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Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Navigation in Virtual Realitywith the Wii Balance Board
Andre Hilsendeger, Stephan Brandauer,Julia Tolksdorf, Christian Frohlich
Faculty of Technology, Artificial Intelligence Group
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 1/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
1 Introduction
2 Theory
3 Implementation
4 Usability Study
5 Conclusions
6 Future Work
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 2/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
student project
summer term 2009
goal:
navigation through apre-existing virtualworld with the WiiBalance Board
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 3/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
student project
summer term 2009
goal:
navigation through apre-existing virtualworld with the WiiBalance Board
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 3/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Motivation
hands-free
feet naturally used for movement → intuitive
low-cost
usable outside of the CAVE
easily transportable and to install
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 4/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Motivation
hands-free
feet naturally used for movement → intuitive
low-cost
usable outside of the CAVE
easily transportable and to install
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 4/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Motivation
hands-free
feet naturally used for movement → intuitive
low-cost
usable outside of the CAVE
easily transportable and to install
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 4/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Motivation
hands-free
feet naturally used for movement → intuitive
low-cost
usable outside of the CAVE
easily transportable and to install
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 4/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Motivation
hands-free
feet naturally used for movement → intuitive
low-cost
usable outside of the CAVE
easily transportable and to install
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 4/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The Wii Balance Board
four pressure sensors
up to 150kg
cheap
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 5/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The Wii Balance Board
four pressure sensors
up to 150kg
cheap
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 5/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The Wii Balance Board
four pressure sensors
up to 150kg
cheap
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 5/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The CAVE
3 walls → 6 projectors
frontleftfloor
6 render-clients
application-server
tracking-server
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 6/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The CAVE
3 walls → 6 projectors
frontleftfloor
6 render-clients
application-server
tracking-server
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 6/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The CAVE
3 walls → 6 projectors
frontleftfloor
6 render-clients
application-server
tracking-server
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 6/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The CAVE
3 walls → 6 projectors
frontleftfloor
6 render-clients
application-server
tracking-server
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 6/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Biosphere
former student-project
green-house on a mars-likesurface
navigation with hand-gestures
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 7/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Biosphere
former student-project
green-house on a mars-likesurface
navigation with hand-gestures
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 7/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Biosphere
former student-project
green-house on a mars-likesurface
navigation with hand-gestures
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 7/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Navigation Metaphors
leaning aside:
→ steering
leaning forward or backward:
→ controlling speed→ controlling acceleration
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 8/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Navigation Metaphors
leaning aside:
→ steering
leaning forward or backward:
→ controlling speed→ controlling acceleration
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 8/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Navigation Metaphors
leaning aside:
→ steering
leaning forward or backward:
→ controlling speed→ controlling acceleration
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 8/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Navigation Metaphors
leaning aside:
→ steering
leaning forward or backward:
→ controlling speed
→ controlling acceleration
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 8/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Navigation Metaphors
leaning aside:
→ steering
leaning forward or backward:
→ controlling speed OR→ controlling acceleration
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 8/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The User-Vector
user-input → vector
all examples for the front/back angle α
∆F =P
F −P
FPF
→ ∆F ∈ [−1, 1]
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 9/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The User-Vector
user-input → vector
all examples for the front/back angle α
∆F =P
F −P
FPF
→ ∆F ∈ [−1, 1]
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 9/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The User-Vector
user-input → vector
all examples for the front/back angle α
∆F =P
F −P
FPF
→ ∆F ∈ [−1, 1]
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 9/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The User-Vector
user-input → vector
all examples for the front/back angle α
∆F =P
F −P
FPF
→ ∆F ∈ [−1, 1]
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 9/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The User-Vector
first approach: α ∝ ∆F
difficult to produce 0◦
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 10/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The User-Vector
first approach: α ∝ ∆F
difficult to produce 0◦
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 10/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The User-Vector
next step: α(∆F ) = tan(π4 (∆F )3)
→ flat near 0◦, but difficult to reachmaximum angle
thin: tan( π4 ∆F )
thick: tan( π4 (∆F )3)
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 11/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The User-Vector
next step: α(∆F ) = tan(π4 (∆F )3)
→ flat near 0◦, but difficult to reachmaximum angle
thin: tan( π4 ∆F )
thick: tan( π4 (∆F )3)
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 11/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The User-Vector
piecewise function:
α(∆F ) =
{1
1+e−c( ∆F−d) − 11+ec·d) if ∆F ≥ 0
− 11+e−c(−∆F−d) + 1
1+ec·d else
c controls steepnessd = position of the steepest arealast term: shift to α(0) = 0 to achieve acontinous function
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 12/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The User-Vector
piecewise function:
α(∆F ) =
{1
1+e−c( ∆F−d) − 11+ec·d) if ∆F ≥ 0
− 11+e−c(−∆F−d) + 1
1+ec·d else
c controls steepnessd = position of the steepest area
last term: shift to α(0) = 0 to achieve acontinous function
c = 10
d = 0.45
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 12/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
The User-Vector
piecewise function:
α(∆F ) =
{1
1+e−c( ∆F−d) − 11+ec·d) if ∆F ≥ 0
− 11+e−c(−∆F−d) + 1
1+ec·d else
c controls steepnessd = position of the steepest arealast term: shift to α(0) = 0 to achieve acontinous function
c = 10
d = 0.45
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 12/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Implementation
C++
Open SG1
WiiUse API (customized version)2
1http://opensg.vrsource.org2http://www.wiiuse.net/
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 13/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
study
13 test subjects
average age of 22
each test subject:
1. 5 minutes training with eachnavigation metaphor
2. follow a path with each navigationmetaphor
3. answer a questionnaire
to avoid habituation: randomizedorder of metaphors
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 14/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
study
13 test subjects
average age of 22
each test subject:
1. 5 minutes training with eachnavigation metaphor
2. follow a path with each navigationmetaphor
3. answer a questionnaire
to avoid habituation: randomizedorder of metaphors
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 14/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
study
13 test subjects
average age of 22
each test subject:
1. 5 minutes training with eachnavigation metaphor
2. follow a path with each navigationmetaphor
3. answer a questionnaire
to avoid habituation: randomizedorder of metaphors
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 14/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
study
13 test subjects
average age of 22
each test subject:
1. 5 minutes training with eachnavigation metaphor
2. follow a path with each navigationmetaphor
3. answer a questionnaire
to avoid habituation: randomizedorder of metaphors
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 14/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
study
13 test subjects
average age of 22
each test subject:
1. 5 minutes training with eachnavigation metaphor
2. follow a path with each navigationmetaphor
3. answer a questionnaire
to avoid habituation: randomizedorder of metaphors
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 14/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
study
13 test subjects
average age of 22
each test subject:
1. 5 minutes training with eachnavigation metaphor
2. follow a path with each navigationmetaphor
3. answer a questionnaire
to avoid habituation: randomizedorder of metaphors
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 14/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Questionnaire
1 It was easy to learn to navigate-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3
2 I didn’t need to think after a while-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3
3 I was able to stop wherever and however I wanted-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3
4 I never lost control-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3
5 I did not have a feeling of limited freedom of movement-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3
6 I had fun-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3
+3 = I fully agree
-3 = I don’t agree at all
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 15/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Results
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 16/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Conclusions
good way to keep hands free
simple to use
easy to learn
fun
relatively low precision
highly dependent on user’s taste and scenario
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 17/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Conclusions
good way to keep hands free
simple to use
easy to learn
fun
but:
relatively low precision
highly dependent on user’s taste and scenario
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 17/18
Title Introduction Theory Implementation Usability Study Conclusions Future Work
Future Work
user-study comparing the Wii Balance Board with other inputdevices
scenario combining the Wii Balance Board and otherhand-input
Navigation in Virtual Reality with the Wii Balance Board 18/18
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