Nederpop Dicky Gilbers What is Pop Music; what are the sources? 50s Rock and Roll No Dutch R ‘n’...

NederpopDicky Gilbers

• What is Pop Music; what are the sources?• 50s Rock and Roll• No Dutch R ‘n’ R• Radio Veronica• Waves in Pop• 60s -70s: The Dutch follow• 80: “Pop in je moerstaal”• 90: The Dutch lead: Dance & Gabber• 2005: Nederpop State of Art

Outline

• Pop = Popular Music

definition 60 -70: music from and for young people

• in the eyes of admirers of serious music: foolishness that will pass

• it didn’t!• not restricted to young people anymore

What is Pop Music ?

• Why do we start Pop Music in the 50s?

50s: post-war prosperity; standard of life higher

young people emancipate

• youth: physical maturity earlier; social maturity later• more independent• they are a new “audience” and they want their own

sub-culture; their own clothes and music

What is Pop Music?

• History Lesson: every time when a new audience emancipates, this is accompanied by a new kind of music:

• emancipation Christians: Gregorian music• 10th -11th century: rise of nobility: secular music by

troubadours• 16th-17th century: rise of the upper middle classes:

concerts; opera• early 19th century: rise of the lower middle classes:

light music; songs• early 20th century: rise of the working classes: jazz• 50s: rise of the adolescents: rock and roll; pop

• New music should be simple, but different enough to be peculiar to the group; made by the same kind of people: simple, spontaneous adolescents enjoying life (Spectrum, Muzieklexicon Th. Willemze)

• simple, rebellious, exciting (Spectrum, Popmuziek, JvdPlas)

• early 50s: Jazz -just like classical music - had developed too

far; the artistic level was too high for a large audience• early 50s: The traditional commercial music (Doris Day-Frank

Sinatra) was music for your parents• Breeding ground for new music: Rock and Roll

Characteristics of ‘new music’:

Rock ‘n’ Roll

Little Richard

• from 1900:– Ragtime; Gospel; Blues & Folk

Pop Music: The Sources

Southern States of USA

• from 1900:– Ragtime; Gospel; Blues & Folk

– ragtime developed into New Orleans and Chicago Jazz

Ragtime: classical harmonies;

characteristic: virtuosity, syncopic piano playing

Scott Joplin: The Entertainer

Pop Music: The Sources

• from 1900:– Ragtime; Gospel; Blues & Folk

Gospel: religious, part-singing music;

characteristic: question-answer singing

Pop Music: The Sources

John & Alan Lomax Recordings

influence on doowop music

• from 1900:– Ragtime; Gospel; Blues & Folk

Blues: simple songs of lamentation, accompanied by guitar or piano (Southern states USA);

characteristic: three chords; 12 bars; AAB lyrics

Robert Johnson: Ramblin’ on my mind

1912-1938

Pop Music: The Sources

developed into Rhythm & Blues

• from 1900:– Ragtime; Gospel; Blues & Folk

Folk: Originally, folk music on rhyme carried over from generation to generation; simple accompaniment

Woody Guthrie (1940): Goin’ down the road feelin’ bad

Pop Music: The Sources

developed into Country & Western

• 1950:• Rock ‘n’ Roll allegedly developed from

Rhythm & Blues and Country & Western (Louis Jordan) (Hank

Williams)

Rock ‘n’ Roll

• ..that is a simplification:

• Rock and roll was an inevitable outgrowth of the social and musical interactions between blacks and whites in the South and Southwest. Its roots are a complex tangle.

(source: Rolling Stone History of R&R)

• Gospel influenced Blues Dutch participation?

• Blues influenced Folk

• Black pop and blues influenced Jazz, etc.

Rock ‘n’ Roll

Rock ‘n’ Roll

Chuck Berry

Jerry Lee Lewis Carl PerkinsEverly Brothers

1936-1959

Buddy Holly Little Richard

1956-1958: Elvis Presley

Jailhouse rock, 1957

Mystery train

Colonel Tom Parker

Dutchman:

Andreas Cornelius Van Kuijk (1909-1997)

DJs Alan Freed & Dick Clark

• National DJs brought R ‘n’ R to the youth (payola)

Philadelphia

American Bandstand

1953: Cleveland Radio:

Moondog Show

1954: New York:

WINS

Commercial R ‘n’ R

• New music always starts as simple and exciting music

• New music always starts as simple and exciting music

• As soon as this music seems to be marketable, the music industry interferes

Commercial R ‘n’ R

• New music always starts as simple and exciting music

• As soon as this music seems to be marketable, the music industry interferes

• They get rid of the rough edges and the music will be brought tailor-made to the largest possible audience

In 1959 the exciting R ‘n’ R was all over

Commercial R ‘n’ R

Early 60s

Fabian

Annette Funicello

Connie FrancisDJ Dick Clark

With Fabian, Brian Hyland, Frankie Avalon, Billy Fury, Bobby Vee, Annette Funicello, Eddie Hodges, Connie Francis, Ray Peterson, Lesley Gore, Cliff Richard, etc. back to the times of Doris Day

The Netherlands

Pop in the Netherlands before ‘56

1920s: The Ramblers cf. The Big Bands of Duke Ellington

and Count Basie

Popular in the Netherlands in and after the war:

Eddy ChristianiJohnny & Jones

Kilima Hawaians

Eddy Christiani

imported the first electric guitar

Dutch R ‘n’ R?

Radio didn’t play R ‘n’ R: no Alan Freeds & Dick ClarksNo proper recording studios (American hits covered)

The Fouryo’s

Peter en zijn RocketsRia Valk (no difference with e.g. Eddy Christiani)

Peter Koelewijn

59

Indo Rock

Tielman Brothers (since 1956)

Andy’s boogie

The Blue Diamonds

Till I kissed you

(1960) Ramona

Tielman Brothers

The Hague

Driebergen

Indonesian bands brought exciting music to The Hague

Early 60s

Cliff Richard & The Shadows were quite popular

– Rob de Nijs & The Lords - Ritme van de regen (1963)

– Johnny Lion & The Jumping Jewels - Sophietje (1965)

There were no teen stars; the artists were loved by young and old

Dutch popmusic didn’t start in the 50s; it started in 1964

1962

LiverpoolG11sus4

Merseybeat 1962-1965

The Beatles The Swinging Blue Jeans The Searchers

Gerry & the Pacemakers

February 9 1964: Beatles performed twice on the Ed Sullivan show

March 1964: Billboard ‘Hot 100’#1 Can’t buy me love

#2 Twist and shout

#3 She loves you

#4 I want to hold your hand

#5 Please please me

Beat Conquers the World

Interest from the rest of the world including The Netherlands

Beatlemania

Beat in The Netherlands

June 5 1964: Beatles in Holland– performance in Blokker: 25 minutes– first singles were no hits in the Netherlands; now Beatlemania– end of 64: She loves you & I want to hold your hand were the first hits– Willem Duys refused to let the Beatles perform on the famous

Grand Gala du Disque show for Hfl. 1500 (too expensive)

August 8 1964: Rolling Stones in Kurhaus– after a couple of minutes they were forced to stop, because fans

smashed up the furniture– support act The Ricochets (Robbie van Leeuwen) a.o.

Radio Pirates

• Radio: Dutch Public Radio Broadcast didn’t play R ‘n’ R

however: Radio London

Radio Caroline

reached the Dutch youth

Radio Veronica

owners: Bull, Dirk & Jaap Verweij

offshore station (Scheveningen) 1960: programming conventional

broadcasting from international waters

1964: programme director Joost den Draaijer noticed the success of Radio Caroline & Radio London

He got permission to set up a commercial

radio station programming Pop Music

Willem van Kooten (Joost den Draaijer)

Veronica

First Hitparade Jan. 1965Beatles on 1 (I feel fine)

Popular DJs: Lex Harding, Tineke de Nooij, Tom Collins, Rob Out

They also played a lot of original Dutch Music (payola)Television

Beat from Holland

The Hague: Beat city #1

Golden Earrings

The Hague

Q65Motions

London 1965: Mods

Carnaby street

TwiggyVespa

Stax

Beat from HollandThe Hague

Motions

We fell in love (b-side)

It’s gone (#39 in Top 40 for 1 wk)

Wasted words

Everything that’s mine (recorded in England)

Why don’t you take it

64

65

66

Beat from Holland

Golden Earrings

The Hague

Please go

That day

Sound of a screaming day

Dong-dong-diki-digi-dong

Just a little bit of piece in my heart

Not to find

Started in 1961

Still Active

Same Line up since 1969

65

66

67

68

Beat from Holland

Q65

You’re the victor

The life I live

Cry in the night (b-side)

(cf. Pretty Things )

I despise you

From above

65

66

67

The Hague

Beat from Holland

ZoeterwoudeVoorburg

Delft

na-Na-na Capital punishment

True love that’s a wonder

flower power: Not just a flower in your hair

We will be there after tea

Joint house blues

Love song to Mother Nature

Hu & The Hilltops: Cry me a river Don’t you leave

Tee Set

After TeaSandy CoastShoes

71

The Hague & neighbourhood

Beat from HollandAmsterdam

ZZ & De Maskers

Hunters

ZenIk heb genoeg van jou

Dracula

Brand new Caddilac

Russian Spy and I

Ik heb geen zin om op te staan

flower power: Hair

Johnny and his Cellar Rockers

Beat from HollandAmsterdam

Outsiders

Lying all the time

Thinkin’ about today (b-side)

(Drums & Guitars speeded up)

cf. Beatles

Keep on trying

That’s your problem (b-side)

Touch

66

Relax label

Willem Duys

Beat from the Province

Baarn

Oude Pekela

Eindhoven

Such a cad

I’ll go crazy

Roadrunner

Someday I’m somebody

cf. Pretty Things

Flower Power

Most groups transformed from beat groups (1966) into flower power acts (1967) (or disappeared)

Outsiders 1967:Summer is here

Motions 1967: You’re my adee

Les Baroques 1967: Love is the sun

Groep 1950: Mother no head

Dragonfly: Celestial dreams

Mod Motions

Flower Power Motions

Protest Songs

influenced by

Bob Dylan

Boudewijn de Groot:

Welterusten meneer de President

Het land van Maas en Waal

Waterdrager

Armand: Ben ik te min

Blues from HollandGrolloBeverwijk

‘t Gooi

Voorburg

Margio

When people talk

Wang dang doodle

cf. Blues Magoos

Ridin’ on the L&N The Dutch Rolling Stones

There was also a strong blues (rock) wave; influenced by John Mayall; John Lee Hooker; Willy Dixon, etc.

Flavium

Blues from HollandGrollo

Zwolle

You can’t leave the past behind

Blues Dimension

Get ready

Somebody will know someday

Distant smile Simple man

Window of my eyes Sometimes

Soul from HollandRotterdam

Swinging Soul Machine

Free

Spooky’s day off

Lonesome tree

Old Black Magic

Keep in touch

The Machine

Casey & The Pressure Group

PalingpopVolendam

Sure he’s a cat

One way windEels for Airplay

Hits from Holland 1970

Venus

#1 in US

#3 in Holland

Tee Set - Ma belle amie

George Baker Selection- Little green bag

Shocking Blue

69

69

Jerry Ross Colossus Records

Hits from Holland 69-70

Venus

(bubble gum)

cf. Who Beatles

The Big Three

Mighty Joecf. Everly Brothers

Love Buzz

cf. Nirvana

Galaxy-Lin: no guitars

Shocking Blue

69

70

From Down Under & The Hague

Easybeats (with Dutchmen Harry Vanda (Berg) & Dicky Diamond)

Friday on my mind

Good time

1966

Harry vd Berg: 1st Dutch composer with an international Beat-Hit

1. It starts as simple, energetic, rebellious music

2. It develops: higher artistic levels

3. It gets too serious and too complicated for a large audience (cf. development of Jazz: )

Waves in Pop

Exotic instruments in Pop: cf. Indian sitar in ‘Norwegian wood’

‘Classic’ instruments in ‘In my life’ ??

Baroque

Progressive Rock

Pop Music changed fast: in the late sixties/early seventies progressive rock emerged

hard-rock/blues rock: Cream-Led Zeppelin

symphonic rock: Yes-Genesis

folk rock: Fairport Convention-Strawbs

Dutch bands followed

Symphonic Rock

Ekseption: Peace Planet

cf. Nice/ELP

Alquin: Wheelchair Groupie

LA Rendez-vous

Kayak: Mammoth

Starlight Dancer

Solution: Chappaqua

Supersister: She was naked

Earth & Fire: Seasons

Wild and exciting

70

73

74

70

69

73

Progressive Rock

Melodic hard-rock: Down Man

Dark Rose

To you

Between alpha and omega

House of the king

Hocus Pocus

Sylvia

69

70

72

73

Progressive Rock

Kaz Lux: Miss Franklin Blues

Eli (with Jan Akkerman)

Tranquilizers

Early 70s Rock

Blue Planet - I’m going man I’m going Golden Earring became a very successful

hard-rock group

1973: Radar Love

1982: Twilight Zone

70

Folk Rock

Looking for the constituent

parts of R ‘n’ R

separately

CCC Inc.: Jigsaw Puzzle

cf. Incredible StringbandFungus: Kaap’ren Varen

cf. Steeleye Span

7175

“In je moerstaal” 70s

Bots

Cornelis Vreeswijk

Polle Eduard

Pioneers

Veronica vs. Noordzee

Alarmschijf vs. TreiterschijfPublisher Nanada Music Publisher Basartowned by Van Kooten they co-owned Radio Noordzee

it was possible to make deals

with the commercial stations

The Dutch Government wanted to close the stations down, but tolerated the pirates

probably because of their popularityWillem van Kooten (Joost den Draaijer)

Corruption

Veronica vs. Noordzee

Veronica paid Noordzee Hfl 1.000.000 to cease broadcasting

They accepted, but continued broadcasting

1971: Attack on Radio Noordzee: engine room exploded

it turned out to be by order of Bull Verweij, the director of Veronica

The End: August 31st 1974

Bull VerweijRob Out

Also the end for a lot of theprogressive Dutch Rock Bands

Rivals

Hilversum III

Hilversum didn’t play

ProgRock music

Some bands changed their repertoire:BZN: from rock to commercial pop (cp)

George Baker Selection: from Tex-Mex to cp

Dizzy Man’s Band: from progrock to cp

70

66 76

74

it was not possible to make deals with the commercial stations (?)

72 75

Split Pop - Rock

Vandenbergjoined Whitesnake

Dieselnot a hit in the Netherlands

hit in America 80

7078

74

Pop bands had the hits; Rock bands became more and more

underground bands

82

International Hits

Bas Muys - the Dutch John LennonSinger of the Dutch group Smyle - It’s gonna be alright

(because they already had a hit record in the Netherlands, the English group Smile was forced to change their name)

80

77

76

producer Jaap Eggermondex-Golden Earrings drummer

• 1976: superstars such as Mick Jagger, Rod Stewart & Elton John play soccer stadiums

• Symphonic Rock (Yes, Genesis, Camel) became boring:

Rick Wake-me-up-when-it’s-over-man• Commercial Disco is not meant for music lovers: I'm a dancing fool (Zappa)• Economic and social crisis in England

breeding ground for the punk revolution

Panic for the generation who reacted from the music of the former generation and thought that pop music was theirs

State of affairs in 1976-1977

When pop music becomes too pretentious or commercial, there will always be a tendency for simplification: back to simple structures; simple chords and above all back to fun

second generation conflict

Punk

Rock ‘n’ Roll has to be fun; street music

no artistic pretensions

elementary, loud music

aggressive lyrics

Ripped clothes; colored hair; safety pins

London

The Punk movement finished off most of the pretentious groups of the 70s:

Pop magazines focus on New Wave and the trendy public drops bands such as Camel, Yes, Caravan, ELP, etc. (Dinosaurs)

1976-1977

Punk Revolution

cf. Romantics not another world war (punk)

habba dabba wiri kiri (ska)

pretpunk ’80s

Ivy Green

Urban Heroes

The Meteors

The Rousers

Dutch Punk is underground music;

not on Hilversum III; no hits

Flying Spiderz Speedtwins

Ferdinand Bakker (Alquin)

Boegies

86

Groninger Springtij 78-79

White Honey: Nothing going on in the city

Wild Romance:

Rock ‘n’ Roll Junkie

Saturday night

Phoney & The Hardcore:

Pick up

New Adventures:

Come on

albums by Plant; Streetbeats; Boozy; Djinn ; Plot

Pub Rock

78

79

79

79

79

Herman Brood

By order of the municipality pubs had to close after midnight unless they had live music

Pub Rock vs. Disco

Vitesse Rosalin

Powerplay Make it alone

Gruppo Sportivo Superman

Hey Girl

Time Bandits Endless Road

Fox the Fox Precious Little Diamond

77

78

82

82

Sweet d’Buster

Mr Albert Show

Still believe

It takes a lot of time

No more cricket

Transister: The Clock

Traditional

78

Nits

Yes or No

Tutti Ragazzi

Nescio

In the Dutch Mountains

From New Wave to Typical

European Art Rock

87

79

Merseybeat

cf. Kraftwerk

Tapes

Mecano

Doe Maar:

Is dit alles

Doris Day

De Bom

cf. Police Ska

Frank Boeijen: Kronenburg park

Het Goede Doel: België

Toontje lager

82

Toontje lager 83

Tröckener Kecks

83The Scene 90

“In je moerstaal” 80s

MTV

expensive clips; multi-media total productsless chances for Dutch rock bands; low budgets

1981

80s

Fatal Flowers

Bettie Serveert

I Spy International Feel

The Dutch This is Welfare

Another Sunny Day

Claw boys claw

not on MTV or Hilversum III; no hits

1975: share national product in hitparade 30%

1989: 12%

Weekend at Waikiki

Social Security

Dialects

Normaal cf. Status Quo

Skik cf. Booker T.

Rowwen Hèze cf. Los Lobos

Twarres De Kast01

77

96

Skik

Normaal

Rowwen HèzeTwarres

no international pretensions

“In je moerstaal” 90s-00s

Acda & De Munnik

Marco Borsato

René FrogerMotown Rhythm

André Hazes

Commercial Pop on Hilversum III; hits

Gerard Joling

Gordon

“In je moerstaal” 90s-00s

Mag het licht uit

Als ze er niet isLaat het vanavond gebeuren cf. Neville Bros

De Dijk

Van Dik Hout

9494

Blöf cf.

Counting Crows

hard working bands

Dance

1988: House - Hiphop

1990: Techno

1992: Gabber

1993: 2 Unlimited

2001: DJ Tiësto

2 Unlimited

Def Rhymz DJ TiëstoPostmenAli BOsdorp Posse

Brainpower

Vengaboys

(inter)national success

third generation conflict

Cross-Over

Urban Dance Squad Fast Lane

Deeper Shade of Soul

cf. Run DMC

89

Cross-Over

Junkie XL + Elvis02

international success

State of Art

Complete Control

Star maker

Idols Pop rivals

Jamai 03 Boris 04

at this moment: back to 1960

1st Prize:

#1 hit

Girl power 90s

Nobody’s wife

Are U Kiddin’ me

Ilse de Lange

Total Touch

Ellen ten Damme

Anouk

hope for the future

90

Candy Dulfer

Bands 00sCaesar

04The YearlingsKane

Di-rect

Spinvis

Independent labels: Excelsior

Bands produce records on their own

Club circuit seems dead

Gothic 1998

Lemming (pre Gothic)

Within Temptation

Subculture Image

Sounds like 70s symphonic rock

74

State of ArtWaiting for new excitement

Development of dance

Cross-over

Change Programming Public Radio

Teach the Radio DJs

New (Internet) Radio Stations

State of ArtHyves/MySpace

Sellaband: try to find “believers in you”

(worldwide on the net) who’ll finance your album

Major companies only sign acts if they share the rights

on merchandising/gigs

NederpopDicky Gilbers

Popquiz

1962

Biggest hits in the Netherlands in 1962:

• Willy Scholten - Mexico• Connie Froboess - Zwei kleiner Italiener• Anneke Grönloh - Brandend zand ; Paradiso

Early 60s

Television

• Television: Youth Programs:

tijd voor teenagers; tieners en twens; top of flop; tussen 10+ en 20-

Herman Stok

Radio