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8/12/2019 Neighbour Hood
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NEIGHBOURHOOD
PLANNING
PR
AJJWAL JOSHI
RIZWAN BAIG
OUR
PLAN
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NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT
It is a ubiquitous phenomenon in every urban and nonurban
area.
Geographically localized community within a larger city, town
or suburban area.
An integrated, and planned urban area related to the larger
community of which it is a part , and consisting of residential
districts, a school or schools, shopping facilities, religious
buildings, open spaces, and perhaps a degree of service
industry.
Arnold Whittick (1974)
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NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT
‘FACT OF NATURE’, which comes into existence whenever a
group of people share a place
Since the early ages of humanity, for practical, economical,
sociological and psychological reasons, people have tended to
live close together in sections of an area and formcommunities.
Have some particular physical or social characteristics that
distinguish from other.
Clustering of these neighborhoods has formed towns, villages,
and cities.Lewis Mumford
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NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT
Population 7000 –10000.
Primary school.
Recreational spaces
Retail shopping facility.
Community facilities at 10 to 15 minutes.
Tree-shaded, pedestrian & bicycle-friendly streets.
Safe from major traffic areas.
Local employment opportunities.
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EVOLUTION AND CONCEPTUALIZATION
NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT
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CLARENCE A. PERRY
UNIT OF URBAN PLANNINGPopulation as a criteria to decide the size of
neighbourhood unit.
FACILITIES
Primary school, shopping centre, spaces for outdoor
recreation, community centre, sports centre.
POPULATION
optimal to support its elementary school (5000-6000).
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CLARENCE A. PERRY …
STREET SYSTEM
•Major traffic routes should not pass through residential
neighbourhood.
•Minor streets to connect the dwelling unit.•Interior street pattern: cul-de-sacs, curved layout and light
duty surfacing .
•An independent system of footway linking together school
sites, play areas and shopping centers.
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CLARENCE A. PERRY …
SECTOR•Combination of two or more neighbourhood units.
•Facilities like secondary school, entertainment centers, big
markets, major parks and large site recreation spaces.
•
Population 12000 –15000.
SIZE AND DENSITY
•Maximum walking distance ¼ mile.
•Density should be 10 families per acre.
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Clarence A. Perry’s Neighborhood Unit of 1929
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N.L. Engelhardt
Elementary school -center of the unit and within a 1/2 mileradius.
Small shopping center located near the school.
Cul-de-sac or "dead-end“ roads to eliminate through traffic.
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CLARENCE STEIN
Grouping of 3 neighborhood units served by a high school and 1 or 2 major
Commercial centers -radius for walking distance to these facilities being 1 mile.
Clarence Stein’s 1942 Diagram of Neighborhoods
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NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN
It is a written document that identifies the strengths and
weaknesses of a defined area.
It also provides practical actions that will result in an improved
neighbourhood.
It outlines a vision for a neighbourhood with greater detail on
• land use and land use policies
• circulation or network
• parks and open space
• infrastructure and servicing
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NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN
In turn, this informs what happens in the planning area with
respect to
• zoning and rezoning
•development permit areas & guidelines
•subdivision and development
provides a VISION for your ----- sets out clear GOALS -----
gives you an ACTION PLAN
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WHO SHOULD INVOLVE?
The parish council or town council for the area need to initiate
the process along with community
The involvement of a broad range of local stakeholders will
strengthen community and make it implementation easier.
List of stakeholders that the parish/town council should seekto involve in the process
•Residents
•Community organization
•Elected representatives•Businesses
•Landowners
•Developers
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BENEFITS FROM A NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN
Everyone who lives, works and plays in the neighbourhood
Benefits the larger community and the city as a whole.
Will help government departments and other organizations
better understand the priorities of our neighbourhood so that
they can serve you better.
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It brings residents, businesses, and community
organizations together to share ideas and work
together on issues that are important to everyone
It improves communication and focuses ideas;
It helps a neighbourhood identify its strengths and
evaluate its own resources;
BENEFITS OF A NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING PROCESS
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It helps to build consensus about what needs to be
accomplished;
It encourages creativity and builds partnerships
both within and outside the neighbourhood; and,
It enables others to become more informed and
responsive, and can direct the policy and financial
decisions of local government.
BENEFITS OF A NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING PROCESS
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STEPS IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING PROCESS
Establish a Neighbourhood Planning Team of residents,
landlords, business owners, community organizations, localagencies and other neighbourhood stakeholders
1
Develop your neighbourhood Vision by – gathering
information about the area (i.e. the community profile)• describe the neighbourhood’s strengths and weaknesses
• describe its opportunities and assets
2
Based on your neighbourhood assessment and yourcommunity consultation , draft a Vision Statement
3
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STEPS IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING PROCESS
Confirm the vision with your community4
Develop the Action Plan
• Goals
• Objectives
• Action statements
• Measurable indicators
• Project descriptions and budgets
5
Distribute the plan and seek community approval throughopen houses, workshops, meetings, questionnaires, etc. –
formal plan approval by City’s Community Committee
6
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STEPS IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING PROCESS
Implement the plan
• Develop projects
• Develop budgets
• Solicit funding
• Oversee implementation
7
Evaluate the plan using the measurable indicators identified
• What did we do well?
• What have we learned?
• Where do we go from here?
• Review the plan and adjust, if necessary
8
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Should be a distinctive physical area from other clear physical
or conceptual boundaries.
Topographical feature of land such as streams woodland, hill
etc will serve to give its own physical identity with its own
character, distinct form other units.The population size to support service functions, shopping
and primary school to be 5000 and 10000 for secondary
school and other community facilities.
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NEGHBOURHOOD UNIT
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Neighbourhood unit shall have 1000 to 2000 dwelling units,
within clearly defined limits of major roads, railways,
watercourse etc.
Vehicular traffic is minimised so that no child is endangered
in its walk to the school.
Housing to be provided for the wide variety income groups,
each forming a cluster of 50 to 100 dwelling units to maintain
face to face relationship, with immediate common space ofchildren play area and other social activities and local shops.
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NEGHBOURHOOD UNIT
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These clusters to be planned to have their own identity which
could be achieved with different arrangement of grouping,
building heights, colours, materials etc.
The neighbourhood unit’s focal point is the center with main
shopping, branch library, local offices, club and community
buildings and local bus-stop and each of these to be within
10 min. walking distance. The location of the primary schoolsto be within 5 min. walking distance from the residences.
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NEGHBOURHOOD UNIT
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Land requirements for each 10000 population based on
U.D.P.F.I guidelines
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NEGHBOURHOOD UNIT
LANDUSE Ha
Residential 20
Commercial 1
Public and semi-public 4.5
Recreational 6
Transport and communication 5
excluding any natural features 36.5 Ha
Average density 275 person/Ha
Source: Institute of Town Planners, India
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EDUCATION
Nursery School -1 for 2500 persons
For 4NOs X 0.08 Ha =.32 Ha
Primary School -1 for 4000 persons
For 2.5NOs X 0.04 Ha =1 Ha
Secondary School -1 for 7500
persons
For 1.33NOs X 1.6 Ha =2.21Ha
HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
DISPENSARIES 1N = .48Ha
SOCIO CULTURAL FACILITIES
COMMUNITY ROOM
2X.66 Ha=.132 Ha
COMMUNITY HALL + LIBRARY =.20 HA
COMMERCIAL CENTER FOR FORMAL, INFORMAL GENERAL
RETAIL SERVICE AND REPAIR
CLUSTER CENTERS
2.5x880 SQ. M=.22 Ha
SECTOR CENTER.5x 6000 SQ. M=.3 Ha
OTHERS ETC. =.45 Ha
RECREATIONAL FACILITES @ 6 SQ. M /PERSON = 6 Ha
RESIDENTIAL AREA AT NET DENSITY OF 500 PER/Ha= 20Ha
Source: Institute of Town Planners, India
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Neighborhood Unit of 7,000 Population
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NEGHBOURHOOD UNIT
LANDUSE SPACE REQUIREMENTS/DESIGN CRITERIA Ha
Housing 1,400 dwelling units at a theoretical 30
units/hectare grouped in cells of 10 units. Densities
will vary from 10 U.P.H. to 60 U.P.H.
46.0
Primary schools,school facilities
•
3 Primary school sites per neighbourhood, each1.6 ha, with nursery 4.8 facilities
•2 Primary schools represent 4 streams of pupils
•1 Primary school would accommodate a single
stream, but would be combined with a Community
Education Centre (CEC); the
assembly hall and basic CEC facilities would be builtimmediately.
4.8
Project Planning Associates Limited, Toronto, Canada
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Neighborhood Unit of 7,000 Population
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NEGHBOURHOOD UNIT
LANDUSE SPACE REQUIREMENTS/DESIGN CRITERIA Ha
Sports
(included in school
allocations above)
Sports facilities include:
•1 - Football/soccer field (grass) 50 x 70 m; north-
south orientation
•1 — Multi-purpose paved area, containing 2
basketball courts at 20x30m•1 — Field sports area, containing broad jump pit —
5 x 20 m; high jump pit — 5 x 20 m; pole vault pit —
5 x 20 m
•1 — Track — included around the periphery of
football/soccer
field.
46.0
Project Planning Associates Limited, Toronto, Canada
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Neighborhood Unit of 7,000 Population
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NEGHBOURHOOD UNIT
LANDUSE SPACE REQUIREMENTS/DESIGN CRITERIA Ha
Playground
(included in school
allocations above)
Play space approximately 10 x 30 m unpaved.
Contains creative building area and facilities, which
allow for swimming, jumping, sliding and climbing
activities. Shade/sun variations desirable. Water
supply and sand pit essential.
46.0
Garden (Shamba)
(Included in school
allocations above)
Fruit/vegetable area
Flower area
Site should be approximately 30 x 30 m with good
sun orientation.
Requires equipment storage shed, water supply and
perhaps security.
Project Planning Associates Limited, Toronto, Canada
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Neighborhood Unit of 7,000 Population
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NEGHBOURHOOD UNIT
LANDUSE SPACE REQUIREMENTS/DESIGN CRITERIA Ha
Passive study/sitting
areas
(included in school
allocation Above)
Small scale spaces interspersed throughout the
school site.
Flowering plants with shade trees desirable along
with good ventilation, benches and quiet sites.
Nursery school
(included in school
allocation above)
Associated with, or part of primary school.
Preferably one per school.
Community facilities included in primary school.
Clinic Located in conjunction with primary school.
Library Located in primary school.
TANU Branch Office Included near the CEC.
Project Planning Associates Limited, Toronto, Canada
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Neighborhood Unit of 7,000 Population
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NEGHBOURHOOD UNIT
LANDUSE SPACE REQUIREMENTS/DESIGN CRITERIA Ha
Dukas, including one
sub post office in a
duka
15-20 dukas on sites throughout the
neighbourhood and adjacent to the CEC. Total floor
area 1000 to 1500 m2
0.5
Small workshop,
handicrafts and
service area
Related to the CEC. Approximately 0.4 hectares,
including 1,200 m3 of storage floor area.
0.4
Churches, Mosques One per neighbourhood at 0.4 ha each. Proper
landscape development and parking to be
accommodated on site.
0.4
Bicycle/walkways in
linear open space
Safe, convenient routes, interconnecting the entire
neighbourhood
Standards variable, depending on site conditions.
2.0
Project Planning Associates Limited, Toronto, Canada
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Neighborhood Unit of 7,000 Population
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NEGHBOURHOOD UNIT
LANDUSE SPACE REQUIREMENTS/DESIGN CRITERIA Ha
Passive park areas Park-like, landscaped areas of 2.5 ha per
neighbourhood for informal leisure time pursuits.
2.5
Playing fields included in primary school allocation. 0.4
Sports clubs:
•tennis
•swimming, etc.
•lawn
•active parks reserv
Convenient sites related to the primary schools.
2 ha reserve is recommended.
2.0
Project Planning Associates Limited, Toronto, Canada
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Neighborhood Unit of 7,000 Population
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NEGHBOURHOOD UNIT
LANDUSE SPACE REQUIREMENTS/DESIGN CRITERIA Ha
Local and collector
roads
Allow 6.4
% Right of way foradjacent major
collector roads and
bus way
Allow 5
shambas In addition to those at the school sites, shambas
will be located outside the neighbourhood, but no
allocation is made for these here.
2.0
Total Land Area in Neighbourhood 70
Project Planning Associates Limited, Toronto, Canada
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NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
CASE : CHANDIGARH
The master plan for the
new town was prepared by
Architect Le Corbusier
assisted by Maxwell Fry and
Jane Drew of England. The
master plan aimed to
accommodate about
1,50,000 persons with
future expansion up toabout 5,00,000 persons.
1. Capital Complex
2. City Center
3. University
4. Industrial Area
5. Grain and Tiber Market
6. Lake
7. Town
CHANDIGARH -MASTER PLAN
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PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
Chandigarh is planned on the principle superblock and aretermed “SECTORS”.
Each sector measures about 1.21km in Length and 0.81 km
in width.
The rectangular Sectors are framed with the layout of Grid
of the main roads.
Each sector accommodates population ranging from 15,000to 25,000 depending upon the exact area of the block and
the density of development adopted.
CASE : CHANDIGARH
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PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
There are usually three to four neighbourhood units ineach block.
Le –corbusier conceptualized the idea of the design of
Chandigarh from the human body. The government
building forms the head; the business area or commercialcentre is the heart; the university area and the museum
are the brain; the industrial areas are the hands, the leisure
valley and parks are the lungs, the roads are the arteries.
CASE : CHANDIGARH
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URBAN ORGNAISATION
He gave the differentiation between means of locomotionand the hierarchy within the road grid.
His previous theories led him to distinguish four functions
of planning i.e. living, working, care of the body and spirit
and circulation.
The location of capital consists of four main government
buildings, situated at the northern end of the town; the
buildings are the Assembly hall, the Secretariat, the Highcourt and the Governor's palace.
CASE : CHANDIGARH
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URBAN ORGNAISATION
The Southern sector is reserved for the industrialdevelopment and is segregated by a wide green belt from
the residential zone.
The central sector contains the city's civic and commercial
buildings which serves to all the residential sectors.
The cultural centre with the university in a park is situated
in the north-west side.
Thus the city plan contains clear and well defined "URBAN
ORGANISATION CENTRES".
CASE : CHANDIGARH
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INTERACTIVE MAP OF CHANDIGARH
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NEIGHBOURHOOD AS AN URBAN SPACE
Each sector is bisected on its long axis by a strip ofcontinuous open space or green strip for recreation and on
its shorter axis, by a street called the bazaar street
containing local shops, market, and recreation buildings.
The cycle tracks and footpaths are accommodated in greenstrip and thus they are segregated from the main
thoroughfares.
Schools, health centers etc. are located in the interior ofeach sector so that children and others need not cross the
main roads for their normal daily requirements.
CASE : CHANDIGARH
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NEIGHBOURHOOD AS AN URBAN SPACE
The sector contains the schools,
shops, clinics, clubs, socialcenters, places of worship etc.
and is virtually a self contained
unit, as an urban space, for city
planning.
The larger public buildings are
well distributed in the town in
suitable locations and some of
them are placed in the town
centre.
CASE : CHANDIGARH
Urban Spaces in Sector
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COMPARING WITH GUIDELINES
Landuse % Area
( CHANDIGARH)
% Area
( U.D.P.F.I)
Residential
Commercial
64.82 57.5
industrial 5.04 -
Public and semi-public 8.92 12.32
Recreational - 16.43
Transport 1.12 13.69
Agricultural and water body 9.96 -
Special area 9.65 -
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THANK YOU
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