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Historical Foundations of
American Society & Government
Mr. ViolantiFall, 2014
Key TermsJohn Locke: Philosopher, Natural Rights (L,L,P)Montesquieu: Separation of Powers, 3 branchRousseau: Social ContractVoltaire: Freedom of SpeechZenger: accused of seditious libel in NYIroquois Confederacy: S.C.O.O.M.Plymouth Colony: Massachusetts, Religious French and Indian War: England defeats
France in War fought in America.New England Colonies: Focus on religion,
shippingMiddle Colonies: “Breadbasket” ColoniesSouthern Colonies: Cash Crops, SlaveryTriangular Trade: Europe, America, AfricaMercantilism: Colonies exists to benefit Mother
C.
Key TermsMiddle Passage: nickname for slave trade
route to the New World.Democracy: People decide, voting.Republic: Representatives decide after being
elected.Mayflower Compact: 1620, Pilgrims voted to
be ruled by majority rule.Salutary Neglect: “Healthy Ignoring” of the
colonies by England.Albany Plan of Union: 1754, Franklin’s plan to
have colonies join together against French.Treaty of Paris, 1763: Ended French / Indian
War.Proclamation of 1763: prohibited movement
past the Appalachian Mountains.
Key TermsSugar Act: 1764 English tax on sugar imports.Stamp Act: required tax on printed documentsNavigation Acts: England regulates Colonial
trade.Townshend Acts: Further taxed colonial trade.Patrick Henry: Led resolutions against Stamp
Act, “Give me liberty or give me death”Samuel Adams: Founder of Sons of LibertyNatural Rights: Life, Liberty, Property.Virginia House of Burgesses: Issued
resolutions of protest against British Taxes and treatment of Colonies. Law Making body of Virginia.
Who came to the Colonies?
English Colonists make up the early settlers of the United States. Why did they come?1. Religious Reasons (Pilgrims, Puritans)2. Economic Reasons (land, crops, resources)3. Political Reasons (Church of England, land grants from King.)
Jamestown, 1607: The First... First Permanent English Settlement. Tobacco Trade becomes profitable. Jamestown
Types of Colonies1. Corporate Colonies
Joint stock to make colonies for profit
2. Proprietary ColoniesIndividuals to colonize and govern themselves
3. Royal ColoniesGovernor appointed by King.
New England Colonies
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut~Mayflower Compact~Plymouth Plantation (Thanksgiving)
Self Government: ~Fundamental Orders of Connecticut ~Focused on Religion (Puritans)~Church & State worked together
Good Ports, Rocky soil lead toShipping natural resources instead of farming.
Witchcraft in Salem
The Middle Colonies
The “Breadbasket Colonies”
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Agriculture, Grains, Iron Works
William Penn, “Penn’s Woods”, Quakers.
Southern ColoniesMaryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia.
FARMING, CASH CROPS, PLANTATIONS, SLAVERY.
Tobacco, Cotton, Rice, Indigo
Very different culture begis in the South. Rural life, education not valued.
Virginia House of Burgesses created to make laws and govern (Republic)
England allows the 13 colonies to develop on their own. (Salutary Neglect).
Allowed to pick their own governments, education systems, set up newspapers and press.
Mercantilism is practiced, leads to trade restrictions. (Raw materials, markets)
French and Indian War, 1754
England and France at war in Europe and America.
English expect help of the Colonists.
Albany PlanOf Union, 1754
French & IndianWar,
1754-1763
French and Indian War, 1754-Lasts 9 years-Iroquois
Confederacy assist the British.
-Ends with Treaty of Paris, 1763.
-Creates feeling of Independence for Colonists. **
Proclamation of 1763
Appalachian Mountains
Stops Colonial MovementPast Appalachian Mts.
Major influences on American Colonial Governments
1. Ancient Greece: Democracy (Mayflower Compact)
2. Ancient Rome: Republic (Virginia House of Burgesses)
3. Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights
4. Enlightenment: John Locke, CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED.
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