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FRBR: Cataloging’s New Frontier
Emily Dust NimsakontNebraska Library CommissionNCompass LiveDecember 15, 2010 Photo credit:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/fanz/160696504/
What is FRBR?
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
What is FRBR?
“a conceptual entity-relationship model … that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogues and bibliographic
databases from a user’s perspective”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRBR
“a conceptual entity-relationship model … that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogues and bibliographic
databases from a user’s perspective”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRBR
What’s a conceptual model?
An abstract way of thinking about a particular topic
Not cataloging rules
History of FRBR
Photo courtesy of Orange County Archives http://www.flickr.com/photos/ocarchives/2850534893/
FRBR grew out of a Seminar on Bibliographic Records
held in Stockholm in 1990
A resolution was passed “that a study be commissioned to define
the functional requirements for bibliographic records in relation to the variety of user needs and the variety of
media.”
A resolution was passed “that a study be commissioned to define
the functional requirements for bibliographic records in relation to the variety of user needs and the variety of
media.”
A group was formed in 1991 by International Federation of Library Associations and
Institutions (IFLA) to carry out the study.
The FRBR report was approved in 1997 and published in 1998.
It’s available at http://www.ifla.org/en/publications/functional-requirements-for-bibliographic-records
(Both the 1998 version and the current version)
Related Models
Functional Requirements for Authority Data
Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data
“a conceptual entity-relationship model … that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogues and bibliographic
databases from a user’s perspective”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRBR
User Tasks
FindIdentifySelectObtain
FISO
User Tasks
“to find entities that correspond to the user’s search criteria”
User Tasks“to identify an entity (i.e., to confirm that the
entity described corresponds to the entity sought, or to distinguish between two or
more entities with similar characteristics)”
User Tasks“to select an entity that is appropriate to the user’s needs (i.e., to choose an entity
that meets the user’s requirements with respect to content,
physical format, etc. ...)”
User Tasks
“to acquire or obtain access to
the entity described (i.e., to acquire an entity
through purchase, loan,
etc., or to access an entity
electronically…)”
“a conceptual entity-relationship model … that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogues and bibliographic
databases from a user’s perspective”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRBR
What’s an entity?
“a thing which is recognized as being capable of an independent existence and which can be
uniquely identified”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity-relationship_model
Entity
Entity
Entity
Entities have attributes.
Entity
Entity
EntityAttribute
Attribute
Attribute
Attribute
Attribute
Attribute
Attribute
Attribute
Attribute
Attribute
Attributes modify entities.
Entities have relationships.
Entity
Entity
EntityAttribute
Attribute
Attribute
Attribute
Attribute
Attribute
Attribute
Attribute
Attribute
Attribute
Relationships are links between entities.
relationship
relationship
FRBR has three groups of entities.
Group 1•Work•Expression•Manifestation•Item
Group 2•Person•Corporate Body
Group 3•Concept•Object•Place•Event•Group 1 & 2 Entities
Group 1 EntitiesThese entities are “products of intellectual or
artistic endeavor.”
They are the things represented by our catalog records.
Photo credits: http://www.flickr.com/photos/steventong/3556248355/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/cjc/3494515480/http://www.flickr.com/photos/greencolander/2160382976/
Group 1 Entities
WorkExpression
ManifestationItem
WEMI
Work
“a distinct intellectual or artistic creation”
Not represented in physical form
Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/escapist/730800562/
Expression
“the specific intellectual or artistic form that a work takes each time it is ‘realized’”
Still an abstract concept
Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dbdbrobot/140068142/
Manifestation
“the physical embodiment of an expression of a work”
Representation of a set of items with the same physical characteristics
Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heidigoseek/115581765/
Item
“a single exemplar of a manifestation”
One physical copy of a bookPhoto credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/steventong/3556248355/
Attributes of Group 1 Entities
Work Expression
ManifestationItem
Title of the work
Language
Dimensions
Inscriptions
Group 2 Entities
These entities are responsible for the production of the Group 1 entities.
They are authors, composers, illustrators, publishers, etc.
Photo credits: http://www.flickr.com/photos/audringje/3533601011/http://www.flickr.com/photos/dunechaser/123602414/http://www.flickr.com/photos/quasimondo/99732039/sizes/m/in/photostream/
Group 2 Entities
PersonCorporate Body
Attributes of Group 2 Entities
Person
Corporatebody
Dates
Place
Group 3 EntitiesThese entities are the subjects of Group 1
entities.
They are the things that our resources are about.Photo credits: http://www.flickr.com/photos/brianswan/3496233498/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ysc/2179798100/http://www.flickr.com/photos/manintheorangeshirt/3947383369/
Group 3 Entities
ConceptObjectPlaceEvent
Group 1 EntitiesGroup 2 Entities
Attributes of Group 3 Entities
Concept Object
Place Event
Term for concept
Term for object
Term for place
Term for event
37
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
is realized through
is embodied in
is exemplified by
recursive
one
many
Group 1
Image credit: Barbara Tillett, Library of Congress
Relationships Between Entitiesin the Same Group
Relationships Between Entitiesin Different Groups
Image credit: http://www.frbr.org/2006/02/25/more-relationships-between-groups
How is this different from what we’ve been doing?
Does FRBR make a difference?
WorldCat and FRBR
• Works with 1 manifestation = 87%• Works with 2-5 manifestations = 12%• Works with more than 5 manifestations = 1%
Eric Childress,“FRBR and OCLC Research,” April 10, 2006
http://www.oclc.org/research/presentations/childress/2006-0410-uncch-sils.ppt
WorldCat and FRBR
• Works with 1 manifestation = 43% of total holdings
• Works with 2-5 manifestations = 40% of total holdings
• Works with more than 5 manifestations = 17% of total holdings
Eric Childress,“FRBR and OCLC Research,” April 10, 2006
http://www.oclc.org/research/presentations/childress/2006-0410-uncch-sils.ppt
FRBR-ized Catalogs
Worldcat.org
Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/alapublishing/4265975757/
FRBR-ized Catalogs
xISBN and thingISBN Can be used with current catalogs
FRBR-ized Catalogs
OLAC Work-Centric Moving Image Discovery Interface Prototype
FRBR-ized Catalogs
AustLit
subscription servicesample results available
FRBR and RDA
RDA
= Resource Description and Access
= new cataloging rules based on FRBR and its
principles
FRBR and RDA
RDA Structure – Recording AttributesSection 1 – Recording Attributes of Manifestation
and ItemSection 2 – Recording Attributes of Work and
ExpressionSection 3 – Recording Attributes of Person, Family,
and Corporate BodySection 4 – Recording Attributes of Concept, Object,
Event, and Place
FRBR and RDA
RDA Structure – Recording RelationshipsSection 5 – Recording Primary Relationships Between a Work,
Expression, Manifestation, and ItemSection 6 – Recording Relationships to Persons, Families, and
Corporate Bodies Associated with a ResourceSection 7 – Recording Subject RelationshipsSection 8 – Recording Relationships Between Works, Expressions,
Manifestations and ItemsSection 9 – Recording Relationships Between Persons, Families,
and Corporate BodiesSection 10 – Recording Relationships Between Concepts, Objects,
Events, and Places
FRBR and RDA
FRBR Resources
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final Report
http://www.ifla.org/en/publications/functional-requirements-for-bibliographic-recordsWhat is FRBR? http://www.loc.gov/cds/downloads/FRBR.PDFThe FRBR Bloghttp://www.frbr.org/
FRBR Resources
University of Colorado at Boulder FRBR Discussion
http://cucataloging.blogspot.com/2010/05/brushing-up-on-frbr.htmlIFLA’s Guidelines for OPAC Displayshttp://archive.ifla.org/VII/s13/guide/opacguide03.pdf
FRBR Resources
FRBR: A Guide for the Perplexed, by Robert Maxwell
Understanding FRBR: What It Is and How it Will Affect Our Retrieval Tools, edited by Arlene Taylor
Thank you!
Emily Dust NimsakontCataloging Librarian
Nebraska Library Commission
emily.dust.nimsakont@nebraska.gov800-307-2665
www.delicious.com/NLC_Reference/ncompasslive+frbrwww.slideshare.net/nebraskaccess
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