NAS Features Presentation

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NAS Features Presentation

SR200

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Agenda

• BT

• iTune and Podcasting

• RAID Migration

• DLNA and UPnP

• Samba

• Print Server

• DDNS

• Backup

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BT

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What is BT

• BitTorrent – A peer-to-peer file distribution protocol– Contain Client and tracker– Use a torrent file with a suffix .torrent

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BT Components

• Client

• Server– Tracker, Web Server

• Torrent file

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How BT works

• Server– Tracker service– Web service– Relate the .torrent file with the types of MIME

application/x-bittorrent – Create .torrent file with tracker and URL of

resource– Publish .torrent file to the Web– Create Web page with .torrent file link– Run a origin or seed

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How BT works

• Client– Install BitTorrent– Provide Web browser– Link the .torrent file– Choose where the file will be saved– Wait for download until succeed– Cancel the bt process

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.torrent file format

• d8:announce34:http://tracker.ydy.com:86/announce10:createdby13:BitComet/0.5813:creationdatei1117953113e8:encoding3:GBK4:infod6:lengthi474499162e4:name51:05.262005.StarWars Episode IV A New Hope-Rv9.rmvb10:name.utf-851:05.26.2005.Star WasEpisode IV A New Hope-Rv9.rmvb12:piecelengthi262144e6:pieces36220:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

• Tracker: http://tracker.ydy.com:86/announce• Create by BitComet/0.58• Caeation date: 1117953113 second after 1970-1-1 00:00• Info

– Length : 474499162 bytes– Name : 05.262005.StarWars Episode IV A New Hope-Rv9.rmvb– Name. UTF-8 : 05.262005.StarWars Episode IV A New Hope-Rv9.rmvb– Piece length : 262144 bytes– Pieces : 36220 bytes– SHA-1 hash value

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How BT works

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How BT works

• Peer to Tracker– info_hash– peer_id– port– uploaded– downloaded– left

– compact– event– ip– numwant– trackerid

– compact– event– ip– numwant– trackerid

Info hash, peer id, download, ip, numwant

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How BT works

• Tracker to peer– failure reason– warning message– interval– min interval– tracker id

– complete– incomplete– peers

• peer id• ip• port

– complete– incomplete– peers

• peer id• ip• port

peers ( peer id, ip, port )

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How BT works

• info <len><id><payload>– keep-alive: <len=0000> every two minutes– choke: <len=0001><id=0>– unchoke: <len=0001><id=1> – interested: <len=0001><id=2> – not interested: <len=0001><id=3>

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How BT works

• info <len><id><payload>– have: <len=0005><id=4><piece index>– bitfield: <len=0001+X><id=5><bitfield>– request:

<len=0013><id=6><index><begin><length>– piece:

<len=0009+X><id=7><index><begin><block>– cancel:

<len=0013><id=8><index><begin><length>

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How BT works

• Operation Feature– stream operation ( five packet once )– segment choice ( choose order )– random first segment– the fewest first– last step mode

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BT on NAS

• Play a client role

• Save users resources

• Continous download files without PC

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iTune and Podcast

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What is iTune

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What’s iTune can do

• Playlists• Music Library• iMix• Internet radio• File format support

– MP3, AIFF, WAV, MPEG-4, AAC

• Music sharing– Digital Audio Access Protocol (DAAP)

• Video• Podcasting • Synchronizing iPod and other players

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How iTune works (DAAP)

• The protocol is introduced by Apple in its iTunes software to share media across a local network

• A DAAP server is a specialized HTTP server

• Requests are sent to the server by the client in form of URLs

( daap://server/server-info or http://server:3689 )

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How iTune works (DAAP)

• It sends a list of songs and it streams requested songs to clients

• The responses have the mime-type application/x-dmap-tagged

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What’s Podcast

• A podcast is a media file that is distributed by subscription (paid or unpaid) over the Internet using syndication feeds

• The host or author of a podcast is often called a podcaster

• It is distinguished from other digital audio formats by its ability to be downloaded automatically, using software capable of reading feed formats such as RSS or Atom

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What’s Podcast

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How to podcasting

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iTune and Podcast on NAS

• Both play server roles

• Reduce the time of users to organize the media files

• Provide a podcast server to outside users without PC

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RAID migration

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RAID Migration

• Allows data volumes to be moved between different-sized RAID groups

• Use to– maintain data integrity – allow normal business to continue

• Benefits– Provides non-stop logical volume migration to different

RAID groups comprised of larger capacity disk drives – Enables non-stop migration of RAID groups to match

specific needs for higher reliability and performance

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RAID Migration

http://www.fujitsu.com/global/services/computing/storage/system/eternus4000/feature/STRSYS_D09.html

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RAID Migration

http://www.fujitsu.com/global/services/computing/storage/system/eternus4000/feature/STRSYS_D09.htmlhttp://www.fujitsu.com/global/services/computing/storage/system/eternus4000/feature/STRSYS_D09.html

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DLNA and UPnP

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DLNA

• Digital Living Network Alliance

• Digital Home Working Group (DHWG, formerly)

• DLNA is a cross-industry organization– leading consumer electronics, computing

industry and mobile device companies.

• Members companies:– Intel, Microsoft, Sony, Quanta…etc.

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DLNA Purpose

• Aim to industry standards– Allow products from all companies to be

compatible with each other

• Enable a network of electronic devices in the home– consumers will be able to enjoy digital living

easily

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DLNA Purpose (cont.)

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Scenario

Gateway

Enjoy listening to the music stored in NAS on

high quality audio system

Access favorite TV shows from DVR, and view them on TV

The menu shows videos stored in NAS. Now, we can watch Videos or Photos on a large-screen TV

Favorite TV shows had recorded on DVR

A NAS is joining the home network. It becomes a

multimedia server

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DLNA Scenarios (cont.)

• The devices can discover and learn about others automatically.

• Customers easily enjoy their life.

• DLNA certificate is available now through PMTC (Professional Multimedia Test center)

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DLNA Interoperability Guidelines

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What is UPnP?

• Universal Plug and Play– dynamically join a network and obtain an IP

address – convey its capabilities, and learn about other

devices– enabling discovery and control of devices

• All automatically and zero-configuration

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What is UPnP?

• uses standard TCP/IP protocol suit

• operating system 、 programming language and physical medium independent

• E.g. network-attached printers and consumer electronics equipment.

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Who Defines UPnP?

• Universal Plug and Play Forum (UPnP Forum)

• http://www.upnp.org/

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UPnP Enabled Device

UPnP Enabled Device

UPnP Enabled Device

Control Point

Device

Root Device

Embedded Device

Device

Service

Service 2Service 1

Service

Service 2Service 1

Control Point

Service

StateTable

ControlServer

EventServer

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Devices

• A UPnP device consists of services and nested devices – a VCR device may consist of tape transport 、

tuner and clock services. – A TV/VCR combo device would consist not

just of services, but a nested device (VCR) as well.

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Services

• A service in a UPnP device consists of a state table ,a control and an event server

• It can exposes actions and models its state with state variables – E.g. a clock service

• a state variable, current_time– defines the state of the clock

• two actions, set_time and get_time– allow you to control the service.

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Control Points

• Is a controller capable of discovering and controlling other devices.– Retrieve the information of interesting devices

• Get the device and service descriptions

– Invoke actions to control the service • Set_time

– Subscribe to the service’s event source• E.g. Subscribers would receive an event when a

fire alarm service changes its state to “ringing”

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Protocols Used by UPnP

UPnP Vendor Defined

UPnP Forum Working Committee Defined

UPnP Device Architecture Defined

HTTPMU(Discovery)

HTTPU(Discovery)

SOAP(Control)

HTTP(Description)

UDP TCP

SSDP GENA SSDP

IP

HTTP

GENA(Events)

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking• Addressing

– A new device connects to a UPnP network and obtain an IP address• Discovery

– Let others know “I join your club” (device)– Search any interesting devices (control point)

• Description– I wanna know more about you (device description)

• Control– A control point knows a clock service of an alarm clock device and

invoke set_time to adjust the time (service description)• Eventing

– A control point subscribes the “time is up” event to a alarm service– The alarm service changes its state to “time is up” and sends an event

to subscribers• Presentation (Optional ,vendor defined)

– Web page of a device. Allow users viewing the state and controlling the device

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking

• Addressing– DHCP (DHCP server & client)– Auto IP (reserved private addresses)

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking

• Discovery – SSDP (Simple Service Discovery Protocol)– device to advertise its services to control points

on the network • NOTIFY * HTTP/1.1

HOST: 239.255.255.250:1900CACHE-CONTROL: max-age = seconds until advertisement expiresLOCATION: URL for UPnP description for root deviceNT: search targetNTS: ssdp:aliveSERVER: OS/version UPnP/1.0 product/versionUSN: advertisement UUID

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking

• Discovery (cont.)– control point to search for devices of interest

on the network. • M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1

HOST: 239.255.255.250:1900MAN: "ssdp:discover"MX: seconds to delay responseST: search target

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking

• Discovery (cont.)– Rsponse

• HTTP/1.1 200 OKCACHE-CONTROL: max-age = seconds until advertisement expiresDATE: when response was generatedEXT:LOCATION: URL for UPnP description for root deviceSERVER: OS/version UPnP/1.0 product/versionST: search targetUSN: advertisement UUID

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking Discovery

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking

• Description– control point still knows very little about the

device – must retrieve the device's description from the

URL provided by the device in the discovery message

– Use XML

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking

• Description (Cont.)– Retrieve Description

• GET path to description HTTP/1.1HOST: host for description:port for descriptionACCEPT-LANGUAGE: language preferred by control point

– Response (header)• HTTP/1.1 200 OK

CONTENT-LANGUAGE: language used in descriptionCONTENT-LENGTH: Bytes in bodyCONTENT-TYPE: text/xmlDATE: when responded

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking Description

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking

• Control– Get Service Description( actions, variables )– Send an action request to a device’s service(SOAP :

Simple Object Access Protocol )• POST path of control URL HTTP/1.1

HOST: host of control URL:port of control URLCONTENT-LENGTH: bytes in bodyCONTENT-TYPE: text/xml; charset="utf-8"SOAPACTION: "urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:serviceType:v#actionName"

<s:Envelope    xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"    s:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">  <s:Body>    <u:actionName xmlns:u="urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:serviceType:v">      <argumentName>in arg value</argumentName>      other in args and their values go here, if any    </u:actionName>  </s:Body></s:Envelope>

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking

• Control(Cont.)– The service returns values

• HTTP/1.1 200 OKCONTENT-LENGTH: bytes in bodyCONTENT-TYPE: text/xml; charset="utf-8"DATE: when response was generatedEXT:SERVER: OS/version UPnP/1.0 product/version

<s:Envelope    xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"    s:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">  <s:Body>    <u:actionNameResponse xmlns:u="urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:serviceType:v">      <argumentName>out arg value</argumentName>      other out args and their values go here, if any    </u:actionNameResponse>  </s:Body></s:Envelope>

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking Control

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking

• Eventing– Subscribe to Event Server

• SUBSCRIBE publisher path HTTP/1.1HOST: publisher host:publisher portCALLBACK: <delivery URL>NT: upnp:eventTIMEOUT: Second-requested subscription duration

– Publisher Response• HTTP/1.1 200 OK

DATE: when response was generatedSERVER: OS/version UPnP/1.0 product/versionSID: uuid:subscription-UUIDTIMEOUT: Second-actual subscription duration

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking

• Eventing– When state changed,notify all subscribers by sending

event messages (GENA :General Event Notification Architecture )

– NOTIFY delivery path HTTP/1.1HOST: delivery host:delivery portCONTENT-TYPE: text/xmlCONTENT-LENGTH: Bytes in bodyNT: upnp:eventNTS: upnp:propchangeSID: uuid:subscription-UUIDSEQ: event key<e:propertyset xmlns:e="urn:schemas-upnp-org:event-1-0">  <e:property>    <variableName>new value</variableName>  </e:property>  Other variable names and values (if any) go here.</e:propertyset>

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking Eventing

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Steps Involved in UPnP Networking

• Presentation– The control point can retrieve a page from

URL– Allow users to control device and/or view

device status

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Summary

• UPnP is based on existing standards, making interoperability

• UPnP has huge industry momentum, assuring success

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Samba

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Samba 緣由

• 在一般的區域網路中 (LAN) 如果都是 Windows 電腦，那麼使用『網路上的芳鄰』這個功能，就可以讓不同的 Windows 電腦分享彼此的檔案囉！但萬一這個 LAN 裡面有個 Linux 主機時，我怎麼讓 Linux 也加入這個 Windows 電腦當中的『網路上的芳鄰』呢？

• 為了解決這樣的的問題， 1991 年 Andrew Tridgwell 就自行寫了個 program 去偵測當 DOS 與 DEC 的 Unix 系統在進行資料分享傳送時所使用到的通訊協定資訊，然後將這些重要的資訊擷取下來，並且基於上述所找到的通訊協定而開發出 Server Message Block (SMB) 這個檔案系統，而就是這套 SMB 軟體就能夠讓 Unix 與 DOS 互相的分享資料！

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Samba 緣由

• Samba 主要用來溝通 Windows 與 Unix Like 這兩個不同的作業平台。其整合了 NetBIOS 與 SMB 協定 , 使其運作在 TCP/IP 協定上 , 讓 Windows 電腦可以透過『網路上的芳鄰』來存取 Linux 主機上面的檔案！

• Samba 支援下列的不同作業系統： AIX, Bull, Debian, IRIX, LSB, Mandrake, OSF, RedHat, SuSE, HP-UX, MVS, NOVELL, SINIX, Solaris, VMS…

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Samba 功能應用

• Samba 是很有用的一個伺服器，可讓您的 Linux 成為：1. 檔案伺服器 (File Server) ，並提供整個 LAN 裡面的

Windows 很簡單的就可以對 Linux 主機進行檔案的存取動作。

2. 也可以讓 Linux 上面的印表機成為印表機伺服器 (Printer Server) 。

3. 可以提供使用者登入 Samba 主機時的身份認證，以提供不同身份者的個別資料。

4. 可以進行 Windows 網路上的主機名稱解析 (NetBIOS name) 。

5. 可以進行裝置的分享 ( 例如 Zip, CDROM...) 。

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Samba 使用的 daemons

1. nmbd ：這個 daemon 是用來管理工作群組啦、 NetBIOS name 啦等等的解析。 主要利用 UDP 協定開啟 port 137, 138 來負責名稱解析的任務。

2. smbd ：這個 daemon 的主要功能就是用來管理 Samba 主機分享的目錄、檔案與印表機等等。 主要利用可靠的 TCP 協定來傳輸資料，開放的埠口為 139 及 445( 不一定存在 ) 。

• Samba 每次啟動至少都需要有這兩個 daemons ，主機系統就會啟動 137, 138, 139 三個 port ，且同時會有 UDP/TCP 的監聽服務喔！

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Samba 連線模式

1. peer/peer

(Workgroup model) ：2. domain model ：

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Authentication & Authorization

• smbd also handles "share mode" and "user mode" authentication and authorization.

• You can protect shared file and print services by requiring passwords.

• In share mode, the simplest and least recommended scheme, a password can be assigned to a shared directory or printer (simply called a "share"). This single password is then given to everyone who is allowed to use the share.

• With user mode authentication, each user has their own username and password and the System Administrator can grant or deny access on an individual basis.

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Name resolution

• 即『這部 Samba 主機針對 NetBIOS name 的解析方式』， 主要的解析方式有幾種：

1. lmhosts ：直接以 lmhosts 這個檔案的內容來對照。2. WINS ：利用一部可管理 Windows 網芳的主控電腦來

紀錄，本 Samba 主機向該部主機 (WINS Server) 要求 NetBIOS 名稱解析結果。

3. Host ：透過 /etc/hosts 或者是 NIS, DNS 等方式來處理 NetBIOS name 的結果。

4. Broadcast ：在區域網路中直接透過 NetBIOS 的廣播功能處理，亦即是向同一網域主機發出名稱解析的需求。舉例來說咱們的 Samba 主機為 192.168.1.254/24 ，則以 bcast 解析 NetBIOS name 時，我們的伺服器會主動向 192.168.1.0/24 發送出解析封包的要求。

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Browsing

• Each server on a Windows workgroup is required to announce its presence to the local master browser after it has registered a NetBIOS name.

• Clients listen for these broadcasts and build up browse lists.

• Browsing is the process of finding the other computers and shared resources in the Windows network.

• To browse the resources on a computer, a user must connect to the specific computer.

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Browsing in Windows

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Samba 所需套件• samba ：這個套件主要包含了 Samba 的主要 daemon

檔案 (smbd 及 nmbd) 、 Samba 的文件檔 (document) 、以及其他與 Samba 相關的 logrotate 設定檔及開機預設選項檔案等。

• samba-common ：這個套件則主要提供了 Samba 的主要設定檔 (smb.conf) 、 smb.conf 語法檢驗的測試程式 (testparm) 等。

• samba-client ：這個套件則提供了當 Linux 做為 Samba Client 端時，所需要的工具指令，例如掛載 Samba 檔案格式的執行檔 smbmount 等。

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Samba 套件結構 (1)

• /etc/samba/smb.conf ： smb.conf 是 Samba 的主要設定檔名，這個檔案主要在設定工作群組、 NetBIOS 名稱以及分享的目錄等相關設定。

• /etc/samba/lmhosts ：這個檔案的主要目的在對應 NetBIOS name 與該主機名稱的 IP 。

• /etc/samba/smbpasswd ：這個檔案預設並不存在啦！他是 SAMBA 預設的使用者密碼對應表。

• /etc/samba/smbusers ：由於 Windows 與 Unix-like 在管理員與訪客的帳號名稱不一致，分別為 administrator 及 root ， 為了對應這兩者之間的帳號關係，可以使用這個檔案來設定。不過這個檔案的使用必須要經由 smb.conf 內的 『 username map 』設定項目來啟動才行。

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Samba 套件結構 (2)

• testparm ：這個指令主要在檢驗 samba 設定檔 smb.conf 的語法正確與否。

• smbstatus ：列出目前的 SMB server 的狀態。• smbpasswd ：如果您的 Samba 設定的較為嚴格，需要規

定使用者的帳號與密碼，那麼那個密碼檔案的建立就需要使用 smbpasswd 來建置才可以。

• smbclient ：當你的 Linux 主機想要藉由『網路上的芳鄰』的功能來查看別台電腦所分享出來的目錄與裝置時，就可以使用 smbclient 來查看啦！這個指令也可以使用在自己的 Samba 主機上面，用來查看是否設定成功！

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Samba 套件結構 (3)

• smbmount ：在 Linux 上面，我們可以透過 smbmount 來將遠端主機分享的檔案與目錄掛載到自己的 Linux 主機上面！不過，我們也可以直接使用 mount 這個指令來進行同樣的功能。

• nmblookup ：有點類似 nslookup ，重點在查出 NetBIOS name 。

• smbtree ：像 Windows 系統的網路上的芳鄰顯示的結果，可以顯示類似『靠近我的電腦』之類的資料， 能夠查到工作群組與電腦名稱的樹狀目錄分佈圖。

• usr/share/doc/samba-<版本 > ：這個目錄包含了 Samba 的所有相關的技術手冊！也就是說，當您安裝好 Samba 之後，您的系統裡面就已經含有相當豐富而完整的 Samba 使用手冊。

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SMB Protocol

• Richard Sharpe of the Samba team defines SMB as a request-response protocol.

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SMB variations

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A Simple SMB Connection

• The client and server must complete three steps to establish a connection to a resource:

1. Establish a NetBIOS session.

2. Negotiate the protocol variant.

3. Set session parameters, and make a tree connection to a resource.

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1. Establishing a NetBIOS Session

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2. Negotiating the Protocol Variant(Request)

• The command in the message is SMBnegprot, a request to negotiate a protocol variant that will be used for the entire session.

• Note that the client sends to the server a list of all the variants that it can speak.

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2. Negotiating the Protocol Variant(Response)

• The server responds to the SMBnegprot request with an index (with counting starting at 0) into the list of variants that the client offered, or with the value 0xFF if none of the protocol variants is acceptable.

• In this example, the server responds with the value 5, which indicates that the NT LM 0.12 dialect will be used for the remainder of the session.

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3. Set Session and Login Parameters• Request • Response

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Samba 設定概念

1. 在 smb.conf 當中設定好工作群組(workgroup) 、 NetBIOS 主機名、密碼使用狀態等與主機相關的資訊。

2. 在 smb.conf 內設定好預計要分享的目錄或裝置以及可供使用的使用者資料。

3. 根據步驟 2 的設定，在 Linux 檔案系統當中建立好分享出去的檔案或裝置的使用權限。

4. 根據步驟 2 的設定，以 smbpasswd 建立起使用者的帳號及密碼。

5. 啟動 Samba 的 smbd, nmbd 服務， Samba 功能即開始運轉囉！

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設定 lmhosts 檔案內容 (optional)

• NetBIOS 名稱可以由廣播的方式自動取得，而 NetBIOS 也可以透過區域網路內經由一部主控電腦來管理， 此外，你也可以利用自己主機當中的 lmhosts 這個設定檔來進行 NetBIOS 與 IP 的對應， 讓 NetBIOS 與 TCP/IP 可以對應上關係！

• 一般來說，這個檔案是可以不必設定的，因為可以經由廣播的方式取得對應！不過，某些時刻確實可以設定一下，免除一些額外的搜尋時間。

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Smb.conf

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從 Windows 掛載 Samba 伺服器的檔案系統

• 在 Windows 上開檔案總管，選擇”工具”，選擇”連線到網路磁碟機”後，可以選擇要連接的磁碟機名稱 (圖為 G: 磁碟 ) ，選擇資料夾的名稱。此資料夾就是 Samba 伺服器上可以連接的服務名稱。 (圖為 rh90-srv 的伺服器主機，和 homes 的服務， homes 的服務是連線到在 Samba 主機上該使用者的根目錄 )

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從 Windows 掛載 Samba 伺服器的檔案系統

• 此時可以選擇不同的使用者來登入 ( 預設登入到 Samba 伺服器的使用者和他的密碼是和登入到 Windows 主機的使用者一模一樣的 ) 。

• 成功登入後就可以使用剛剛設定的 G: 磁碟機。

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從 Windows 主機上使用印表機

• 其實當 Samba 伺服器正常啟動印表機的服務後，在Windows 用戶端就好像在網路上有一台列印伺服器一樣。此時在用戶端需要的是一個正常可以登入的帳號來連接到Samba 主機。

• Windows 印表機是假設在 PC 上登入的使用者在 Samba主機上有登入和使用的權限。而且在 Windows 和 Samba主機這個使用者有相同的名字 (user name)和密碼(pasword) 。如果使用者名字和密碼不一致，那印表機的功能就不能自動登入使用。

• 如果在 Windows 上印表機的驅動程式還沒有安裝時，這個使用者必須有 adminstrator 的權限，才能在 Windows用戶端安裝所需要的驅動程式。

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Windows 主機上印表機的增設

• 從 Windows 主機上選擇”設定”，”印表機”後，點選”新增印表機”，選擇新增印表機為網路印表機，鍵入Samba 伺服器的名稱和印表機的名稱， 即可完成設定。

• 設定完成後，這個 Samba 主機上的印表機其實和Windows 用戶主機本地的印表機或是其他 WINDOS 主機上的網路印表機已經完全一模一樣 , 可以很方便的使用。

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Windows 主機上印表機的增設

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Windows 主機上印表機的增設

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Reference

• http://us1.samba.org/samba/docs/using_samba/ch01.html

• http://us3.samba.org/samba/docs/SambaIntro.html

• http://linux.vbird.org/linux_server/0370samba.php#server_pkg

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_%28software%29

• http://www.linux.ie/articles/tutorials/samba.php

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Print Server

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Overview

Printer

PC

PC

PC

Gateway / Hub / Switch

NAS

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Installation

Internet

Printer

PC

PC

PC

Gateway / Hub / Switch

NAS

Driver CD

Driver

PPD file

CUPS

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Find PPD Files

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Find PPD Files

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Printing

Printer

PC

PC

PC

Gateway / Hub / Switch

NAS

CUPS

Samba

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DDNS

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Host Names and DNS (Domain Name System)

• Every host can take a host name• Every host is member of a domain

– Group of computers belonging to same organization and has part of their IP addresses in common

– Domain name usually associated with company or other type of organization

• Fully qualified host name: local host name plus domain name

• Domain names must be registered with an Internet naming authority that works on behalf of ICANN

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DNS (Domain Name System)

• Hierarchical method of associating domain names with IP addresses

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DNS (Domain Name System)

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DDNS (Dynamic DNS)

• DNS is reliable as long as host’s address is static– Many Internet users subscribe to type of Internet

service in which IP address changes periodically

• In DDNS, service provider runs program on user’s computer that notifies service provider when IP address changes– DNS record update effective throughout Internet

in minutes

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DDNS (Dynamic DNS)

• DDNS Server– Free service– DynDNS.org, www.NO-IP.com …

• DDNS Client– Client is a Gateway, Client behind a Gateway– Regular Check IP Address – Update

• Gateway– NAT– Port forwarding

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DDNS Registration

internet

Home Storage with DDNS Client

Broadband Router

Acount ID Password Hostname1 Hostname2 Hostname3

Registration

InternalClient

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DDNS Update

internet

Home Storage with DDNS Client

Broadband Router Internal

ClientHTTP : checkip.dyndns.org

What is my Internet IP Address?HTTP Response

Your Internet IP is X.X.X.X

Acount ID Password

Please Update My IP Hostname1: X.X.X.X Hostname2 : X.X.X.X Hostname3 : X.X.X.X

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DDNS Query

internet

Home Storage with DDNS Client

Broadband Router Internal

Client

ExternalClient

DNS requestWhere is Hostname2?

DNS responseHostname2 is X.X.X.X

Router forward traffic to Storage

Port forwarding

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Backup

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Backup

• Backup type– USB to NAS– PC to NAS– NAS to NAS– NAS to USB Drive– NAS to PC

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Backup

• USB to NAS– One click button– Backup all data to a folder– Backup all data as a ZIP file

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Backup

• PC to NAS– A separate backup software must be installed

on PC– Backup a selected folder as a ZIP file– Backup a selected folder– Can be restored back– Manually backup– schedule backup

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Backup

• NAS to NAS– Backup a selected folder– Backup NAS configuration

• User, Group, Shared folder, Network setting

– Manually backup– schedule backup

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Backup

• NAS to USB Drive– Backup a selected folder– Backup NAS configuration

• User, Group, Shared folder, Network setting

– Manually backup– schedule backup

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Backup

• NAS to PC– A separate backup software must be installed

on PC– Backup a selected folder as a ZIP file– Can be restored back– Backup NAS configuration

• User, Group, Shared folder, Network setting

– Manually backup– schedule backup

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Thank you!

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