View
225
Download
2
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
11/22/2011
Nanosilicain construction materials
KIVI NIRIA Congress, November 23th, 2011
Delft, The Netherlands
G. Quercia Bianchi
M2i PhD research staff
2
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
3
• Turnover 11 billions Euros
• 5000 companies
• 84000 employees
Dutch Civil industry
Source: M2i progress report (2010), www.google.com
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
Sustainable use of raw materials
•Material↓ � quality↑
•Use recyclable materials
•Environmental impact ↓
Economy
Environment
Society
4
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
5
Ceramics
Metals
Polymers
Naturals
Concrete
Floor tiles
Masonry
Glass
Steel
Aluminium
Iron
Wood
Polyurethane
Polystyrene
PVC
Stones
Construction materials
CompositesFiber R.
Asphalt
Particle R.
Mortar
Grout
Plasters
HPC
SCC
VC
Gypsum
6
1 ton concrete ≈ 0.11 ton cement
1600 Mton cement ≈ 1.65 Gton CO2 ↑
Global productions of construction
Materials (2008)
Source: Brouwers (2008)
(700)
(350)
(1750)(46000)
Energy consumed
(kWh/m3)
7
Most used manmade material (in volume).
Water + Cement
(matrix)
Coarse aggregate
Fine aggregateAir
Admixtures
CementCement production is
responsible for
5 to 8% CO2 worldwide
emissions
Concrete
Source: www.google.com
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
Raw materials
• Limestone (CaCO3, MgCO3)
• Clays (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, etc)
• Sand (SiO2)
• Iron ores (Fe2O3)
Cement CO2 footprint
Source: PCA (2005)
1 ton cement ≈ 1 ton CO2 ↑
Source: www.google.com
8
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
9
Source: Based on Sobolev, Ferrara and Ye works
Concrete raw materials
5µm to 46mm
0.4µm to 36mm
0.05 µm to 36mm
4 decades
7 decades!TU/e mix tool
Nano-SiO2
Precipitated
Silica
Micro silica
Fines
minerals
Metakaolin Portland
Cement
Fly ash
PowdersNatural
sand
Coarse
aggregates
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
The main hydration
products is the C-S-H
gel and its the mayor
responsible for the
concrete mechanical
properties.
C-S-H is a nano-
structured material,
thus its study, control
and modifications can
lead to tailored made
properties.
Atomic scale
20X20 nm
1,1 nm
C-S-H in
Poros
C-S-H
C-H Cement
C-S-H out
C-S-H in
C-S-H out
Sources: Guang, Ye (2003), Jennings (2001), Ulmen (2008), Beaudoin, J (1999).
Why Nanotechnology?
10
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
11
Nano-SiO2?: powder or colloidal suspension.
Nanometer sized particles (2 to 400 nm).
Source: Graces Co. (2009) and www.google.com
What is nano-silica?
Irregular/Spherical
SiO2 amorphous
particlesNano(colloidal) SiO2SiO2
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
Nowadays techniques
•Sol-gel process•Vaporization of silica•Biological method•Precipitation method
New technique (route)
•Olivine (mine or waste) + H2SO4 = nS (6 to 30 nm).
“State-of-the-art” (production nS)
€€
Production routes of nano-silica
(Mg, Fe)2SiO4
TU/e parallel
project
Source: Quercia et al (2010) and www.google.com
12
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
Source: Quercia et al (2011) and Lazaro et al (2011)
a) b) c)
d) e) f)
g) h)
Precipitated (NaPrecipitated (Na22SiOSiO44)) Pyrogenic (SiClPyrogenic (SiCl44))
Pyrogenic (oil well silica fume)Pyrogenic (oil well silica fume)
Precipitated (NaPrecipitated (Na22SiOSiO44))
Pyrogenic (silica fume slurry)Pyrogenic (silica fume slurry) Pyrogenic (SiClPyrogenic (SiCl44))
Pyrogenic (SiClPyrogenic (SiCl44)) Precipitated (Mg,FePrecipitated (Mg,Fe22SiOSiO44))
Comparison of different silicas
13
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
Nano-silica in concreteSmall particles of
amorphous silica
Pozzolanic
more CSH
Nucleating agent
(accelerating effect)
Consume Ca(OH)2
(anti Ca+2 leaching)
Smaller CSH
gel structure
Improve final
strength
Enhance use
of other filler
Fill in voids
(nano filler)
Improve ITZDenser
packing
Less
porosity
Less free water
(Anti bleeding)
Improved
durability
Improve
toughness
Source: Quercia et al (2010)
14
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
15
Examples of nano-silica use
Self-compacting concrete case (SCC)
3.8% bwoc of nano-silicaAll properties were improved compared with the reference.
Source: Quercia et al (2011) and www.google.com
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
16
Examples of nano-silica use
80 Jaars
Self-compacting concrete case
Source: Quercia et al (2011)
Source: CUR (2009)
Source: Quercia et al (2011)
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
17
Examples of nano-silica use
Self-compacting concrete case
Source: Quercia et al (2011) and www.google.com
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
3% NaCl
18
Examples of nano-silica use
Eco-concrete case
The use of nano-silica allows incorporating more recycled aggregates and
alternative fillers such as fly and sludge ashes.
RA 25% lost in
compressive strength.
3.0% of nS increased
compressive strength. Source: Hosseini et al (2010).
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
19
Examples of nano-silica use
Coating case
The concentrated dispersion of nano-sized silica offer extensive chemical
reaction-sites that penetrate deeply and start reacting forming calcium silica
hydrate (CSH), which strengthens the concrete matrix and increases stain
and waterproofing.Source: Nanoset™ densifier broshure (2010), www.google.com
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
Other applications and markets
1.89
0.81
2.7 MMt (2014)
Worldwide
Precipitated
Others:
Fumed silica
Silica Gel
Silica sol
Precipitated silica application
Filler in rubber (tires) and plastics
Coating, paints, inks, catalysis support
Abrasives (tooth pastes)
Flowing agent (foods)
6.3%/year
Reference prices
Micro-silica for Concrete:
250 - 500€ per ton
Special silica:
300 - 3000€ per tonSource: (http://www.reportlinker.com/p0204909/World-Specialty-Silicas-Market.html)
20
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
21
Practical application method and model to used new nS in mortars and concrete mixes.
How?
•Cement replacement with nS (CO2 footprint ↓)
•Add nS � M.P. ↑ (eco-concretes).
•nS+ mix design tool �UHPC (use less materials).
Approach
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
23
Contact details
Eindhoven University of Technology
Department of The Build Environment
P.O. Box 513
5600 MB Eindhoven
The Netherlands
Telephone: +31 (0) 40 247 23 23
Telefax: +31 (0) 40 243 86 95
www.m2i.nl
George Quercia BianchiPhD Researcher
E-mail: g.quercia-bianchi@m2i.nl
Copyrights ® M2i 2011
Recommended