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ND3321
SYSTIMAX���� STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEMS(SCS)
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
LESSON 1
OVERVIEW
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
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ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
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Table of Contents
OVERVIEW------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
Synopsis --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
Objectives------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
EVOLUTION OF CUSTOMER NEEDS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Problems of unstructured wiring -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
SYSTIMAX Structured Cabling Solutions ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
Virtues of Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Wire-------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Unbalanced Transmission ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
Balanced Transmission ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF UTP --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
Effects of Attenuation --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
Effects of Near End Crosstalk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
Pair-to-Pair NEXT------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
PowerSum NEXT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
Far end Cross Talk (FEXT) and Equal Level FEXT-------------------------------------------------------- 21
Delay------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23
Return Loss---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25
How a “shield” works --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
Effects of Tight Twists -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29
1061/2061/3061 High Performance Cables -------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
1071/2071/3071 GigaSPEED™ High Performance Cables------------------------------------------------- 31
1081/2081/3081 GigaSPEED™ High Performance Cables------------------------------------------------- 32
EIA/TIA-568-A CABLE CATEGORIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
Mbps vs. MHz ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 36
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
iv
FIBRE DESIGNS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 39
62.5/125 µµµµm Enhanced Multimode Fibre---------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
OptiSPEED plus fibre --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
LazrSPEED™ High speed Multi mode fibre ----------------------------------------------------------------- 41
8.3/125 µµµµm Singlemode Fibre ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 42
Optical Loss --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
Optical bandwidth ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
Optical bandwidth for LazrSPEED™ fibres ----------------------------------------------------------------- 49
AVAYA COMMUNICATION SYSTIMAX STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEMS (SCS)----------- 51
Work Area Subsystem -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
Horizontal Subsystem --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
Riser Backbone Subsystem--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57
Administration Subsystem --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
Equipment Subsystem--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61
Campus Subsystem ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 63
TIA/EIA-568-A BUILDING WIRING STANDARD ----------------------------------------------------------- 65
OTHER STANDARDS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67
AVAYA COMMUNICATION SYSTIMAX SCS APPLICATIONS ---------------------------------------- 69
VOICE APPLICATIONS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73
Analogue Voice Application-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73
Digital Voice Application ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77
Remote Switch Module Application ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79
TERMINAL-TO-HOST DATA APPLICATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------- 81
LOCAL AREA NETWORK APPLICATIONS ----------------------------------------------------------------- 83
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
v
IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T Network Application----------------------------------------------------------------- 93
IEEE 802.3 10BASE-FL Network Application--------------------------------------------------------------- 95
IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Network Application --------------------------------------------------------------- 97
ATM Forum UTP application --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103
SUMMARY----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 108
LESSON 1 SYSTIMAX SCS OVERVIEW QUIZ ------------------------------------------------------------ 109
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
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ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 1
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Overview
Synopsis
In this lesson, the student is introduced to the concept of apremises cabling system, and in particular to the primary qualitiesof a structured cabling system. The basic rules governing astructured cabling system are discussed, and the student learnsabout the SYSTIMAX Structured Cabling System (SCS) and howit adheres to those rules.
Objectives
1. List three problems with conventional wiring systems, whichhave led users to migrate to UTP.
2. Cite the virtues of UTP.
3. Explain the difference between a balanced circuit and anunbalanced circuit.
4. Describe the effects of attenuation and crosstalk.
5. Explain the difference between the pair-to-pair and powersumNEXT measuring methods.
6. Describe the two different fibre designs allowed bySYSTIMAX SCS.
7. List the six subsystems, which comprise the AvayaCommunication SYSTIMAX SCS.
8. Given a list of Avaya Communication products, cite theproducts, which are certified by SYSTIMAX SCS.
9. Look at some examples of applications supported overSYSTIMAX SCS.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 2
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
EVOLUTION OF CUSTOMER NEEDS
20 years ago
Today
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 3
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Evolution of Customer Needs
� View of the recent past
− Dedicated Application Wiring− Proprietary Systems− Central Processing− Voice/Data− Less than 10 Megabit Per Second (Mbps) Data Rates
� Today’s View− Integrated System Wiring− Open Architecture− Distributed Network Computing− Voice/Data/Image/Video− Up to 1Gb/s and Higher
Problems of unstructured wiring
A quick look back reveals that applications have changeddramatically in the last two decades. The rate of change will notdiminish in the future. Customers are demanding an integratedcabling system with open architecture to support their frequentlychanging voice, data, video and imaging applications.
Where unstructured wiring systems are present, the fragmentedcontrol of the various systems within the building, the differencesin topologies and wiring types of these systems, and the lack ofconnectivity between systems make implementing changes due tomoves and rearrangements of staff difficult to do. This leads tohigh cost of these moves.
Even minor changes are difficult when systems using differentwiring types. In other words, proprietary media leads toAdministration problems.
Unstructured wiring systems usually have unstructuredinstallation and record keeping. This means that the complicatedwiring leads to mistakes and time consuming trouble shooting,which leads to increased downtimes of systems.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 4
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
SYSTIMAX® TO SOLVE THE PUZZLE
VOICE
DATA
LAN/WAN
16 Mbps
VIDEO
BMS
1 Gb/sTP.PMD
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 5
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
SYSTIMAX Structured Cabling Solutions
In order to solve the wiring problems caused by the use ofdifferent wire types and connectors, a single, universally acceptedtransmission medium is needed.
The prime quality of a Structured cabling system is:
• Standards compatible
• Consistent design
• Flexible
• Modular
Avaya Communications SYSTIMAX® Structured CablingSystem offers all these features. Our initial offering of PremisesDistribution System in 1985,based on Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP) wire and RJ45 modular outlets, emerged when datacommunications were typically at rates up to 4Mb/s. TheTIA/EIA –568 cabling standard, published in 1991, was actuallypatterned after our Premises Distribution System. This standardwas the model for the ISO/IEC 11801 commercial buildingwiring standard.
With SYSTIMAX® a range of baluns and adapters is available tosupport Systems equipped with coaxial or other incompatible typeof connections. (E.g. 93 Ohm coax, Twinax, etc.)
Today SYSTIMAX® offers the Power Sum or GigaSPEED™solution to provide high-speed data transmission capabilitysuitable for todays and future applications.
The SYSTIMAX OptiSPEED and improved performanceOptiSPEED Plus solution provide a selected, but complete setof fibre products for building structured cabling based on opticalfibres.
The SYSTIMAX LazrSPEED™ solution is an enhanced multimode optical fibre, which provides data rates of up to 10Gb/sover 300 m. LazrSPEED Optical fibres avoid the higher cost ofsingle mode optical fibre systems.
SYSTIMAX Structured cabling systems are backed by a 20-year application and product warranty, accompanied withdetailed performance specifications to provide a secure and futureproof solution to users.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 6
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
VIRTUES OF UTP
Rugged & Easily Installed
Excellent Spatial Efficiency
Balanced Mode Transmission and Pair Twists
•Minimize Outside Interference
•Minimize Radiation
Preferred Media by Standards
Good Information Carrying Capacity
Application Independent
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 7
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Virtues of Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Wire
� UTP wire is rugged and easily installed. Insulationdisplacement technology, such as the 110-connector system,can be used to terminate the UTP pairs. This results insignificant cost and installation time savings when comparedto coaxial cables or STP cables, such as Twinax or Type-1.
� UTP cables also have excellent spatial efficiency or, in other
words, there is high capacity in a very small cable.
� By using balanced mode transmission and pair twists,susceptibility to outside interference is minimised. UTP,especially the new high performance UTP, is capable ofsupporting higher data rates associated with applicationsinstalled in today’s office environment. These high data ratescan be transmitted for long distances (100 m).
� Another major advantage of UTP is that it is application
independent. Application independent transmission mediaallows a cabling system to be designed independent of thesupported applications. It offers the flexibility needed tosupport new applications without re-cabling.
� Standards bodies now consider UTP as the transmission mediaof choice.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 8
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
UNBALANCED TRANSMISSION
Transmitter Receiver
+ N+ N
External Noise
+ 2 V + 2 V+ N
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 9
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Unbalanced Transmission
� In unbalanced transmission, or one-side-groundedtransmission, one of the two conductors making up the pair isgrounded at one or both ends. This type of transmissionworks well at low data rates for short distances in noise freeenvironments. However, noise can be picked up from externalsources such as the ballast used to control fluorescent lights,pencil sharpeners, paper shredders, etc. This noise isinterpreted as data by the receiver and causes errors.
� EIA-232 in its raw form uses unbalanced transmission.Therefore, if extended to long distances in noisyenvironments, there may be problems.
� One way to avoid this is to use shielded cables, therebyreducing the cable's susceptibility to external noise.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 10
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
BALANCED TRANSMISSION
Transmitter Receiver+ N+ N
External Noise
+ 2 V + 1 V+ N+ 1 V
-1 V
+ 2 V
-1 V+ N
+ E -E
Net Emission ~ 0
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 11
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Balanced Transmission
� A much less expensive way of avoiding external interferenceis to use a balanced transmission. In balanced transmission,small transformers or "Baluns" are used to isolate the cablefrom the electronics and only pass the difference of the signalonto the cable. Since the two conductors of a pair are so closetogether and neither conductor is grounded, the amount ofnoise picked up by one conductor of a pair is about the sameas the amount of noise picked up by the other conductor. Thetwisting of a pair, especially when using tight twists,improves this even more, thereby virtually guaranteeing thatthe amount of noise picked up by each conductor is virtuallyidentical. The Balun at the interface to the receiver onlyallows the difference of the signal to pass through.Therefore, only the desired data signal is passed through andthe undesired noise is rejected. This, of course, assumes that ahigh quality Balun from a reputable manufacturer is beingused.
� Radiated emission, or the amount of energy that radiates fromcable, is also a concern. If the radiated emission (oftenreferred to as Electro Magnetic Interference [EMI]) of asystem is excessive, it may cause interference to otherservices, such as broadcast television. To minimise this, theFederal Communication Commission, FCC, (CISPR-22 forInternational applications) has placed stringent maximumallowances on systems.
� In a balanced system, where one conductor of a pair has theexact opposite data signal from the other conductor, the fieldgenerated by one conductor is virtually cancelled by the fieldgenerated by the other conductor. This is because the twoconductors of a pair are so close to each other. In a systemthat uses well-balanced electronics and well-balanced cables,the FCC's limits on maximum emission allowances can easilybe met.
� To summarise, in office environments, the use of balancedtransmission with well-balanced electronics and cableseliminates the need for shielding the pairs as a preventivemeasure against external interference and radiated emission.
EFFECTS OF ATTENUATION
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 12
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Transmitter Receiver
Transmitted Signal Received Signal
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 13
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Technical Aspects of UTP
Effects of Attenuation
� Attenuation is caused by two factors:
− Copper loss, which is unavoidable and the same for all24-gauge 100 Ohm twisted pairs.
− Dielectric loss, or dissipation, due to the insulation andjacketing materials used on the conductors and the cable.
� Minimising the dissipation loss of the insulating andjacketing materials is important to minimise the cable'sattenuation. The dissipation factor is a relative measurementof a material's loss.
� Looking at all of the typical materials used in cables, theoptimum two are Polyethylene and Teflon.
� These are the insulating materials used in AvayaCommunication high performance cables, namely the1061,2061,1071, 2071, 1081, and 2081 series. A fireretardant version of polyethylene is used for the non-plenum1061, 1071, and 1081 cables. Because of its low flamespread and smoke spread properties, Teflon is used in theplenum rated 2061, 2071, and 2081 cables.
� Attenuation is usually expressed in dB (decibel) per unitlength (e.g., dB/Km) and is a measure of how much a signalis weakened or reduced in amplitude as it travels down acable. The higher the attenuation (loss) of a cable, the smalleror weaker the received signal becomes, thus, low loss in acable is desirable. Decibels are a logarithmic factor. A3dB/Km loss results in reducing the power of the signal byone-half every Kilometre. The lower the loss per unit lengthof the cable is, the longer distance the signal can be sent.
� Most Local Area Network (LAN) applications are two pairsystems where one pair is used to transmit data to anotherdevice and the other pair is used to receive data from theother device. This leads to another critical cable parameter,Near End Crosstalk (NEXT).
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 14
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
EFFECTS OF NEAR END CROSSTALK
Transmitter Receiver
Receiver Transmitter
Crosstalk
Undesired noise(caused by crosstalk) Two pairs inside
the same cable
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 15
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Effects of Near End Crosstalk
� Near End Crosstalk (NEXT) refers to the undesired couplingof signals from the transmit pair onto the receive pair. NEXTisolation is expressed in dB and is a measure of how well thepairs in a cable are isolated from each other.
� The higher (larger value in dB) the NEXT isolation of a cableis, the lower the undesired coupling onto other pairs thereforethe better the cable.
� NEXT is frequency dependant, meaning that more energy istransferred to the adjacent pair (NEXT value becomes lower)as the frequency becomes higher.
� Crosstalk is determined strictly by the twist length algorithmused for the pairs. In general the shorter the twist length(tighter twists) the better the crosstalk separation.
� NEXT values can also be affected by the installationpractices. The primary causes of poor NEXT performance aresplit pairs, untwisted pairs, splices, bundling cables or patchcords too tightly, transpositions and poor modular plug/jackperformance.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 16
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Pair-to-Pair NEXT
Disturbing Pair Disturbed Pair
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 17
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Pair-to-Pair NEXT
� The pair-to-pair method is good for small pair-count cables(i.e. 4-pair or less). The measurement assumes one disturbingpair and determines the amount of signal coupled into otherpairs in the cable (i.e. NEXT)
� This is the method used by hand held testers, which therefore
report six test results (1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 2-3, 2-4, 3-4) � Cable NEXT = Worst Pair-to-Pair NEXT from PR1-2, PR1-3,
PR1-4, PR2-3, PR2-4, PR3-4 � TIA-568-A requires pair-to-pair NEXT compliance for cables
up to 4 pairs, PowerSum NEXT compliance for cables withmore than 4 pairs
� ISO/IEC 11801 requires pair-to-pair NEXT compliance for
horizontal cables, PowerSum NEXT compliance for cables ofmore than 2 pairs used in the backbone
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 18
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
PowerSum NEXT
Disturbing Pair Disturbed Pair
(PR2-1)2 + (PR3-1)2
+ ... + (PR25-1)2PSNEXT PR1 =
Worst PSNEXT PR1,PR2, ... , PR25
Cable NEXT =
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 19
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
PowerSum NEXT
� The PowerSum NEXT method is a more appropriate meansfor multi-pair (> 4-pair) and backbone cables since it takesinto account coupling from more than one disturbing pair at atime, which will be the case for a multi-pair cable handlingdata signals from multiple users.
� PowerSum compliant components should be considered when
high-speed parallel transmission schemes would be supported. � While PowerSum NEXT compliance ensures that signals of
the same type can coexist in the same cable, the amount ofsignal mixing that is allowed for multi-pair cables isdetermined by the system manufacturer. The SYSTIMAXSCS Shared Sheath chart is the result of extensive applicationtesting and should be consulted when planning to supportdissimilar applications in the same cable.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 20
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
FEXT and ELFEXT
Transmitter Receiver
Receiver Transmitter
Attenuation
Undesired noise(caused by crosstalk)
NEXT FEXT ELFEXT
Local End Far End
ELFEXT = FEXT - Attenuation
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 21
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Far end Cross Talk (FEXT) and Equal Level FEXT
Traditionally, cable and channel performance is described interms of attenuation and cross talk. The development of highertransmission speeds has led to the use of multiple pairs,sometimes in both directions (full duplex operation).
FEXT, Far end Crosstalk, refers to undesired coupling from onepair into another pair, measured at the other end of thetransmission link
ELFEXT, Equal level Far end Crosstalk, refers to the ratio of thesignal level and the undesired coupling, when two pairs areactivated with a signal of equal level. Defined as such, theELFEXT is equal to the Far end crosstalk minus the linkattenuation
Power Sum FEXT, Power Sum ELFEXTAs described for Power sum NEXT, any other crosstalkparameter can be described as a Power Sum, taking into accountcoupling from all disturbing pairs in 4 pair or multipair cables.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 22
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Delay and Delay Skew
T(ns)
CableNearEnd
CableFarEnd
Propagation Delay
DelaySkew
0
PAIR 1
PAIR 2
PAIR 3
PAIR 4
Transmitter
Reflected signal
STRUCTURAL RETURN LOSS
Transmitted signal
SRL = Transmitted signal Reflected signal
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 23
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Delay
Propagation Delay. The time it takes electrical signals to travelto the other end of the cable is the delay the signal experiences topropagate to the other end of the cable. This parameter is usuallyexpressed in nanoseconds.
As in UTP cables each pair has a different twist, each pair has itsown set of electrical parameters. Differences in Propagationdelay may present a problem in applications where a data streamis split in two (or more) streams to transmit it over an UTP cable.Each pair has its own propagation delay; therefore the signalsarrive at different times at the receiver.
Delay Skew is the maximum difference in propagation delay overa 100m channel. It is very important this parameter is welldefined
Return Loss
Return loss is the effect that a part of the signal is reflected atevery point where there is a minor impedance mismatch, such asconnection points. An amount of reflection will also occur whenthere are minor differences in the cable twist and cable geometry.The number indicating the ratio between transmitted and reflectedenergy is the Structural Return loss. A higher number indicatesa lower reflection and therefore indicates a better performance.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 24
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
ATTENUATION TO CROSSTALK RATIO(ACR)
Frequency (MHz)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70NEXT Cable & 2 Conn. (Cat 5)
NEXT 1061/ 2061 & 2 MPS 100E’s
Attenuation (Cat 5/6)
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 180 200 220 240160
Channel ACR @ 10dB
100 m UTP Link
NEXT 1071/ 2071 & 2 MGS 200’s
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 25
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio
� Attenuation to Crosstalk is the relationship between the lossexhibited by a cable across the frequency range compared toor subtracted from worst pair crosstalk values along the samefrequencies. The larger the ACR the better, as this determinesthe ability of the receiver to interpret the attenuated signal inthe presence of crosstalk noise. Typically, an ACR of 10 dBis considered a minimal requirement for most applications.
� As both attenuation and NEXT increase with frequency, the
ACR decreases as the frequency increases. In typicalCategory 5 links, an ACR performance of 10 dB is generallyfound around the 70 MHz frequency. As shown in the chart,SYSTIMAX SCS PowerSum NEXT (Cat 5E) channelsexhibit an ACR performance of 10 dB at 100 MHz frequency,and at 149 MHz frequency for GigaSPEED Channels.
� The ACR characteristics of a UTP link force designers ofhigh-speed transmission equipment to employ encodingschemes to transmit multiple bits per hertz. For example,while Ethernet and Token Ring applications utilise simpleManchester coding and have a data rate equivalent to thecritical frequency (i.e. 10 Mbps = 10 MHz), 100 Mbps TP-PMD has a data rate of 125 Mbps (100 Mbps of user data and25 Mbps in control bits) but the critical frequency is 31.25MHz. The more efficient encoding schemes are moresensitive to crosstalk noise and thus require more reliableACR performance.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 26
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
How a “shield” works
Cable Shield
Cable Pair
INTERFERENCE
IS
IS
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 27
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
How a “shield” works
� While the term “shielding” suggests that because STP cable isphysically encased in a shield all outside interference isblocked, this is not true.
� Just like a wire, the conductive shield acts as an antenna,converting received noise into current flowing in the shieldwhen it is properly grounded. This current, in turn, induces anequal and opposite current flowing in the twisted pairs. Aslong as the two currents are symmetrical, they cancel eachother out and deliver no net noise at the receiver. Anydiscontinuity in the shield or asymmetry between the currentin the shield and the twisted pairs is interpreted as noise.
� To work properly, every component of a shielded system mustbe just that, fully shielded.
� The drawbacks of shielded cable are many, in addition to highcomponent and installation costs:
− Pair attenuation increases at high frequencies, forcing the useof thicker insulation and/or larger conductors
− Balance is compromised if the effects of the shield are notcompensated, leading to crosstalk and signal noise
− Shielding effectiveness is dependent, among other factors, inthe efficacy of the grounding structure used and the groundingmethods used.
− Optimum grounding of a shielded cabling system is notpossible, as the number of grounding points depends on theapplication (grounding requirements change with thefrequency). The length of the ground conductor presents achallenge, since over a certain length for a given frequency itno longer functions as a ground.
� EMC regulations in Europe have focused attention on the
Electro Magnetic properties of cabling systems. Independentlaboratory tests have proven that SYSTIMAX SCS meets allthe required standard specifications for transmitting high-speed data and can pass all required tests. Tests wereconducted with 10 Mbps Ethernet, 16 Mbps Token Ring, 100Mbps TP-PMD and 155 Mbps ATM systems.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 28
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
EFFECTS OF TIGHT TWISTS
Long Twists- Share Space
Short (Tight) Twists- Increased Pair Separation- Decreased Helix Distortion
Advantages: - Improved Crosstalk Performance
(Efficient Approach)- Simplified Termination Procedure
(One Pair instead of One Conductor at a time)
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 29
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Effects of Tight Twists
� Without the expense and practical difficulties of a shield, abetter way to achieve good crosstalk performance is to useshort tight twists on the cable pairs.
� If long twists are used, the conductors from different pairstend to nest together or intrude inside an adjacent pair'scylinder. In the case of short twists, because the location ofthe pair rotates so fast within the cylinder, the conductorsfrom the other pairs are prevented from invading the pair’scylinder. Thereby, pair separation is increased and thedistortion of the ideal helical shape of the twisted pair isdecreased. Both effects result in significantly improvedcrosstalk performance.
���� This is the efficient approach to obtaining good crosstalkperformance.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 30
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
1061/2061/3061 CABLE
Low loss insulation(FRPE/LSZHPE/Teflon)
Cylindrical spaceclaimed bytight twists
Low loss jacketwith length markings
Solid 24 AWG (0.539 mm.)
Long bundletwist applied
1071/2071/3071 GigaSPEED CABLE
Low loss insulation(FRPE/LSZHPE/Teflon)
Cylindrical spaceclaimed bytight twiststwists TIGHTERand lower TOLERANCE
Low loss jacketwith length markings
Solid 24 AWG (0.545 mm.)
Tight bundletwist applied
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 31
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
1061/2061/3061 High Performance Cables
� The illustration shows a cross-section of AvayaCommunication high performance UTP cable, released in1990. All the conductors are solid 24-gauge with low-lossinsulation. These cables patented twist scheme guarantees atwist every 12 mm. or less. Therefore this cable can supportthe higher data rates found in today’s business environment.
� The dotted lines represent the cylindrical space claimed by
the pair along the length of the cable because of the tighttwists.
� Around the cable is a low-loss sheath or jacket. The jacket of
Avaya Communication UTP cables contains footage markers.This can be very useful during installation.
� The Cross talk performances of these cables meet the more
stringent Power Sum NEXT test. 1071/2071/3071 GigaSPEED™ High Performance Cables
� With the same technical concepts, but more advancedtechnology, the transmission capacity can be increased evenmore, resulting in the GigaSPEED™ cable, released in 1997.
� GigaSPEED™ cables have a tighter twist scheme than the
1061 cable, has lower production tolerances and has a tighterbundle twist, which improves the NEXT performance farmore.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 32
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
1081/2081/3081GigaSPEED CABLE
Low loss insulation(FRPE/LSZHPE/Teflon)
with length markings
Solid 24 AWG (0.545 mm.)
Tight bundletwist applied
Low loss jacket
Flute design separatespairs and improvescross-talk performancefurther
1081/2081/3081 GigaSPEED™ High Performance Cables
� With a flute design, as shown on the cross section drawing,the pairs can be better separated and the cross talk isimproved even more. This GigaSPEED™ cable, releasedearly 2000, has 10dB cross-talk margin relative to the draftCategory 6 standard.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 33
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
CABLE CATEGORIES
CATEGORY 4
16 100
CATEGORY 3
Frequency (MHz) 2010
CATEGORY 5
CATEGORY 6*
250
* Proposed Standard
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 34
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
EIA/TIA-568-A Cable Categories
� EIA/TIA standards provide structure to UTP productofferings. These categories help the customer qualify theproducts to his requirements. Although the customer hassome landmarks now, the decisions are still not simple. Thereis a significant difference in product capability even withinthe categories. The table below relates AvayaCommunication 4-pair horizontal cables to the standard’scategories. The standard also defines performancerequirements for Category 3, 4, 5, and 6 connecting hardware.
Code UL TIACategory
Max. Freq.(MHz)
1010 CMR 3 162010 CMP 3 16
1061 CM (4-pair)CMR (25-pair)
5 100
2061 CMP 5 100
1071A, 1081A CM 6* 2502071A, 2081A CMP 6* 250
*Category 6 is a proposed standard
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 35
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
LAN ENCODING ALGORITHMS
0 0 0 1 0 1 11 1 1 0 1 1 1Bit Stream
Manchester
NRZ
4-Level Code
Cycle Period of FastestSinusoid
1=Highest Frequency
(Bandwidth)
Manchester Code: uses a level transition in the middle of eachbit period. For a binary 1, the first half of the period is high, andthe second half is low. For a binary 0, the first half is low, and thesecond half is high.
NRZ (nonreturn-to-zero) Code: the signal is high for a 1 andlow for a 0. The level changes only when the data level changes.
4-Level Code: unlike other codes this one uses four levels oftransmission, rather than two levels. Each level represents twobits instead of one. Any change in a bit means a change in level.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 36
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Mbps vs. MHz
� Mbps and MHz do not mean the same thing.
� Bit-rate refers to how many bits can be transmitted in a giventime period and is associated with data throughput. Itsmeasured in millions of bits per second (Mbps).
� Frequency is the number of cycles per second for anyperiodic signal. Digital signals are square waves with a periodthat changes with the data stream. This means that a digitalsignal has many different frequencies.
� The Fundamental Frequency can be defined as the frequencyof the closest analogue “equivalent” to the digital signal. Itdetermines where the maximum signal energy is concentratedand is measured in MHz.
� The relationship between bit-rate and fundamental frequencydepends on the coding algorithm used. Most new algorithmstransmit more than 1 bit per Hz (i.e. Mbps > MHz).
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 37
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ENHANCED MULTIMODE
PolymerCoatings
GlassCladding
GlassCore
62.5 µµµµM 125 µµµµM 250 µµµµM
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Fibre Designs
There are three basic fibre designs identified by core diameter:
� 62.5 µm graded index, enhanced multimode
� 50 µm graded index, used for LazrSPEED multimode
� 8.3 µm (step index), single mode
The cladding diameter for all fibre used in SYSTIMAX SCS is125 µm.
62.5/125 µµµµm Enhanced Multimode Fibre
The enhanced multimode (62.5/125 µm) lightguide fibre isrecommended for all premises applications because of itscompatibility with the physical and transmission characteristics ofthe electro-optical devices commonly used in the premisesdistribution environment.
The large core diameter and transmission characteristics of62.5/125 µm fibre offers the following advantages:
� Greater light coupling efficiency
� Less critical core alignment requires fewer administrationpoints and splice locations
� Less susceptibility to micro and macro bending losses
� Recognised as the industry standard for LAN applications bythe Electronic Industries Association/American NationalStandards Institute
� FDDI standard compliant
� EIA/TIA-568 and ISO/IEC 11801 compliant
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
LazrSPEED™ MULTIMODE
PolymerCoatings
GlassCladding
GlassCore
50 µµµµM 125 µµµµM 250 µµµµM
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
OptiSPEED plus fibre
This 62.5/125 µm Multi-mode fibre is an improved fibre design,fully compatible with existing 62.5/125 µm fibres, allowinglarger distances for higher bit rates. Where the Standard(OptiSPEED) fibre is recommended for distances of up to 300 mfor a future proof optical link, the OptiSPEED plus fibres can beapplied for transmission distances of up to 600 m. with the sameapplications.
LazrSPEED™ High speed Multi mode fibre
A special optical fibre, LazrSPEED, developed to transmit bitrates as high as 10Gb/s has a reduced DMD (Differential ModeDelay) and is therefore capable to transmit these high bit rates..For longer lengths than 300 m LazrSPEED optical fibres can beused, however the same bit rates are supported as standard Multimode optical fibres. For lengths longer than 1000 m, LazrSPEEDoptical fibre supports shorter lengths than OptiSPEED opticalfibre.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 42
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
SINGLEMODE, DEPRESSED CLADDING
PolymerCoatings
GlassCladding
GlassCore
125 µµµµM 250 µµµµM 8.3 µµµµM
DepressedCladding
62.5 µµµµM
8.3/125 µµµµm Singlemode Fibre
Single-mode fibre was initially developed to support the highbandwidth and channel capacity needed in the long-haul trunkenvironment and, although single-mode fibre is being deployed inthe subscriber loop, it is usually not cost-effective for premisedistribution systems. Single-mode fibre may be considered forbackbone subsystems if it is anticipated that the bandwidth anddistance limits of multimode fibre will be exceeded during thelifetime of the system.
Matched Clad Single Mode Fibre
Matched Clad Fibre consists of a germanium doped core, of 8.3µm, and a silica cladding. Although the dispersion characteristicsof the design are optimised for the 1310 nm region, 1550 nmwavelength operation is possible.
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Depressed Clad Single Mode (Shown on facing page)
Depressed Clad is a design with a lower dispersion to improve thetransmission properties. The Fibre consists of a germaniumdoped core (8.3 µm diameter) with two concentric layers of silicacladding. The inner silica layer is doped with fluorine to lower(depress) its refractive index relative to the outer clad. Also thisfibre is optimised for 1310 nm operation, although 1550 nmoperation is possible.
Depressed Clad fibres are significant less susceptible to bendinglosses.
Dispersion shifted Single Mode Fibre
Dispersion shifted fibre has been optimised for 1550 nmwavelength operation, however, they are less suitable for multiplewavelength operation. For new installations True Wave™ fibreis recommended instead.
True Wave™ Single Mode Fibre
True Wave™ Fibre (core diameter of only 6µm.) is especiallydesigned for use in Dense Wave Division Multiplex (DWDM)applications in the 1550nm wavelength region. DWDM is amethod of transmission using multiple optical signals, each with aslightly different wavelength. This fibre type has non-zerodispersion over the band used by Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers(EDFA’s) used in DWDM systems to avoid four-wave mixing(cross interference between wavelengths). The dispersion is stillsmall enough to allow single channel data rates of up to 20 Gb/swithout dispersion compensation.
All Wave Single mode fibre
Until recently, all fibres experienced a higher attenuation in the1400 nm region, due to absorption by water particles. In the AllWave fibre this loss peak, or water peak, has been eliminated.All Wave fibres are especially useful in MAN’s and WAN’swhen (in future) DWDM systems with hundred or morewavelengths become available.
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Causes of Optical Loss
Rayleigh ScatteringMicrobending
ManufacturingIrregularities Absorption
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Optical Loss
The optical loss measures how much light gets lost as the pulsetravels along the fibre, and can be found taking the ratio of theenergy in the output pulse to the energy in the input pulse. Thereare two basic physical mechanisms that cause fibre to lose light:scattering and absorption.
Scattering
� Refers to light being deflected from its intended path. Whenlight scatters in a fibre, rays travel off in new directions someof which exceeds the fibre’s critical angle for total internalreflection. When this happens, part of the light escapesthrough the cladding.
� Some scattering is inherent to the fibre, like Rayleighscattering, while other scattering is caused by fibre bends(macrobending and microbending) and manufacturingirregularities.
Absorption
� Light is absorbed by the fibre and converted into heat, actuallyraising the fibre’s temperature.
� The silica material and dopants used in the fibremanufacturing absorb light abundantly at certain wavelengths.
� Impurities present in fibre, like the hydroxyl ion (OH-), alsoproduce a large absorption loss at certain wavelengths.
Optical loss is measured in dB/km and depends on thewavelength. The maximum values for SYSTIMAX SCS fibresare:
Multimode: 3.4 dB/km @ 850 nm1.0 dB/km @ 1300 nm
LazrSPEED 3.5 dB/km @ 850 nm1.5 dB/km @ 1300 nm
Singlemode: 0.4 dB/km @ 1310nm0.3 dB/km @ 1550nm
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 46
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Modal Dispersion andOptical Bandwidth
• Step Index Fiber
• Graded Index Fiber
Pi
T
T T
Po
Po Pi
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 47
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Optical bandwidth
Fibre bandwidth is related to the information carrying capacity ofa fibre, and limits the maximum rate at which information can betransmitted. Because fibres have limited bandwidth, when apulse travels over them its width increase by spreading in time. Ifthis dispersion becomes too large, the broadened pulse caninterfere with pulses on either side of it causing intersymbolinterference and associated high bit error rates in transmissionsystems.One cause of pulse spreading is modal bandwidth. It arises inmultimode fibre because hundreds of modes can travel in thefibre. Some modes or light paths are shorter than the others, sothese modes are going to arrive first to the fibre end. Light beamstaking the longest paths arrive last, causing the pulse spreading.To compensate for the hundreds of different path lengths, graded-index multimode fibres are designed and manufactured so thatpulses travelling short paths have slower velocities than pulsestravelling long paths.The minimum bandwidth of Lucent Technologies enhancedmultimode fibre is 200MHz km @ 850nm and 500MHz km at1300nm.
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1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
10 Gbps Laser
Detector
Core
Cladding
Conventional Fibre - 50 or 62.5 micron
CONVENTIONAL MULTIMODE CAN’TSUPPORT 10 Gb/s TRANSMISSION
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
10 Gbps850nm Laser
Detector
Core
Cladding
10 Gigabits on10 Gigabits on Multimode Fibre Multimode Fibre
LazrSPEEDLazrSPEED ™™ SOLUTION 10SOLUTION 10 GbGb/s/s AT 300 METERS
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 49
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Optical bandwidth for LazrSPEED™ fibres
The higher bandwidth of LazrSPEED optical fibres is achievedby reducing the delay differences of the different transmissionmodes. At expense of a slightly higher loss, the bandwidth isincreased to handle 10 Gb/s over 300 m length when laser sourcesare applied. Due to the loss, the LazrSPEED fibre supports thesame applications as traditional multimode fibre for distances upto 1 km and supports shorter distances for longer lengths. Pleasenote that the bandwidth for 1300 nm wavelength is the same asfor traditional multimode optical fibres. Below you find thebandwidth for LED (overfilled) light sources and for laserlightsources.
Bandwidth:
Overfill 500 MHz.km @ 850 nm500 MHz.km @ 1300 nm
Laser 2200 MHz.km @ 850 nm500 MHz.km @1300 nm
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 50
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
SYSTIMAX SCS SUBSYSTEMS
Work Area
Horizontal
Riser Backbone
Adminis tration
EquipmentCampus Backbone
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Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX Structured Cabling Systems(SCS)
� Based on the industry Standard for Commercial Buildings(EIA/TIA 568-A)
� Uses structured subsystem approach
− Work Area
− Horizontal
− Riser Backbone
− Administration
− Equipment Room
− Campus
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WORK AREA SUBSYSTEM
Work Area
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Work Area Subsystem
� The Work Area Subsystem components connect theTelecommunication outlet (TO) end of the HorizontalSubsystem to the voice or data terminal equipment. Thestation equipment may be any number of devices including,but not limited to, telephones, data terminals and computers.
� Although work area wiring is critical to a well-manageddistribution system, it is usually non permanent and designedto easily facilitate changes and rearrangement of theconnected devices.
� The work area wiring subsystem consists of the cords andadapters that connect devices to TOs. It includes mountingcords and connectors as well as extension cords needed tomake connections.
� Certain types of equipment may be needed in the connectionbetween the station device and the TO. These adapter typedevices are generally needed to match the transmissioncharacteristics of the connected device to the transmissioncharacteristics of the unshielded twisted pair distributionsystem. These devices are not required if the connecteddevice is equipped with an 8-position modular port.
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HORIZONTAL SUBSYSTEM
Horizontal
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Horizontal Subsystem
� The Horizontal Subsystem covers the distance from the WorkArea to the Telecommunications Closet (TC). It includes theTO and the transmission media used to extend the outlet tothe TC. Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS supportsthe use of 4-pair and 25-pair 24-gauge UTP cables andmultimode and singlemode fibre optical cables in theHorizontal Subsystem. The horizontal wiring is terminatedon a Telecommunication outlet in the Work Area and oncross-connect or interconnect hardware in the TC. Thehorizontal wiring shall be a star topology with each WorkArea TO connected to a TC or to an Equipment Room (ER).
� The maximum length of the horizontal cable run is 295 feet(90 meters).
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RISER BACKBONE SUBSYSTEM
Riser Backbone
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Riser Backbone Subsystem
� The Backbone (sometimes called Riser) Subsystem is theportion of the SYSTIMAX SCS that provides the main (orfeeder) cable routes in a building. It usually supplies themultiple circuit facilities between two locations, especiallywhere system common equipment is located at a central point.The Backbone Subsystem consists of the copper cabling or acombination of the copper and optical fibre cabling along withthe associated hardware used to bring this cable to otherlocations.
� For communications within a building, the BackboneSubsystem connects telecommunications closets to equipmentareas. These areas may be a single main equipment room, ormultiple equipment locations within the building.
� To provide communications access to outside networks, theBackbone Subsystem joins the trunk Cross-connect and thenetwork interface portion of the network facility owned by theTelephone Company. The network interfaces usually locatedin a room adjacent or near the equipment room. The networkinterface defines the demarcation between facilities and thePremises Distribution System.
� The maximum allowable backbone cable length is 2624 feet(800 meters) when voice-grade UTP cables are used. Whenusing Categories 3, 4, or 5 cables, lengths should be limited to295 feet (90 meters). Multimode fibre optic cables may be upto 6,560 feet (2,000 meters) and Singlemode cables may be upto 9,840 feet (3,000 meters). While it is recognised that thecapabilities of singlemode fibre may allow for greaterdistances, more than 9,840 feet (3,000 meters) is considered toextend outside the scope of the TIA/EIA-568A standard.
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ADMINISTRATION SUBSYSTEM
Administration
Adminis tration
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Administration Subsystem
� The Administration Subsystem consists of: the cross-connectsand interconnects that are made to join two subsystemstogether or to assign common equipment circuits to asubsystem, the termination hardware, colour coding andnumbering schemes and record keeping. The AdministrationSubsystem must be compliant with EIA/TIA-606.
� Cross-connects and interconnects allow easy administrationof common equipment circuits for routing and rerouting tovarious parts of a building or a campus. They are made withjumper wires or patch cords. A jumper wire is a short lengthof unjacketed copper conductors (1, 2, 3 or 4 pairs), whereasa patch cord contains stranded conductors in a PVC jacketand has connectors at both ends. Patch cords provide an easyway to rearrange circuits without the need for the specialtools required to install jumper wires.
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EQUIPMENT SUBSYSTEM
EquipmentSubsystem
MDF
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Equipment Subsystem
� The Equipment Subsystem consists of shared, commoncommunications equipment and the transmission mediarequired to terminate this equipment on connecting hardware.
� The Equipment Room Subsystem is made up of the cable,connectors and associated support hardware in an equipmentroom. These are used to extend the common equipmentcircuits to the main cross-connect wall field for connection tothe Premises Distribution System.
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CAMPUS SUBSYSTEM
Campus Backbone
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Campus Subsystem
� The Campus Subsystem extends the cabling in one building tocommunication devices and equipment in other buildings onthe premises. It is the portion of the distribution system thatincludes the transmission media and support hardwarerequired to provide an inter-building communication facility.It consists of copper cable, optical fibre cable, earthing andelectrical protection devices that are used to prevent electricalsurges on the cable from entering buildings.
� Fibre optic cable is often used as the Campus Backbonemedium because it is immune to Electromagnetic Interferenceand Radio Frequency Interference (EMI and RFI) and canextend the distance over which signals can travel betweenbuildings. Typically, the Campus Backbone Subsystemconnects buildings in the equipment rooms.
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TIA/EIA-568-A Building WiringStandard
MC Main Cross-Connect
ER Equipment Room
TC Telecommunications Closet
WA Work Area
S Station Equipment
EF Entrance Facilities
IC Intermediate Cross-Connect
Cross Connect
s
WA
TC
ER & EF
HorizontalWiring
Telecommunications Outlet
LEGEND
s
s
WA
TC
ER
HorizontalWiring
BUILDING 1
BUILDING 2
IC
MC
&EF
IC
InterbuildingBackbone Wiring
BackboneWiring
BackboneWiring
s
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TIA/EIA-568-A Building Wiring Standard
� The TIA-568-A Commercial Building TelecommunicationsWiring Standard defines a wiring system that supports amulti-vendor environment. The purpose of the standard is toenable the planning and installation of building wiring withno knowledge of the telecommunications devices, which willultimately be installed in the building.
� The simple fact is that all major voice, data, and computersystems vendors acknowledge the economic benefits, interms of initial cost and maintenance and administrationcosts, of placing a universal wiring system in commercialbuildings at the time of initial construction or majorrenovation.
� The TIA-568-A standard calls for a physical star topology.The example shown here illustrates the terminology used inthe standard and shows a typical physical layout. Theelements of the wiring system include:
− Horizontal Wiring− Backbone Wiring− Work Area− Telecommunications Closets− Equipment Rooms− Administration Points− Entrance Facilities
� Maximum cable distances as specified for UTP by TIA-568Aare as follows:
− Horizontal Wiring 90m (295 ft).− Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Backbone Wiring 800m
for voice and 90m for data.− Multimode (MM) Fibre Backbone 2 Km.− Single mode (SM) Fibre Backbone 3 Km (longer
distances possible).− Work Area 3m (10 ft).− Jumper and Patch cords lengths in Telecommunications
Closets 6m (20 ft).− Total allowed for cords in the Work Area plus patch
cords, jumpers and equipment cables in theTelecommunications closet for each horizontal channel:10m (33 ft).
− Jumper and Patch cords lengths in Equipment Rooms20m (66 ft).
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OTHER STANDARDS
EIA/TIA-569
EIA/TIA-570EIA/TIA-606 EIA/TIA-607
ANSIUL
IEEE802.3
IEEE802.5
IS 11801TSB-75TSB-67
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Other Standards• EIA/TIA-569 Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications
Pathways and Spaces provides guidelines for the design of horizontal, and workarea pathways, building entrance facilities, tel. closets, and equipment rooms.
• EIA/TIA-570 Residential and Light Commercial Telecommunications Wiringreplaces EIA/TIA 568 as the primary standard in these environments.
• EIA/TIA-606 Administration Standards for the TelecommunicationsInfrastructure of Commercial Buildings provides guidelines for labelling andadministering the components, which comprise a structured wiring system.
• EIA/TIA-607 Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements forTelecommunications describes a standard method for distributing signal groundthroughout a building.
• TSB-67 Transmission Performance Specification for Field Testing of UTPCabling Systems includes hand-held test set specifications, test configurationsand limits for site testing of UTP systems.
• TSB-72 Centralized Optical Fibre Cabling Guidelines supplements TIA-568Awith home-run architectures for fibre optic installations.
• TSB-75 Additional Horizontal Cabling Practices for Open Offices allows theinclusion of Consolidation Points and Multi-user Outlets for added flexibility.
• IS 11801 Generic Cabling for Customer Premises is the ISO/IEC standardbased on TIA-568A
• ANSI Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) Standards describe a set ofrules for the implementation of 100 Mbps token ring networks on fibre optic,STP, and UTP cabling systems.
• IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD Access Method describes various implementations ofthe 10 Mbps Ethernet network, including the 10BASE-T (UTP) and 10BASE-F(fibre) physical medium dependent options.
• IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Access Method describes the implementation of tokenring networks.
• NFPA 70 U.S. National Electrical Code describes practices necessary forsafeguarding people and property from hazards, such as electrical shock andfire, arising from the use of electricity. Local codes must be followed whereapplicable.
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Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS Applications
The Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS supports thefollowing specific applications:
� Voice Applications
− Analogue Voice− Digital Voice− Remote Switch Modules
� Terminal-to-Host Data Applications
− IBM 3270− IBM System 3X and AS/400− WANG OIS and VS− EIA-232− UNISYS Air Land− UNISYS Advanced TeleCluster− Fujitsu M System− ICL DRS-Connect− Pilkington Flexilink 6000 System
� Local Area Network Applications
− IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T/FL Networks− IEEE 802.3 100BASE-T2/T4/TX/FX Networks− IEEE 802.12 100VG Demand Priority LAN’s− IEEE 802.3 1000BASE-T/SX/LX Networks− 133/266/531/1062 Fibre channel applications− TP-PMD Networks− IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Networks− Farallon PhoneNET
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Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS APPLICATIONS (Cont'd)
� Enterprise Network Applications
− FDDI− ATM
� Video Applications
− Baseband Composite Video− Baseband RGB Video− Broadband Video
NOTE: Detailed recommendations for implementing a particularapplication may be found in the appropriate AvayaCommunication SYSTIMAX SCS Application Guide and in theAvaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS PerformanceSpecifications.
The following colour code is recommended for labelling circuitterminations. This is the colour scheme also shown in the EIA-606 Standard.
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COLOR CODED CIRCUIT LABELSDESIGNATION STRIPS
■ Blue: Station Connections from a Telecommunicationoutlet (TO) located in an office or other work area.
■ White: Riser backbone connections. Cables terminatedon a white field run between equipment rooms andtelecommunication closets.
■ Brown: Campus backbone cable connections. Cablesterminated on a brown field run between equipmentroom and buildings on a campus.
■ Grey: Tie backbone cables run betweentelecommunication closets.
■ Green: The incoming trunks from the telephonecompany central office.
■ Purple: Leads from such system-common equipmentas a PBX, data switch, or multiplexer.
■ Yellow: Auxiliary equipment connections andmiscellaneous
■ Orange: Network Interface.
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voice.##
ANALOG VOICE APPLICATION
110C-4
BLUEWHITE
PURPLE WHITE
BackboneCable
110C-3
HorizontalCable
AnalogLineCord
VoiceOutlet
Pair 1
Pair 1
25-PairCable
AnalogTelephone8 Ports
Analog orDigitalPBX
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 73
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Voice Applications
Analogue Voice Application
The Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS supportsanalogue voice connections using the D6AP modular cord and25-pair connectorised cables. A single-line analogue voice phoneutilises only one pair of wires for operation. The modular plug onthe telephone end of the mounting cord must be a 6-position plugin order to fit into the modular jack on the telephone set.
When plugged into the 8-pin modular voice outlet, the plug on theoutlet end of the phone cord centres itself in the jack such that thecentre two pins (4 & 5) are accessed. These two pins areconnected to pair 1 of the horizontal cable. At thetelecommunications closet, this pair (blue field) is cross-connected to the appropriate pair in the voice network backbonecable (white field).
The voice backbone cable is terminated on 110AW2-x00 wiringblocks at both ends using 110C3, 110C4, or 110C5 connectors.At the equipment room, the backbone pair (white field) is cross-connected to the proper telephone line number on the voiceswitch (purple field). For this connection, 110 patch cords orcross-connect wire may be used.
A Avaya Communication 25-pair preconnectorised cable is usedfor connecting the line ports of the switch to the purple field 110wiring block. The equipment end of this cable may utilise a 50-pin TELCO connector. The wiring end of this cable may beunterminated or may use a connector. Unterminated cables arefield terminated on a 110-wiring block. Preconnectorised cablesmay be plugged into connectorised 110 patch panels.
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White/BlueBlue/WhiteWhite/OrangeOrange/White
White/GreenGreen/WhiteWhite/BrownBrown/White
12345678
1
2
3
4
1 2 3 4
Connected toCloset Power Supply
X ConnectData XMT
X ConnectData REC
X ConnectAnalog Voice
4 x UTP
To Closet To Device
Front View of AT&T 8 Pin Modular Jack
Cable Designation T2 R2 T3 R1 T1 R3 T4 R4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Pin #s
Lucent 8-Pin IO
Pair 1
Pair 2
Pair 3
Pair 4
Analog Voice
Data XMT
Data REC
Power
LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 8-PIN INFORMATION OUTLET
110 C4Conn. Blk.
W/BL BL/W W/O O/W W/G G/W W/BR BR/W
T568B
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Analogue Voice Application (Cont'd)
Two-line analogue phones may be equipped with 4-wire cordsintended to be used with 6-pin modular jacks. These phones usepins 4 & 5 of the 8-pin modular jack for Line 1 and pins 3 & 6 forLine 2. Each line requires a separate cable pair. At the blue fieldin the telecommunications closet, pins 4 & 5 appear as pair 1.Pins 3 & 6 appear as pair 3. In this case, two 1 pair cross-connects are required at the telecommunications closet and at theequipment room, one for each line. The voice switch (PBX) isconnected to the 110-wiring block (purple field) via aconnectorised 25-pair cable.
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DIGITAL VOICE APPLICATION
110C-4
BLUEWHITE
PURPLE WHITE
BackboneCable
110C-3
HorizontalCable
D8BACord
VoiceOutlet
Pairs 2 & 3
25-PairCable
DigitalTelephone8 Ports
Analog orDigitalPBX
Pairs 2 & 3
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Digital Voice Application
The Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS supports digitalvoice connections using modular cords and connectorised cables.A digital phone may utilise from one to four pairs of wires foroperation. This depends upon the specific model of the phone.When a Avaya Communication 7400-series digital phone isplugged into the 8-pin modular voice outlet, pairs 2 and 3 of thehorizontal cable are utilised. At the telecommunications closet,these pairs (blue field) are cross-connected to the appropriatepairs in the voice network backbone cable (white field).
The voice backbone cable is terminated on 110 wiring blocks atboth ends. At the equipment room, the backbone pairs (whitefield) are cross-connected to the proper telephone line number onthe voice switch (purple field). For this connection, 110 patchcords or cross-connect wire may be used.
A Avaya Communication 25-pair preconnectorised cable is usedfor connecting the line ports of the switch to the purple field 110wiring block. The equipment end of this cable may utilise a 50-pin TELCO connector. The wiring end of this cable may beunterminated, or may use a connector. Unterminated cables arefield terminated on a 110 wiring block. Preconnectorised cablesmay be plugged into connectorised 110 patch panels.
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voice.4
REMOTE SWITCH MODULEAPPLICATION
Fiber OpticBackbone/CampusCable
DigitalPBX
FiberOptic
FiberOpticJumpers
LIU
LIULIU
LIU
RemoteSwitchModule
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Remote Switch Module Application
In large private voice networks, it may be advantageous to installa large PBX at a central site and connect it to remote switchmodules at various remote sites. Usually, this connectionrequires the use of a pair of multimode fibres. The AvayaCommunication SYSTIMAX SCS supports these connectionsusing fibre optic cables and apparatus.
The fibres from the main PBX are terminated with ST or SCconnectors in a Fibre Optic Interconnection Unit (FOIU). Two ofthese fibres are connected to two fibres in the appropriate fibreoptic backbone cable using ST- or SC-connectorised fibre opticjumper cables.
At the remote switch location, the fibres from the remoteswitching module are terminated with ST or SC connectors in aLIU. Two of these fibres are connected to two fibres in theappropriate fibre optic backbone campus cable using ST- or SC-connectorised fibre optic jumper cables.
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TERMINAL-TO-HOST DATA APPLICATIONS
There are many popular implementations of terminal-to-host datacommunications systems. With these systems, data processing istypically performed at a centralised computer (host). Data isinput at a terminal. Avaya Communication' SYSTIMAX SCS isa structured cabling system, which supports many variousterminal-to-host applications.
The difference between the various applications is the type ofUTP balun or adapter used. Please refer to the application guidesfor details.
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voice.5
LAN COMPONENTS
a016.001b S
NETWORKINTERFACE
CARD
WORKSTATIONSOFTWARE
NETWORKINTERFACE
CARD
NETWORKINTERFACE
CARD
WORKSTATIONSOFTWARE
SERVERSOFTWARE
WORKSTATION WORKSTATION SERVER
NETWORKHUBUNIT
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Local Area Network Applications
With a terminal-to-host network, the terminal serves as a device forinputting data to a centralised computer, which does all of the dataprocessing. With a Local Area Network (LAN), each user has aPersonal Computer (PC) rather than a terminal. With a PC LAN, dataprocessing occurs in every PC rather than at a centralised computer.The LAN provides connectivity among all of the PCs for theexchange of data. As illustrated on the facing page, the basic components of a LANinclude:
� Servers
� Workstations
� Network Interface Cards
� Cabling
� Hubs
� Software In addition to these basic components, more complex LANs mayinclude interconnection devices such as:
� Bridges
� Routers
� Switches
� Gateways
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
LAN Topologies
The principal alternatives that determine the nature of a LAN are thephysical and logical topologies and the transmission medium used forthe network. The term topology, in the context of a LAN, refers tothe way in which servers and workstations (nodes) are interconnected. Every LAN has both physical and logical topologies associated withit.
� The physical topology is the manner in which the cables arephysically routed among the nodes of a LAN.
� The logical topology is the route followed by data frames,
which are logical groupings of information created by a LANnetwork interface card.
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voice.6
PHYSICAL STAR TOPOLOGY
a016.199a S
Workstation
Workstation
WorkstationWorkstation
Server
Workstation
Workstation
Workstation
LAN Hub
Port Card
The physical topology is the manner in which the cables arephysically routed among the servers, workstations and hubs, whichcomprise a LAN. In a physical star, each LAN station is attached to acable, which runs from the station to a centralised hub. This is by farthe most popular physical LAN topology. It is used for all types ofnetworks including Ethernet, token ring, and FDDI. Physical startopologies may be configured within a hub to operate as a logical busor as a logical ring.
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voice.7
PHYSICAL BUS TOPOLOGY
a016.200a S
Server Workstation WorkstationWorkstation
T T
With a physical bus, the cable is routed past each station and aresistive terminator is placed at each end of the cable. Every stationtaps into the cable through a transceiver. This physical topology isutilised by the majority of coaxial Ethernet networks. Physical bustopologies are usually configured as logical bus topologies.
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
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PHYSICAL RING TOPOLOGY
a016.202a S
Server
WorkstationWorkstation
Workstation
The physical ring topology may be implemented by connecting thetransmitter of one station to the receiver of an adjacent station, andcontinuing this process until all stations are connected. There are novacant jacks when the ring is completed. The problem with a physical ring is that if any station is turned off ordisconnected the ring is open. In order to implement a physical ringtopology, complex recovery mechanisms and alternative transmissionpaths must be employed. Generally speaking, physical ringtopologies are employed only in FDDI networks. Physical ringtopologies are usually configured as logical ring topologies
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 88
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voice.9
LOGICAL BUS
a016.204a S
TerminationResistor Rx Rx Tx Rx Rx Termination
Resistor
The logical topology is the route followed by data frames, whichare logical groupings of information created by a LAN networkinterface card. With a logical bus, any station wishing to transmitlistens to the bus. If the bus is active, the station waits until it isquiet. If it is quiet, the station transmits a data frame. The dataframe is carried from the transmitting station to all other stationsat virtually the same time. Each receiving station makes a copyof the data frame.
It is possible that two stations may begin to transmit at the sametime. When this occurs, their data frames run into each other onthe bus which causes a "collision." The stations involved detectthe collision, stop transmitting, and wait a random amount of timebefore listening again to the bus. This access method is calledCarrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection(CSMA/CD).
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 89
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
voice.10
PHYSICAL STAR TOPOLOGY(ELECTRICAL RING)
a101.285a S
WiringCloset
RXTX
TXRX
TXRXTX
RX
RX TX
With a logical ring, the data frame is carried from the originatingstation to its downstream neighbour, then to the next station, thento the next, etc. So, the data frame progresses around the logicalring, from station to station, until it returns to the originatingstation. Each station makes a copy of the data frame as it passesby.
The originating station removes the data frame from the logicalring and generates a special frame called a token. This tokenframe is passed around the ring from station to station until astation receiving the token has information to transmit on thenetwork. It then removes the token frame and transmits its owndata frame.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 90
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
LOCAL AREA NETWORK TOPOLOGIESLAN Type Physical Topology Logical Topology
Coaxial EthernetIEEE 802.3
10BASE5 & 10BASE2Bus Bus
UTP EthernetIEEE 802.3 10BASE-T,100Base-T, 1000Base-T
Star Bus
Fibre EthernetIEEE 802.3 Star BusToken RingIEEE 802.5 Star Ring
FDDIANSI X3T9.5
Ringor Star Ring
The table above illustrates the physical and logical topologiesassociated with popular LANs. Note that Ethernet networksalways operate with a logical bus topology regardless of thephysical topology employed. Token ring networks alwaysoperate with a logical ring topology regardless of the physicaltopology employed.
NOTE:10BASE5 Thick Coax10BASE2 Thin Coax10BASE-T(100BASE-T, 1000BASE-T)
24-gauge UTP
10BASE-FL (Fibre Link) 62.5µ Multimode Fibre
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 91
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Note:
The examples in this section use a purple field for the terminationof equipment cables. Patch cords are used for cross-connectionsbetween the purple and blue fields. In the case where a LAN hubhas modular jacks, which can be labelled, it is acceptable to use apatch cord for connections between the hub and the blue fieldthus eliminating the purple field.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 92
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110C-4
BLUE HorizontalCable
DataOutlet
D8CM CordLAN Hub
PURPLE
6 Ports
Pairs 2, 3
10BASE-T
WHITE
Equipment Cord
PC equipped with10BASE-T Network
Interface Card
WHITEPURPLE
6 PortsEquipment Cord
LAN Hub10BASE-T
110C-4
10BASE-T NETWORK APPLICATION
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 93
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T Network Application
The IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T standard defines a 10 MbpsCSMA/CD LAN, which uses unshielded twisted pair, cables forconnectivity. The Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCSsupports 10BASE-T links up to a maximum distance of 100meters (328 ft.) over 1010/2010 cable and 150 meters (492 ft.)over 1061/2061 cable.
A Avaya Communication D8BA or D8CM double-endedmodular cord is used to interface the 10BASE-T NetworkInterface Card (NIC) to the data outlet. The NIC transmits overpins 1 and 2 and receives over pins 3 and 6 of the 8-pin modularjack. At the telecommunications closet, a 2-pair patch cord isused to cross-connect pairs 2 and 3 from the horizontal cable to aport on the 10BASE-T hub.
Hub ports are sometimes connected to the purple field usingsingle-ended D8BA or D8CM cords with the unterminated endpunched down on a 110-connecting block. Alternatively, hubports may be connected to the purple field using 25-pair cablesequipped with 50-pin TELCO connectors. In this case, the 110connecting block is a factory-connectorised version. 10BASE-Thub ports (purple field) may also be patched to pairs in abackbone cable (white field) for connection to another 10BASE-T hub located in a remote telecommunications closet orequipment room.
A Master Hub Unit is used when hubs in many closets need to beinterconnected. There is a time delay restraint, which limits thenumber of hub units (normally 3) between the end points.
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10basebw.2
Fiber OpticHorizontal
Cable
FiberOutlet
Dual FiberPatch Cord
10BASE-FLLAN Hub
10BASE-FL NETWORKAPPLICATION
PC equipped with10BASE-FL Network
Interface Card
LIUDual FiberPatch Cord
LIU
Fiber OpticBackbone
Cable
LIU
10BASE-FLLAN Hub
Dual FiberPatch Cord
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
IEEE 802.3 10BASE-FL Network Application
The IEEE 802.3 10BASE-FL standard defines a 10 MbpsCSMA/CD LAN, which uses 62.5-micron core/125-microncladding multimode fibre optic cables for connectivity. Whenfibre is used in the horizontal, for 10BASE-FL connections, theAvaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS supports distances upto a maximum of 6,560 ft. (2,000m).
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prdctsbw.2m-k006
TOKEN RING NETWORK
370C1 Adapter
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Network Application
The IEEE 802.5 standard defines a 4 or 16 Mbps token ringLAN which uses Shielded Twisted Pair (STP), UnshieldedTwisted Pair (UTP), and/or fibre optic cables for connectivity.
The Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS supports tokenring LAN hardware from a variety of vendors. Each of thevendor's equipment configurations has been thoroughly tested atAvaya Communication Bell Laboratories through the AvayaCommunication SYSTIMAX SCS vendor test program.
Token ring NICs typically uses a shielded DB9 connector for thecable interface. The top two pins are the data IN port and thebottom two pins are the data OUT port. Both the data IN anddata OUT circuits have a characteristic impedance of 150 Ohms.Because these NICs were initially designed for use with STPcables, there are no signal filters on the NIC.
Avaya Communication’ 370C1 adapter matches the 150 Ohmimpedance of the NIC data IN and data OUT circuits to the 100Ohm impedance of the UTP cables used in the AvayaCommunication SYSTIMAX SCS. In addition, the adaptercontains a filter that severely attenuates frequencies above 30MHz as they pass from the data OUT circuit onto the cable. Thisfiltering assures that the system meets the requirements of FCCRules & Regulations Part 15, Subpart J for electromagneticinterference.
UTP token ring NICs include an impedance matching and filtercircuit, which terminates in an 8-pin modular jack. A D8SA cordis used to connect this type of NIC to the data outlet. Some tokenring NICs have both the STP (DB9) and UTP (Modular Jack)interfaces.
Note: For 370 Adapter refer to Product Guide
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
16MB NIC
4x UTP
11OC-4
PAIR 1,3 (2)
BLUE
370C1ADAPTEROR D8SA/d8GSCORD
I/O
TOKEN RING NETWORK APPLICATION
PAIR 1,3 (2)
11OC-3
PAIR 1,3 (2)
11OC-3
16MB NIC
4x UTP
11OC-4
PAIR 1,3 (2)
BLUE
370C1ADAPTEROR D8SACORD
I/O
110P6CAT5-B PATCH CORD
2-9 FT LONG (.6 - 2.7 m)
110P6CAT5-B PATCH CORD
2-9 FT LONG(.6-2.7 m)
1010/2010 CABLE - 72 TERMINALS 124' (37.8 METERS)1061/2061 CABLE - 104 TERMINALS 328' (100 METERS)
PATCH CORD
MAU
RINGOUT
RINGOUT
MIC TO MIC114P4E-A
MIC to Unterminated Cord
115P4E-15A
RINGIN
RINGIN
8 PORTS 8 PORTS
PURPLEPURPLE
DataOutlet
DataOutlet
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 99
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Network Application (Cont'd)
This table indicates the following parameters for a variety ofhardware types:
� The token ring hub type
� NIC manufacturer
� Maximum number of stations allowed on a ring segment
� Maximum allowable lobe length
HUB NIC Max. Stations Max. Lobe LengthIBM 8228 IBM 104 100 m*IBM 8230 IBM 100 100 m�
IBM 8228 NCR 104 100 m*SynOptics IBM Depends� 100 m*
Raylan IBM 250 1,000 m�
RAD RAD 256 Note 1
∗ Equivalent electrical lobe length. Allowances for 370C1 media filter, patch cords, and equipment cables must be subtracted to determine actual horizontal cable length.
� 100 meters of 1061/2061 cable plus up to 10 m of patch cordsand equipment cords
� 72 stations over 1010/2010 cable132 stations over 1061/2061 cable
� Maximum attenuation of 11.5 dB @ 850 nm wavelength
Note 1: Passive Modules 328 Ft. (100m)/UTPActive Modules 590.4 Ft. (180m)/UTPActive Modules 9,840 Ft. (3 km)/Fibre or OpticalLoss less than 11 dB
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
110C-4
BLUE HorizontalCable
DataOutlet
LAN Hub
PURPLE
110C-3
Equipment Cord
3-pairPatch Cord
Pairs 1,3
Token Ring
TOKEN RING NETWORKAPPLICATION
NOTE: D8CM Cord if UTP NIC is Used
PC equipped withIBM Token Ring
Network Interface Card
8 Ports
370C1Adapter
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 101
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Network Application (Cont'd)
A Avaya Communication 370C1 adapter is used to interface thetoken ring NIC to the data outlet. The 370C1 adapter transmitsover pins 3 and 6 and receives over pins 4 and 5 of the 8-pinmodular jack.
At the telecommunications closet, a 3-pair patch cord is used tocross-connect pairs 1 and 3 from the horizontal cable to a port onthe token ring network hub. Hub ports are connected to thepurple field using single-ended cords. The connectorised end ofthe cord requires an IBM Data Connector or modular plug. Thisdepends on the particular hub type. The unterminated end of thecord is punched down on a 110 wiring block.
Some vendors allow hub Ring IN and Ring OUT ports to bepatched to pairs in a backbone cable for connection to anothertoken ring hub located in a remote telecommunications closet orequipment room. Other vendors require the use of fibre forconnections between hub Ring IN and Ring OUT ports.
NOTE:
Refer to the appropriate Application Guide for specificrequirements.
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LOCAL ATM NETWORK APPLICATION
110C-4
BLUE HorizontalCable
DataOutlet
PURPLE
6 Ports
Pairs 2, 4
ATM NetworkSwitch or Concentratorwith ATM modules
WHITE
Equipment Cord
PC equippedwith an ATMAdapter Card
WHITEPURPLE
6 Ports
Equipment Cord
110C-4
ATM NetworkSwitch
D8CM CordRiser cable
Cat 5
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 103
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
ATM Forum UTP application
Avaya Communication SYSTIMAX SCS supports a localAsynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network using UTP cablingsystem components that are compliant with the following ATMPhysical Medium Dependent Interface Specifications:� 155.52Mbps using nonreturn to zero (NRZ) signalling overUTP Category 5 cabling.� 155.52Mbps using CAP64 signalling over UTP Category 3, 4and 5 cabling.� 51.84 Mbps using CAP16 signalling over UTP Category 3, 4,and 5 cabling (including the sub-rates of 25.92 and 12.96 Mbps).� 25.6 Mbps using NRZ signalling over UTP Category 3, 4, and5 cabling.ATM network switches come in two types: stand alone switchesand multiple-module switches. The number of ports in a switch ismanufacturer dependent. An area with many workstations mayrequire multiple stand-alone switches linked together withconnecting cords, or additional switch modules inserted into amultiple-module housing with the switch modules linked via thebackplane in the housing.A D8CM modular cord is used to interface the PC equipped withthe ATM interface card to the data outlet. Each station on anATM network requires two pair functionality: transmit is pair 2(pins 1 and 2) and receive is pair 4 (pins 7 and 8). At thetelecommunications closet these pairs are cross-connected fromthe horizontal cable in the blue field to the respective ATMswitch port in the purple field.
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Supported Link Lengths for Network Switch Ports
Application Type Cable Type Maximum LinkLength
155.52 Mbps NRZ UTP-CAT5 100 m155.52 Mbps CAP64 UTP-CAT3
UTP-CAT4UTP-CAT5
100 m140 m150 m
51.84 Mbps CAP16
Sub-rate 25.92 Mbps
Sub-rate 12.96 Mbps
UTP-CAT3UTP-CAT4UTP-CAT5
UTP-CAT3UTP-CAT4UTP-CAT5
UTP-CAT3UTP-CAT4UTP-CAT5
100 m140 m160 m
150 m223 m255 m
183 m280 m300 m
25.6 Mbps NRZ UTP-CAT3UTP-CAT4UTP-CAT5
100 m140 m150 m
NOTE: The TIA/EIA-568-A Standard allows a 90m cablemaximum from the TO to the blue field. SYSTIMAX SCSrecommends that installations comply with the standard to ensurecompatibility with future applications.
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ATM Forum UTP application (Cont’d)
The ATM switch can be connected to the purple field usingmodular single-ended cords, punching down the unterminated endon a 110-wiring block. When the switch is equipped with 25-pairconnectors, a 25-pair cable with 50 pin TELCO connectors can beused to terminate it on the purple field.It’s allowed to reduce the number of connections by moving thepurple field function to the switch, provided that the equipmentcan be properly labelled and connected through patch cords to theblue field without using adapters.The ATM switch can also be linked to other ATM switch locatedin a remote telecommunications closet or equipment room,through a Category 5 riser cable, either 25-pair or 4-pair. In thesecases the distance between switches is equivalent to a link length.Depending on the application type, SYSTIMAX supports linkdistances from 100m over 1010/2010 cable up to 300m over1061/2061 cable.
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HorizontalCable
Outlet
Concentratorwith ATM modules
FIBRE CONNECTIVITY OF ATM SWITCHES
PC equipped withan ATM adapter
Card
LIU
Dual FibrePatch Cord
Fibre OpticBackbone
Cable
Dual FibrePatch Cord
BLUE
D8CM Cord
Concentratorwith ATM modules
LIU
Equipment Cord
HorizontalCable
Outlet
PC equipped withan ATM adapter
Card
BLUE
D8CM Cord
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 107
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
ATM connectivity for switches using fibre
When the distance requirement exceeds the supported length forUTP cable, a 62.5/125 µm multimode graded-index orsinglemode fibre optic cable can connect switches. The fibre opticcable type supported and link length supported between switchesis manufacturer dependant.A Lightguide Interconnect Unit (LIU) houses the fibre opticbackbone cable, which is terminated with ST or SC connectors.Two dual-fibre patch cords are required to connect the switch tothe backbone cable.
ND3321SYSTIMAX SCS Overview 108
Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
Summary
In this lesson, the basic concepts of a premises cabling systemand in particular the primary qualities of a structured cablingsystem were presented. A structured cabling system was definedas a cohesive way of organising a cabling system and the basicrules governing its design and implementation were provided.Consistency, flexibility and adherence to a standard designformula were identified as the prime qualities of a structuredcabling system.
Avaya Communication, formerly Lucent Technologies, wasidentified as a pioneer in the creation of structured cablingsystems. Our initial offering in 1985, the SYSTIMAX PremisesDistribution System (known as PDS) actually provided thepattern for the current TIA -568-A telecommunications cablingstandard.
Today, Avaya Communication offers SYSTIMAX SCS, whichhandles voice, data, video, and image signals (includingapplications for industrial, education, and health-care markets); aswell as signals created by intelligent building control systemssuch as HVAC, security, and FLS.
A discussion of each of the six SYSTIMAX SCS subsystemsprovided critical parameters for each subsystem, along with ageneral description of the subsystem’s function and the productscommonly used. The information provided indicates thatSYSTIMAX SCS utilises 24-gauge copper twisted pair cablesalong with multimode and single mode fibre optic cables as itstransmission media. The use of these types of transmission mediamake it possible for the SYSTIMAX SCS to support the voice,data, video and image requirements of the systems being placedin buildings today and also in the foreseeable future.
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Copyright� 2000 Avaya. All rights reserved.October 2000
LESSON 1 SYSTIMAX SCS OVERVIEW QUIZ
1. T F SYSTIMAX SCS divides a complete structured wiring system into six subsystems, whilethe TIA/EIA 568-A standard divides it into seven subsystems.
2. T F A structured cabling system, such as SYSTIMAX SCS, can be used for alltelecommunications needs, now and in the future.
3. T F SYSTIMAX SCS supports the use of 26-gauge UTP cables along with multimode andsinglemode fibre optic cables.
4. T F The work area subsystem includes the Telecommunication outlet.
5. T F The maximum length of a horizontal cable run is 328 feet (100m).
6. T F The backbone (riser) subsystem generally utilises 4-pair cables.
7. T F The performance of cables meeting the proposed Category 6 standard is specified atfrequencies up to 250 MHz.
8. T F Crosstalk is the loss of energy, which occurs as a signal travels over a cable.
9. T F In a balanced circuit, neither of the signal-carrying conductors is grounded.
10. T F The Administration Subsystem components connect the Telecommunication outlet (TO)end of the Horizontal Subsystem to the voice or data equipment.
11. T F Delay Skew indicates the maximum propagation delay difference between pairs.
12. T F The PowerSum NEXT measurement assumes one disturbing pair and determines theamount of signal coupled into other pairs in the cable.
13. T F PowerSum NEXT compliance ensures that signals of the same type can coexist in the samecable.
14. T F Shielding effectiveness is independent of the grounding structure.
15. T F Bit-rate refers to how many bits can be transmitted in a given time period.
16. T F The two basic physical mechanisms that cause fibre to lose light are scattering anddispersion.
17. T F Modal dispersion occurs in singlemode fibre
18. T F Electrical protection devices are not included in the campus subsystem.
19. T F Blue coloured labels are used for identifying terminations of horizontal cables inTelecommunications Closets.
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