Muscles & Joint Analysis

MUSCLES AND MOVEMENT

To know the meaning of origin and insertion of avariety of muscles

To understand the different muscular movements

To be able to develop a mind map on jointsand movements.

STARTER

IN PAIRS IDENIFTY THE TYPE OF

MOVEMENTS OCCURING AT EACH JOINT.

http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP12004

The Origin and Insertion When a muscle contracts, only one bone moves leaving the

other stationary. The points at which the tendons are attached to the bone are known as the origin and the insertion.

Origin

Insertion

The radius and ulna are the moving bones- INSERTION

The origin is where the tendon of the muscle joins the stationary bone(s).

The insertion is where the tendon of the muscle joins the moving bone(s).

The arm is being flexed.

The humerus and scapular are stationary bones- ORIGIN

Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the bones by strong cords known as tendons.

Movement of the arm

at the elbow

Antagonistic Muscles

They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create movement.

E.g Biceps brachii and triceps brachii = known as ANTAGONISTIC

MUSCLE ACTION.

AS one muscle shortens the other one lengthens.

Agonist or Prime Mover(Biceps contract)

The muscle doing the work (contracting) and creating the movement is called the agonist or prime mover.

Flexion (Bending) of the Arm

Antagonist(Triceps relax)

The muscle which is relaxing and letting the movement take place

is called the antagonist.

Other muscles support the prime mover (agonist) in creating movement and these are called synergists.

Fixtor-the muscle that allows the agonist to work, stabilising the origin.

Origin: Humerus, radius, ulna

Insertion: Carpels, Metacarpels, Phalanges

Strengthening exercises; Wrist curls, Reverse wrist curls

WRIST EXTENSORS AND FLEXORS

Movement: Flexion and Extension

Strengthening exercises; Dumb bell curls (downward and upward)

Origin: Humerus and ulna

Insertion: Radius

Elbow joint

Movement: Supination and Pronation

Radioulnar joint

Strengthening exercises; Biceps curls and tricep extensions

Origin: Scapula

Insertion: Radius

Agonist;

Antagonist;

Elbow joint

Biceps

Triceps

FLEXION EXTENSION

Origin: Scapula and humerus

Insertion: Ulna

ORIGIN- Skull and thoracic spine

INSERTION- Clavicle and Scapula

STRENTHENING EXERCISE: Seated rows

MOVEMENT- Extension of the shoulder

Shoulder joint

ORIGIN- Clavicle, sternum, ribs

INSERTION- Humerus

STRENTHENING EXERCISE: Seated rows

PECTRALIS MAJOR

MOVEMENT- Flexion, Adduction of the shoulder

ORIGIN; Clavicle and scapula

INSERTION: Humerus

STRENGTHENING EXERCISE; Back press

DELTOID

MOVEMENT: Flexion, extension and abduction of the shoulder

ORIGIN: Thoracic, Lumbar, sacrum spine and pelvis

INSERTION: Humerus

STRENGTHENING EXERCISE: Chin ups

LATISSIMUS DORSI

MOVEMENT: Adduction and extension of the shoulder

SPINE

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

ORIGIN: Pelvis

INSERTION: Sternum and ribs

STRENGTHENING EXERCISE: Crunches

Flexion of the spine

EXTERNAL OBLIQUES

ORIGIN: RIBS

INSERTION: Pelvis

STRENGTHENING EXERCISE; Broomstick twists

MOVEMENT: Flexion

INTERNAL OBLIQUES

ORIGIN: Pelvis

INSERTION: Ribs

MOVEMENT: Lateral flexion, rotation

ORIGIN: Pelvis and lumbar vertebrae

INSERTION: FEMUR

STRENGTHENING EXERCISE: Sit ups

HIP: ILIOPSOAS

MOVEMENT: Flexion of hip

ORIGIN: Pelvis, sacrum and coccyx

INSERTION: Femur

Strengthening exercises; Bent knee hip extensions

MOVEMENT: Extension and rotation of the hip

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

Movement: Abduction, rotation

Muscles:Gluteus medius and minimus

Origin: Pelvis

Insertion: Femur

Strengthening exercises; Floor hip abductions

HIP

KNEE

KNEE

Movement: Flexion, extension

Muscles: Hamstring ( biceps femoris, semiteninosus,Semimembranosus

Origin: Pelvis, Femur

Insertion: Tibia and Fibula

Strengthening exercises; Leg curls

Knee

Knee

Movement: Flexion, extension

Muscles:Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastusMedialis, vastus intermediuus

Origin: Pelvis, Femur

Insertion: Tibia

Strengthening exercises; Dumbbell squats

Ankle

Movement: Dorsiflexion and planarflexion

Muscles: Tibialis anterior

Origin: Tibia

Insertion: Tarsals and metatarsals

Strengthening exercises; one leg toes raises

Muscles:Gastrocnemius and soleus

Origin: Gastrocnemius- femur Soleus- tibia and fibula

Insertion: Calcaneus

Strengthening exercises; one leg toe raises

Ankle

Movement:Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

TYPES OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTION

ISOTONIC- the muscle is moving while contracting, it can be divided into concentric and eccentric contractions

CONCENTRIC- contractions involve the muscle shortening while contracting e.g biceps brachii in elbow flexion

ECCENTRIC- contraction involves muscle lengthening whilst contracting e.g. bicep brachii in elbow extension

ISOMETRIC

Contractions occur when there is tension on the muscle but NO movementE.G static contractions occur when holding your weight in a stationary position

HANDSTAND

MUSCLE SHORTENING

MUSCLE LENGTHENING

ISOKINETIC

Contractions cause the muscle to shorten in length andincrease in tension whilst working at a constant speed against a variable resistance

E.G. running on a treadmill

ISOKINETIC MEANS ‘SAME SPEED’