Nathan Hall Senior Lecturer in Criminology and Policing Thursday 11 th September 2008

Nathan HallSenior Lecturer in Criminology and Policing

Thursday 11th September 2008

Background

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Seven questions1. What is hate crime?2. How much of it is there?3. Who is affected?4. Where is it occurring?5. When is it occurring?6. Why is it occurring?7. What can be done to make the situation

better?3

“Any hate incident, which may or may not constitute a criminal offence, which is perceived by the victim or any other person, as being motivated by prejudice or hate”

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Degree of Offender’s Prejudice

Strength ofCausalRelation

High

Low

High Low

IHigh prejudice/High causation

IIHigh prejudice/Low causation

IIILow prejudice/High causation

IVLow prejudice/Low causation

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“how much hate crime there is and what the appropriate response should be depends upon how hate crime is conceptualised and defined.”

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5,862

11,050

23,346

20,628

16,711

15,453

15,319

15,449

477 462 390 467 484 290 324 2610

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

'Hat

e Cr

imes

' rec

orde

d by

the

polic

e

Year

London (racist incidents) New York (all hate crimes)

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James B. Jacobs

“These assertions [that underpin differential responses to hate crimes] depend upon empirical assumptions that seem dubious and have not been substantiated.”

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Andrew Sullivan

“To be sure, we have made much progress. Anyone who argues that America is as inhospitable to minorities and to women today as it has been in the past has not read much history”.

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“We should perhaps take a step back and carefully consider what it is that we are responding to in order to ensure that our efforts are appropriate, effective and above all built upon solid foundations”

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Seven (impossible) questions?1. What is hate crime?2. How much of it is there?3. Who is affected?4. Where is it occurring?5. When is it occurring?6. Why is it occurring?7. What can be done to make the situation

better?13

Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose?

A decade of progress?

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Contact Other publications

Nathan HallICJS, Ravelin House,Museum Road,Portsmouth, PO1 2QQ.nathan.hall@port.ac.uk02392 843065

Hall, N. (2002). Blind Prejudice: The Impact of Hate Crime. Police Review, 18/10/02.

 Hall, N. (2005). Hate Crime. Collumpton, Willan

Publishing. Hall, N. (2005). Community Responses to Hate Crime. In

F. Pakes, & J. Winstone (eds). Community Justice. Collumpton, Willan Publishing.

 Hall, N. (2006). Proactive Anti-Racism. Police Professional,

Issue 49, pp 21-24. Hall, N. (2007). Policing Hatred. Police, March, p28-29. Hall, N. (2008a, forthcoming). Making Sense of Numbers:

The Social Construction of Hate Crime in London and New York. Vienna, European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia.

 Hall, N. (2008b, forthcoming). Policing Racist Hate Crime.

In H. S. Bhui (ed.) Race and Criminal Justice. London, Sage.

 Hall, N. and Hayden, C. (2007). Is ‘hate crime’ a relevant

and useful way of conceptualising some forms of school bullying? International Journal on Violence in Schools. 3, p3-24.