 (Create the first network) 12

PC name IP Mask

A 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

B 10.2.2.2 255.0.0.0

C 10.3.3.3 255.0.0.0

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Step 1 (Create the first network) cont.

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4. Drag Switch-PT to the workspace

5. Using Copper Straight-through cable connect the

three PCs to the switch as the following:

PC name Switch ports

A Fast Ethernet 1/1

B Fast Ethernet 2/1

C Fast Ethernet 3/1

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Step 1 (Create the first network) cont.

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Then perform a ping between PCs to test the connection in real

time mode.

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

1. Add one PCs and one laptop to the workspace ( by

select the Generic PC and Generic laptop under End

Devices and drag them onto the workspace)

2. Rename them and set their IPs as the following:

Note: the network address will be 192.168.1.0 why??

Step 2 (Create 2nd network) 15

End device

type

name IP Mask

PC D 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

laptop E 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

laptop G 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Step 2 (Create the 2nd network) cont.

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3. Drag Switch-PT to the workspace

4. Using Copper Straight-through cable connect the

devices to the switch as the following:

Device name Switch ports

D Fast Ethernet 1/1

E Fast Ethernet 2/1

G Fast Ethernet 3/1

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Step 2 (Create the 2nd network) cont.

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Then perform a ping between devices (PC and laptops) to test the

connection in realtime mode.

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Step 3 (Create the 3rd network)

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1. Drag two Generic Router-PT to the workspace

2. Using Copper Straight-through cable, connect the first

Router to the switch in the 1st network(using interface f0/0 in

the router)

3. Using Copper Straight-through cable, connect the second

Router to the switch in the 2nd network(using interface f0/0 in

the router)

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

4. Using Copper Cross-over cable, connect the first Router

to the second Router (using interface f1/0 in both routers)

Assign the following IPs to the router interfaces using CLI:

Router 1 :

Router 2 :

Step 4 ( Assigning IPs to router interfaces)

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Connection IP Mask

Fast Ethernet 0/0 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

Fast Ethernet 1/0 50.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Connection IP Mask

Fast Ethernet 0/0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

Fast Ethernet 1/0 50.2.2.2 255.0.0.0

Step 4 ( Assigning IPs to router interfaces) cont.

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You have to enter to the CLI of the router by

clicking on it and then choose CLI tab

1

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Router 1 Configuration ( interface f0/0)

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Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Router 1 Configuration ( interface f1/0)

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Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Router 2 Configuration ( interface f0/0)

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Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Router 2 Configuration ( interface f1/0)

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Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Network # 1

For each PC, change the gateway to 10.1.1.1 which is the

gateway of the first network

Step 5 ( Adding Gateway)

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The gateway of first network

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Step 5 ( Adding Gateway) cont. 26

1

3

Adding gateway

Desktop tab IP configuration enter gateway

*Repeat the same steps for PC “B” and PC “C”

2

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Network # 2

For each PC, change the gateway to 192.168.1.1which is

the gateway of the second network

Step 5 ( Adding Gateway) cont.

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The gateway of second network

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Step 5 ( Adding Gateway) cont. 28

1

3

Adding gateway

Desktop tab IP configuration enter gateway

*Repeat the same steps for laptop “E” and laptop “G”

2

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

In Staitc Route:

You have to configure only the remote networks (which are not directly connected to the Router)

By using the following command in global configuration mode:

ip route [network address] [netmask] [exit interface]

OR

ip route [network address] [netmask] [next hop]

Use only one way in your topology.

Step 6 ( Static Route Configuration)

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Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Static route Configuration in the two routers

[exit interface] 30

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Router 1 (in the example we have only one remote network to

router 1 which is network # 2):

Router 2 (in the example we have only one remote network to

router 2 which is network # 1):

Static route Configuration in the two routers

[next hop] 31

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Router 1 (in the example we have only one remote network to

router 1 which is network # 2):

Router 2 (in the example we have only one remote network to

router 2 which is network # 1):

Step 7 (Performing a Ping in Realtime mode)

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Click on PC”A” “Desktop”

tap Command Prompt

Write the following command Ping 192.168.1.2

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Step 8 (Showing Routing table for the first Router)

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Use the following command to show the routing table at

privilege mode

Show ip route

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Routing table explanation

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C Identifies that the network connected directly with the router

S Identifies that the route was manually created by an administrator to

reach a specific network. This is known as a static route.

Network address of the connected network

Interface that used to route the packet to the network

Note: when you use the next hop way the IP address of the next hop will

be shown instead of the interface.

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

What is the Administrative Distance (AD)?

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Each Routing protocol has Administrative Distance

as the following:

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

What is the Metric ?

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A routing metric is a unit calculated by a routing algorithm for selecting or rejecting a routing path for transferring data/traffic.

Some of the parameters used for calculating a routing metric are as follows:

Hop count

Path reliability

Path speed

Load

Bandwidth

Latency

Maximum transmission unit

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

Why the route has the AD and metric?

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If the Router is configured for one or more routing protocols, the Router can learn about different routes to the same destination.

In which case, the Router will prefer routes from the routing protocol with the lowest administrative distance.

If a single routing protocol provides multiple routes to the same destination, the router will then look at the metric of each of those routes, and select the one with the lowest metric.

Lowest administrative distance first, then lowest metric.

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa

References

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Cisco Packet Tracer Help

Balchunas, A. (2007). Static vs. Dynamic Routing. Retrieved 2015, from

http://www.routeralley.com/guides/static_dynamic_routing.pdf

Cisco Networking Academy's Introduction to Routing Dynamically. (2015, September

3). Retrieved 2015, from

http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2180210&seqNum=12

Jabbar, G. (2012, January 3). Cisco ASA – Administrative Distance and Metric. Retrieved 2015,

from http://www.gomjabbar.com/2012/01/03/cisco-asa-administrative-distance-and-

metric/#sthash.cbKhlDvF.dpbs

Cisco Networking Academy's Introduction to Routing Dynamically. (2014, March 24). Retrieved 2015, from http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2180210&seqNum=12

Networks and Communication Systems Department – Prepared By: TA. Anfal AlHazzaa