National Geodetic Survey 101 geodesy.noaa.gov. What is geodesy? Geodesy is the science of measuring...

National Geodetic Survey 101

geodesy.noaa.gov

What is geodesy?

Geodesy is the science of measuring

and monitoring the size and shape of

the Earth.

The Earth is an irregular surface, difficult

to model.

Accurate positions are required for a wide

variety of applications.(e.g. monitoring climate change impacts and sea level change)

Why is geodesy important?

The Earth constantly changes.

Monitoring position and height is important!

Benchmark set at 0.2m (1980)

NGS’ MissionTo define, maintain and provide access to the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) to meet our Nation’s economic, social, and environmental needs. …………………………………………….........................

The NSRS is a consistent coordinate system that defines latitude, longitude, height, scale, gravity, orientation, and shoreline throughout the United States.

Geodetic control (NSRS) is the foundation for all geospatial products.

Without a geodetic control “base map” layer, GIS applications will not work properly!

Accurate positions beginwith accurate coordinates!

Imag

e S

ourc

e: U

nkno

wn

Inconsistent geospatial information results in inconsistent positions.

Some GPS units provide 70 different datums!

(Location of a flagpole in Riverside, California)

INSERT GRAPHIC WITH BULLSEYE PROPERLY SIZED(Brian Shaw will look for an alternative graphic to use instead.)

Passive Control(Monuments)

The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) has been around a long time!Our Nation’s first civilian science agency.

NGS and the NSRS continue to evolve!

The National Spatial Reference System continues to evolve with us.

1878Ferdinand HasslerU.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey

1807Thomas JeffersonSurvey of the Coast

GPSGNSS

1970NOAA is established

ActiveControl(CORS)

Expansion of the National Spatial Reference System

Video available at: http://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/foundations/spatial/survey_network.html

1816 to 2006

NGS ProgramsModernizing the NSRS

OPUS GPS Satellite Orbits

CORS GRAV-DHeight Modernization ECO

Airport Surveys VDatum

Geodetic Advisor Program

Emergency Response Imagery

Coastal Mapping

NGS Products and Services

Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS)

Enable accurate positing

Provide interface between land and ocean observing systems

CORS at tide stations: contribute to local and global sea-level rise calculations

CORS data used to:

monitor and predict distribution of moisture and electrons in the atmosphere

produce ionosphere models of total electron content impacting GNSS-derived position accuracy

~ 1900 Stations

2014 CORS Network

http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/CORS/

Over 2.8 millions solutions processed since 2002

Processed automatically on NGS computers

Solution via email in minutes

Online Positioning User Service (OPUS)

http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/OPUS//

Fast, easy, consistent access to NSRS

GPS Satellite Orbits

NGS is one of several Analysis Centers (AC) of the International Global Navigation Satellite Systems Service (IGS).

The accuracy of a user-determined GPS position is directly related to the accuracy of the GPS orbit information used.

Data from Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) and IGS stations are used to determine GPS satellite orbits, station positions, and Earth orientation.

http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/orbits/

Height Modernization

Used to determine accurate heights using GPS/GNSS with traditional

leveling, gravity, and modern remote sensing observations.

Dam, levee safety

Evacuation planning

Hazard mitigation

Flood-plain mapping

Subsidence monitoring

Determining high-water

marks

http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/heightmod/Regional.shtml

Making evacuation routes safer for citizens to escape flood-prone areas

Evacuation Route Analysis

Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/GRAV-D/

Project to collect gravity data to

redefine the U.S. vertical datum

by 2022 (at current funding levels)

Target: 2-centimeter accuracy

relative to sea level (orthometric

heights) using GPS/GNSS and a

geoid model.

GRAV-D Status May 2014: 35%

Ellipsoidal Datums

Orthometric Datums

Tidal Datums

MHHW, MHW, MTL, DTL, LMSL, MLW, MLLW

NAVD 88, NGVD 29

WGS 84, NAD 83 (NSRS) +17 others

(MSL)

VDatum

All elevation data are referenced to a vertical datum.

Many different vertical datums are used around the Nation.

For elevation data sets to be blended together, they must be referenced to the same vertical datum.

VDATUM provides a solution!

http://vdatum.noaa.gov/

NGS ECO uses precise positioning models,

tools, and techniques for marsh

restoration and to support community

resilience in response to climate change.

NGS develops guidelines for collecting

elevation data and monitoring

restoration projects.Courtesy USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center

NGS Ecosystem and Climate Operations (ECO)

http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/web/science_edu/ecosystems_climate/

NGS’ Coastal Mapping Program (CMP)

NGS produces the Nation’s shoreline to define territorial limits.

Up-to-date shoreline: is an integral component of

NOAA Nautical Charts supports wide range of coastal

applications

To survey the shoreline, NGS uses remote sensing technologies (imagery, lidar, radar, etc.) from various sources (aircraft, satellites) and continually assesses new technologies and workflows.

http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/RSD/cmp.shtml

Emergency Response Imagery

To support NOAA national security and

emergency response requirements, NGS collects high-resolution, geo-referenced imagery of

the effects of disasters such as hurricanes,

tornados, and earthquakes.

http://storms.ngs.noaa.gov/eri_page/index.html

Aeronautical Survey Program

NGS has a long-standing relationship with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to conduct airport surveys. These surveys are used to develop runway approach procedures and obstructions charts.

Activities include:Establish quality assurance/quality control standards for third-party aeronautical survey data (primary function)

Develop survey standards, guidelines, tools, and models to assist surveyors conducting aeronautical surveys

Provide positional, height, and orientation data to the FAA in support of the National Airspace System (NAS) and safe navigation

http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/AERO/aero.html

NGS Geodetic Advisor Programhttp://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/ADVISORS/

The NGS Geodetic Advisor Program currently provides either a NOAA employee (jointly funded by NOAA and the state) or a designated coordinator residing in the state.

Geodetic advisors guide and assist the state’s geodetic and surveying programs.

Advisor program is transitioning to a regional approach for more coverage but fewer advisors.

Fishing and BoatingFishing and BoatingOil ExplorationOil Exploration

Trucking and ShippingTrucking and Shipping Surveying and MappingSurveying and Mapping

Precision AgriculturePrecision Agriculture

AviationAviation

NGS Provides the Geospatial Infrastructure Critical to Our Economy through the NSRS

Disaster ResponseDisaster Response

CORSCORS NavigationNavigation

Satellite Operations

Survey Marks

Personal Navigation

The NSRS Supports:

National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNSRS positioning data provides the reference for NOAA’s nautical charts, among many other geospatial applications.

Federal Emergency Management AgencyFEMA uses NSRS elevations to determine flood zones for the National Flood Insurance Program.

United States Army Corps of EngineersUSACE uses NSRS elevations to determine levee heights and positions in their Levee Safety Program.

United States Geological SurveyUSGS uses the NSRS to geospatially reference their Topographic Maps and interior water data for the nation.

National Geospatial Intelligence AgencyNSRS gravity data contributes to NGA’s geospatial mission.

Location, Location, and Elevation! NGS Positioning Products Worth Billions!

NSRS worth $2.4 billion per year, $22 billion over 15 years at a discounted rate.

CORS worth $758 million per year; $6.9 billion over 15 years at a discounted rate.

GRAV-D worth $522 million per year through implementation of a new national vertical datum; $4.8 billion over 15 years at a discounted rate, including $2.2 billion for improved floodplain management alone.

One-page handout available at: http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/INFO/OnePagers/socio_eco_handout.pdf

http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/Socio-EconomicBenefitsofCORSandGRAV-D.pdf

Coastal Mapping Program Benefits

http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/web/news/Big_Benefits_from_NGS_Coastal_Mapping.shtml

Total economic benefits estimated in excess of $200 million per year

Combined direct and indirect return of $35 for every $1 in program cost

CMP supports ~1500 jobs including 40 full-time jobs (CMP and contractors)

The National Geodetic Survey Ten-Year Plan

Support the users of the National Spatial Reference System.

Modernize and improve the National Spatial Reference System.

Expand the National Spatial Reference System stakeholder base through partnerships, education, and outreach.

Develop and enable a workforce with a supportive environment.

Improve organizational and administrative functionality.

http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/web/news/Ten_Year_Plan_2013-2023.pdf

New Datums Are Coming in 2022!

Both a new geometric and a new geopotential (vertical) datum will be released in 2022.

The realization of the new datums will be through GNSS receivers.

NGS will provide the tools to easily transform between the new and old datums.

How will the new datums affect you?

The new geometric datum

will change latitude, longitude,

and ellipsoid height by between

1 and 2 meters.

The new vertical (geopotential)

datum will change heights on

average 50 cm (20''), with

a 1-meter (39'') tilt towards

the Pacific Northwest.

What’s Next for Geodetic Datums?

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLsyDl_aqUTdFY6eKURmiCBBk-mP4R10Dx

New Datums: What to do now Move to newest realizations.

NAD 83(2011) epoch 2010.00USGG12 (gravimetric geoid) / GEOID12A (hybrid geoid)

Obtain precise ellipsoid heights on NAVD 88 bench marks. (OPUS-DB, contact NGS Geodetic Advisor)Improves hybrid geoid models and provides “hard points” in new vertical datum.Follow new NGS Guidelines when released.

Move from NGVD 29 to NAVD 88.Understand the accuracy of VERTCON in your area.

Move away from passive marks to GNSS.Especially, move away from classical passive control.

Require/provide complete metadata for all mapping contracts.How did they get the positions/heights? Document it!

New Datums: How can you prepare?Watch for upcoming NGS status updates via conferences, reports, webinars.

Understand the impact of changing positions and heights for your community, company, or agency.

We’re here to help! New Datums Webpage:http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/datums/newdatums/NewDatums.shtml

NGS Info Center: ngs.InfoCenter@noaa.gov

Find a Geodetic Advisor:http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/ADVISORS/AdvisorsIndex.shtml

Geometric Datum Manager:

Joe Evjen Joe.Evjen@noaa.gov

Geopotential Datum Manager:

Dr. Dru Smith Dru.Smith@noaa.gov http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/INFO/NGSinfo.shtml

NGS Workshop, Conference, and Training Opportunities

http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/web/science_edu/training/

Training Classes

Workshops and Conferences

NGS Online Learning Resources

http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/multimedia/

NOS Online Learning Resources cover NGS programs and more.

NGS Presentations Library

http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/web/science_edu/presentations_library/

Sign up for NGS Training Notificationshttp://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/web/science_edu/training/

Sign up for the NGS ListServehttp://www.geodesy.noaa.gov/

Questions?