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National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela1
NATIONAL URBAN POLICIES:A Series of International Examples
Andrea OyuelaRegional Planning Officer, Regional and Metropolitan Planning Unit, UN-Habitat
andrea.oyuela@unhabitat.org
Final regional meeting on the strengthening national capacity for sustainable housing, urban development and land management
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National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela2
A need for National Urban Policies
Challenges in the ECE region and economies in transition:
– Centralized planning system
– Weak institutional integration
– Sectorial management of economies
– Shortage of expertise
– Few countries with NUPs
– Less-participatory policies
– Inadequate implementation mechanisms
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National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela3
National Urban Policies (NUPs)
• A coherent set of decisions;• Deliberate government-led
process;• Coordinating and rallying actors
towards a common vision/goal;• Participatory and inclusive
approach;• For the long-term.
Both a process and a product.
National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela44
Potential of NUPs for SDGs
National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela5
UN-Habitat is currently supporting 28 countries with the
development of their National Urban Policy
An active portfolio for NUP development with budget over USD 7 million
National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela6
NUPs Around the World
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Worldwide cases of National Urban Policies: AUSTRALIA │ GHANA │ INDIA │ MEXICO │ SOUTH AFRICA
National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela7
AUSTRALIA – “Smart Cities Plan”
• Historically, Australia has lacked explicit visioning to guide NUPs.
• Main challenge: lack of integrated policy on behalf of a national-level authority*.
• Multiple efforts to shift, e.g. Building Better Cities Programme, 1990’s
• Coordination at the heart of NUPs.
Worldwide cases of National Urban Policies: AUSTRALIA │ GHANA │ INDIA │ MEXICO │ SOUTH AFRICA
STATUS: FORMULATION
*The Evolution of National Urban Policies. UN-Habitat, 2014.
National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela8
AUSTRALIA – “Smart Cities Plan”
• Setting the central vision for the country.
• Inform planning and investment in the country’s largest and smaller-regionalcities.
• 03 ‘smart’ pillars: smart investment, smart policy, and smart technology.
Worldwide cases of National Urban Policies: AUSTRALIA │ GHANA │ INDIA │ MEXICO │ SOUTH AFRICA
READ MORE
National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela9
GHANA – “National Urban Policy Framework”
• Recognizing potential of urbanization for economic & social development.
• Four-year process, including extensive domestic consultation.
• Supported by strong advocacy campaign on media (TV & radio) for its sensitization.
Worldwide cases of National Urban Policies: AUSTRALIA │ GHANA │ INDIA │ MEXICO │ SOUTH AFRICA
STATUS: IMPLEMENTATION
National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela10
GHANA – “National Urban Policy Framework”
• 12 objectives for policy implementation.
• Implemented through a National Urban Policy Action Plan.
• 5-year framework of implementation.
• Challenges regarding implementing actor.
READ MORE
Worldwide cases of National Urban Policies: AUSTRALIA │ GHANA │ INDIA │ MEXICO │ SOUTH AFRICA
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National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela11
INDIA – “100 Smart Cities Programme”
• Metropolitan areas experiencing stagnation*.
• Need to tackle horizontal urban areas to harness the benefits of agglomeration.
• Efforts:– First program (JNNURM) in 2005.
– Pro-poor program (RAY) in 2013.
Worldwide cases of National Urban Policies: AUSTRALIA │ GHANA │ INDIA │ MEXICO │ SOUTH AFRICA
STATUS: FORMULATION
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*World bank (2013). Urbanization beyond municipal boundaries: nurturing metropolitan economies and connecting peri-urban areas in India.
National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela12
INDIA – “100 Smart Cities Programme”
• New “urban era” of India.
• Cities are thought of as an “eco-system”.
• Three main areas of action: retrofitting, redevelopment, and pan-city projects that will include smart solutions.
• Avoid pitfalls of JNURM: one-year consultation process with multi-level tiers, from top to bottom, to ensure sustainability. READ MORE
Worldwide cases of National Urban Policies: AUSTRALIA │ GHANA │ INDIA │ MEXICO │ SOUTH AFRICA
National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela13
MEXICO – “National Urban Housing Policy”
• Slightly ahead in the region: formal policy in place.
• Challenges for urban development:
– Outdated legislation
– Inflexible institutions
– Lack of an integrated vision
– Weak local authorities with short-time horizons
STATUS: IMPLEMENTATION
Worldwide cases of National Urban Policies: AUSTRALIA │ GHANA │ INDIA │ MEXICO │ SOUTH AFRICA
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National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela14
MEXICO – National Urban Housing Policy
• Established in 2013.
• Introduces new principles of urban development.
• Formulated through extensive national consultation.
• Successes, so far:– Reconsideration of housing subsidies to hinder sprawl
– Expansion of supply of low-income housing
– More environmentally-friendly housing
– More inclusive housing
Worldwide cases of National Urban Policies: AUSTRALIA │ GHANA │ INDIA │ MEXICO │ SOUTH AFRICA
READ MORE
National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela15
SOUTH AFRICA – “Integrated Urban Development Framework”
• Popular sentiment towards rural development has hindered NUPs.
• Shift to Integrated cities = functional cities = productive cities
• National Development Plan (2012) aims at integration of settlements through the potential of and roles of subnational actors.
STATUS: IMPLEMENTATION
Worldwide cases of National Urban Policies: AUSTRALIA │ GHANA │ INDIA │ MEXICO │ SOUTH AFRICA
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National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela16
SOUTH AFRICA – “Integrated Urban Development Framework”
• Drafted in 2014.• Requirement for every city to
formulate a long-term growth and development strategy (GDS) with a 30-year timeframe.
• The GDS will be a shared vision & guide for each city.
• Expected outcome: strengthen local authorities to deliver housing and basic services.
Worldwide cases of National Urban Policies: AUSTRALIA │ GHANA │ INDIA │ MEXICO │ SOUTH AFRICA
READ MORE
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National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela17
CONCLUDING REMARKS
• Needs collective visioning to be sustainable, e.g. consultationsamong tiers of government and public participation.
• Efforts don’t stop in formulation & approval; needscontinuation for its implementation, e.g. Mexico.
• Value in mobilizing actors and resources to guarantee NUPimplementation, e.g. success in Australia, challenge in Ghana.
• The potential of local authorities for implementation:translating national-level principles to the local level, e.g.success in South Africa, challenge in Mexico.
National Urban Policies: A series of International Examples| Session 02 | 05 October 2017. Chișinău, Moldova| Andrea Oyuela18
Regional and Metropolitan Planning Unit, Urban Planning and Design Branch
United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)
P.O. Box 30030 | Nairobi 00100, Kenya
rmpu@unhabitat.org
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