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Mr. Sanin Triyanond
Chairman of Thai Biodiesel Producer Association
Asia Palm Oil Conference (APOC) 2015
CO-OP Suratthani, Thailand
20 August 2015
Outline
1. Current Situation of Palm Oil Industry
2. Current Situation of Biodiesel Industry
3. Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Current Situation of Palm Oil Industry
Current Situation of Palm Oil Industry
Global Supply – Vegetable Oil Production
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
61.5
48.0
27.3
15.1
7.3 5.6 5.2 3.4 2.3
65.2
50.0
26.5
15.2 7.6 5.7 5.0 3.4 2.9
2014 2015
Unit : MMT
Source : http://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/circulars/oilseeds.pdf
Current Situation of Palm Oil Industry
Global Supply – CPO Global production
Source : - http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/current/oilseed-trade/oilseed-trade-09-11-2014.pdf
- Department of Energy Business
Palm Oil Supply – Thailand : Malaysia : Indonesia (‘09 – ‘14)
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Indonesia Malaysia Thailand
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Unit : MT/Month
Source : Department of Internal Trade
Domestic CPO Production
Monthly CPO Production , Jan’10 – May’15
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
Jan-1
0
Mar-
10
May-1
0
Jul-
10
Sep-1
0
Nov-1
0
Jan-1
1
Mar-
11
May-1
1
Jul-
11
Sep-1
1
Nov-1
1
Jan-1
2
Mar-
12
May-1
2
Jul-
12
Sep-1
2
Nov-1
2
Jan-1
3
Mar-
13
May-1
3
Jul-
13
Sep-1
3
Nov-1
3
Jan-1
4
Mar-
14
May-1
4
Jul-
14
Sep-1
4
Nov-1
4
Jan-1
5
Mar-
15
May-1
5
Current Situation of Palm Oil Industry
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
Edible Oil Demand (MT) Biodiesel / Export (MT)
Source : Department of Internal Trade
*Note : Own prediction
Unit : Tons / Year
Domestic CPO Production
CPO Production and Demand, 2010 - 2015
Current Situation of Palm Oil Industry
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
CPO Stock, Demand, and Supply : Jan’10 – May’15
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
Jan-
10
Mar-
10
May-1
0
Jul-10
Sep-1
0
Nov-1
0
Jan-
11
Mar-
11
May-1
1
Jul-11
Sep-1
1
Nov-1
1
Jan-
12
Mar-
12
May-1
2
Jul-12
Sep-1
2
Nov-1
2
Jan-
13
Mar-
13
May-1
3
Jul-13
Sep-1
3
Nov-1
3
Jan-
14
Mar-
14
May-1
4
Jul-14
Sep-1
4
Nov-1
4
Jan-
15
Mar-
15
May-1
5
Demand- Edible Oil Demand- B100 Stock CPO Unit : Tons / Month
Domestic CPO Demand and Supply
Current Situation of Palm Oil Industry
Source : Department of Internal Trade
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
CPO Price Movement : Local vs Global
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
Jan-
10
Ma
r-1
0
May-1
0
Jul-
10
Sep
-10
Nov-
10
Jan-1
1
Ma
r-1
1
May-1
1
Jul-
11
Sep
-11
Nov-
11
Jan-
12
Ma
r-1
2
May-1
2
Jul-
12
Sep
-12
Nov-
12
Jan-
13
Ma
r-1
3
May-1
3
Jul-
13
Sep
-13
Nov-
13
Jan-
14
Ma
r-1
4
May-1
4
Jul-
14
Sep
-14
Nov-
14
Jan-
15
Ma
r-1
5
May-1
5
CPO Price-TH CPO Price- MY
Current Situation of Palm Oil Industry
Unit : Bath/Kg
Source : Department of Internal Trade
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Current Situation of Biodiesel Industry
Global Biodiesel Production
Source: http://mcgroup.co.uk/researches/biodiesel
USA, 14.3%
Brazil, 11.3%
Germany, 9.4%
Indonesia, 8.6%
France, 7.8%
Other Countries,
48.5%
Current Situation of Biodiesel Industry
Global Biodiesel Production in 2013
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Current Situation – Southeast Asia
Current Situation of Biodiesel Industry
Thailand Current : B7
Next Target : B10
Malaysia
Current B7
Next target B10
Indonesia
Current B10
Next Target B15
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Current Situation – Southeast Asia
Current Situation of Biodiesel Industry
Thailand Malaysia
Indonesia
Road Trials 1) Project : B20 Diesel Research
Project for Large Trucks
Fuel Type : PME
Large Trucks : Volvo, Isuzu
Total Distance : 100,000 km
Parties Involved : DOEB, EPPO,
PTT Research & Technology
Institute, Thai Parcels, Appa
Forwarder, Volvo Group
(Thailand)
2) Project : Palm H-FAME B20 on
Road Test
Fuel Type : Palm H- FAME
Large Trucks : Isuzu
Total Distance : 50,000 km
Parties Involved : JICA, JST,
AIST, WASEDA, NSTDA (MTEC),
TISTR, KMUTNB
Road Trial Project : B20 Road Test
Fuel Type : PME
Large Trucks : Toyota Innova
(Used), Mitsubishi Pajero (Used,
Chevrolet Spin (New)
Total Distance : ~40,000 km
Parties Involved : EBTKE (Energi
Baru Terbarukan dan Konservasi
Energi)
Road Trial -B10 and B20 biodiesel will be tested on
MPOB’s vehicles, including those of its
research station.
- B10 will be tried on 10 vehicles
belonging to Alam Flora and 50 belonging
to Kuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL)
Current Situation – Automotives’ comments towards B10
Current Situation of Biodiesel Industry
“After having initially stated that the B10 biodiesel blend
requires further consideration, we are now pleased to inform
our customers about the B10 biodiesel blend suitability for all
Mercedez-Benz diesel vehicles currently sold by Mercedez-
Benz Malaysia.”
UMW Toyota said its current diesel
engines are not rated for B10 use;
they can only take up to B7
Volkswagen Malaysia, who told us that running B10 on its
diesel engines will produce adverse effects as well as void
the warranty.
Isuzu says that the current limit of water content in biodiesel
is acceptable up to grade B7, and that further conclusive tests
will need to be conducted and proven with consistent results to
allow for levels B7 onwards.
“In our tests with B10 biodiesel worldwide, we have found
technical challenges,” BMW Group Malaysia managing
director and chief executive officer Alan Harris said in a
statement
Note : Automotives in Malaysia
B10
Implementation??
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
Production
Consumption
Imports
110.000
Barrel/Day``
Industry Volume
(in K Units) Thousand
Barrel/Day
Car Industry
Example : Situation in Indonesia
Current Situation of Biodiesel Industry
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy & Gaikindo.
Example : Roadmap of Biodiesel in Indonesia
Current Situation of Biodiesel Industry
Minister Regulation 2008 2009 2010 2014 2015 2016 2020 2025
No. 51/2006 No percentage Bio content specifically mentioned
No. 32/2008 1 1 2.5 2.5 5 5 10 20
No. 25/2013 10 10 20 20 25
No. 20/2014 10 10 20 30 30
No. 12/2015 10 15 20 30 30
Source: Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
190 243
1812
2221
2805
3324
70 20
1453 1552
1757 1629
119 223
359
669
1048
1694
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Total Production Export Domestic
Volume
(in Thousand KL)
Source: Ministry of Enery & Natural Resources
Current Situation of Biodiesel Industry
Example : Biodiesel Production in Indonesia
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Patum Vegetable Oil
30%
Energy Absolute 17%
Thai Oleochemical
15%
AI Energy 11%
Absolute Power P
6%
Bangchak Biofuel
6%
New Biodiesel 6%
B.Grimm Green Power 4%
Verasuwan 4%
Bangchak Petroleum
1%
No. of Producer : 10
Total Cap : 4.7 ML/D
Producers Cap (ML/D)
Patum Vegetable Oil 1,400,000
Energy Absolute 800,000
Thai Oleochemical 685,800
AI Energy 500,000
Absolute Power P 300,000
Bangchak Biofuel 300,000
New Biodiesel 260,000
B.Grimm Green Power 200,000
Verasuwan 200,000
Bangchak Petroleum 50,000
XXX ???
XXX ???
Lists of B100 producers & Installed Capacity
Source : Department of Energy Business, Apr’15
B100 Producers
Current Situation of Biodiesel Industry
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Government Mandate
Domestic Biodiesel Consumption
1.23 1.50
1.65 1.72
2.45
2.87
3.21
3.85
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
B1
00
(M
L/D
)
Source : 2008 – 2014 Department of Energy Business
2015 Own Prediction
B100 Consumption
2009 2010 2012 2011 2013 2014 2015 2008
B2, B5 B3, B5 B2,B5
B3
B4 B3 B4
B5
B4 B5 B7 B4 B7 B4 B7
Current Situation of Biodiesel Industry
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
Jan-
09
Ap
r-0
9
Jul-
09
Oct
-09
Jan-
10
Ap
r-1
0
Jul-
10
Oct
-10
Jan-
11
Ap
r-1
1
Jul-
11
Oct
-11
Jan-
12
Ap
r-1
2
Jul-
12
Oct
-12
Jan-
13
Ap
r-1
3
Jul-
13
Oct
-13
Jan-
14
Ap
r-1
4
Jul-
14
Oct
-14
Jan-
15
Ap
r-1
5
B100 H
SD
HSD (ML/D) B100 (ML/D)
Unit : ML/D
Government Mandate
Domestic Biodiesel Consumption & Government Mandate
Source : Department of Energy Business
2009 2010 2012 2011 2013 2014 2015 2008
B2, B5 B3, B5 B2,B5
B3
B4 B3 B4
B5
B4 B5 B7 B4 B7 B4
B100 vs Diesel Consumption
B7
Current Situation of Biodiesel Industry
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Potential Biofuel
Oil Based
Biomass Based
H-FAME
BHD
BTL
Cellulosic Ethanol
FAME
- CPO/RPO/RPS/RPOL
- PFAD
- ESTER
- From Plantation & Mills
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
“Partially Hydrogenated FAME”
To improve the properties of palm
biodiesel in order to have a higher
biodiesel-petro diesel blending ratio
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Oil Based : H-FAME
H-FAME
Reference : Y.Yoshimura (2015), 9th AIST-TISTR-NSTDA Annual Conference, 28 April 2015, Tokyo Japan
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Oil Based : H-FAME
FAME vs H-FAME
Fatty Acid Esterification
Process FAME + Glycerol
Alcohol
Catalyst
Partial
Hydrogenation Post Treatment H-FAME
Oil or Fat Transesterification
Process
Alcohol
Catalyst
Reference : Y.Yoshimura (2015), 9th AIST-TISTR-NSTDA Annual Conference, 28 April 2015, Tokyo Japan
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Oil Based : H-FAME
Properties of Palm H-FAME (Spotted Check)
Properties Palm Biodiesel Palm H-FAME
Oxidation Stability @ 110 °C (h) 23.5 98.2
Monoglyceride (%wt) 0.48 0.18
Saturated monoglyceride (%wt) 0.19 0.09
Diglyceride (%wt) 0.08 0.10
Triglyceride (%wt) 0 0
Free Glycerine (%wt) 0.02 0
Total Glycerine (%wt) 0.20 0.06
Water Content (ppm) 338 479
Reference : Y.Yoshimura (2015), 9th AIST-TISTR-NSTDA Annual Conference, 28 April 2015, Tokyo Japan
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Oil Based : H-FAME
Advantages of Palm H-FAME
1) Lower polyunsaturated FAME content
2) Better Oxidation Stability
Reference : Y.Yoshimura (2015), 9th AIST-TISTR-NSTDA Annual Conference, 28 April 2015, Tokyo Japan
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Oil Based : H-FAME
Advantages of Palm H-FAME
3) Lower monoglyceride & saturated monoglyceride
• MG is converted to SMG during partial hydrogenation
• SMG increased after partial hydrogenation which promotes the SMG precipitation
• Minimizing the filter plugging under the cold weather after SMG is properly removed
Reference : Y.Yoshimura (2015), 9th AIST-TISTR-NSTDA Annual Conference, 28 April 2015, Tokyo Japan
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Oil Based : H-FAME
Advantages of Palm H-FAME
4) Lower steryl glucoside content
• Removing SMG
• Minimizing the formation of precipitates under room temperature storage
Reference : Y.Yoshimura (2015), 9th AIST-TISTR-NSTDA Annual Conference, 28 April 2015, Tokyo Japan
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Oil Based : H-FAME
Project “Upgrading of Palm Biodiesel to Palm H-FAME
in a Pilot Scale” , Y. Yoshimura
Presented by Dr.Lalita Attanatho
On 9th AIST-TISTR-NSTDA Annual Conference
28 April, 2015
Tokyo, Japan
Acknowledgement
พระจอมเกล้าพระนครเหนือ
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Oil Based : Biohydrogenated Diesel
Biohydrogenated Diesel (BHD / HVO / HBD / HDO)
: Production of renewable diesel from fat or oil through
hydrodeoxygenation
reaction at high temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst
: Two major steps: Hydrogenation / Hydrodeoxygenation
: Increasing number of BHD patents filed around the world
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
FAME VS BHD
OIL or FAT
Transesterification
Process
Hydrodeoxygenation
Process
FAME
BHD
Glycerol
Propane
Water
CO2 / CO
+
+Alcohol
Catalyst
Hydrogen
Catalyst
Operate under low temp & pressure
Operate under high temp & pressure
Oil Based : Biohydrogenated Diesel
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
1. Government Policy
2. Feedstock (availability and consistency)
3. Hydrogen Sourcing (availability and cost)
4. Technology
5. AEC
Key Issues
Oil Based : Biohydrogenated Diesel
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Palm Based : FAME vs H-FAME vs BHD
Items FAME H-FAME BHD
Main Reaction Transesterification Trans + Hydrogenation Hydrodeoxygenation
Compound Structure Ester Ester Alkane
Oxidation Stability - + ++
Compatibility with based
diesel
+ ++
(claimed)
+++
Operating Cost
as compared to diesel
- -- ---
Process Investment Cost 0 - ---
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Biomass : Biomass to Liquid
Biomass to Liquid (BTL / BtL / BMtL)
: A multi-step process which produces liquid biofuels with diesel-range hydrocarbons from biomass
: Two major steps: Gasification / Fischer-Tropsch
: On average, about 640 ltr/rai (4,000 ltr/hectares) of BTL can be produced
: Potential Feedstock:
- Waste ex. rice straw, wood chip from furniture business, etc.
- Fast growing plant plantation ex. Eucalyptus, Wattle, etc.
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Source: http://newenergyandfuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/choren-gasification-to-fuel-process.jpg
Sample of BTL process by former Choren
Biomass : Biomass to Liquid
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Biomass : Cellulosic Ethanol
Cellulosic ethanol is …
- Exactly the same as bioethanol in terms of physical & chemical properties
- Produced from biomass such as wood, grasses, or the inedible parts of plants.
- A type of biofuel produced from lignocellulose, a structural material that
comprises much of the mass of plants.
- Claimed to be one of the best option for fuel in terms of CO2 emissions
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Biomass : Cellulosic Ethanol
Source : http://www.timaras.com/research/biofuels/Slide18.PNG
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Source : http://mff.dsisd.net/biomass/2-woodenergy.htm
Biomass : Cellulosic Ethanol
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Ethanol Demand in Thailand
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Gasohol Consumption from 2009 to 2015
E10 (Gasohol 91)
E10 (Gasohol 95)
E20
E85
Unit : ML/D
Source : Department of Energy Business
1.25 1.24 1.23 1.39
2.60
3.25 3.50
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Ethanol Consumption from 2009 to 2015
Note : Ethanol consumption was calculated based on minimum blending ratio of ethanol in each type of gasohol
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Examples of On-Going Researches in Thailand
Source : Agricultural Research Development Agency
R&D Strategic Framework on Sustainable Production of Oil Palm and Products, Year 2013 - 2017
Policy on systematic management of
palm oil
R&D on oil palm varieties and production technology
Environmental Impact Assessment
Establishing quality standard and proper
handling
R&D on technology development of by-product and value-
added product R&D Strategic
Framework
2013 - 2017
1
2
3 4
5
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Potential Palm-Based Biofuel in Thailand
Examples of On-Going Researches in Thailand
Source : Agricultural Research Development Agency
Examples of R&D Projects, Fiscal Year 2013
Policy on
systematic
management
of palm oil
1
R&D on oil palm varieties and
production technology
2
Environmental Impact Assessment
3
Establishing quality standard and proper
handling
4
R&D on technology development of by-product and value-
added product
5
- Research Study on the Restructuring of Thailand's Oil Palm and Palm Oil Industry, The Federation of Thai Industries
- A Study of Factors Affecting to Fruit Bunch Price and Palm Oil Price Stability, King Mongkut’s University of Technology
North Bangkok
- A Study for Guidelines on Sustainable Management of the Palm Oil and its Related Products , National Metal and
Materials Technology Center
-Yield potential and the population of dura and pisifera from oil palm clones, Elaeis oleifera X Elaeis guineensis
hybrids and Elaeis oleifera, Maejo University
- Testing on Rat Pest Control Technology of New Oil Palm Plantations in the Area of the Upper South,
Department of Agriculture
- Enhancement of Efficiency for Wastewater Utilization from Palm Oil Mill Industry , Prince of Songkla University
- The Engineering Properties of Lateritic Soil Improved by Portland Cement Type I and Palm Oil Fuel Ash for
Compacted Soil Wall Purpose, Rajamangala University of Technology
- An Economic analysis and assessment of standard implementation , Prince of Songkla University
- Development of smallholder farmers’ group through participation for sustainable oil palm production towards
GAP and RSPO standards, Prince of Songkla University
- Sustainably Participative Management System for Palm Oil Production in the Preparation of the GAP and
RSPO Standards , Khon Kaen University
- Utilization of Palm Oil Industrial Wastes for Production of CoSubstrates and Starter Cultures to Increase
Biogas Production Efficiency and Value-Added Products , Prince of Songkla University
- Chemical-Free Paper from Oil Palm Biomass Residues , Kasetsart University
- Development of a mechanical property of palm oil wood using microwave for construction building,
Rajamangala University of Technology
Conclusion
1. Global supply of CPO has been and still increasing
2. Thailand is still finding proper solution to manage CPO stock
3. Gap between local & global price is a huge barrier to stop local investment towards downstream
4. TH/MY/IND governments are supporting biodiesel
5. OEM for automotive engines are reluctant to go for higher FAME blending ratio
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Conclusion
6. Local FAME demand has been increasing due to TH
government policy
7. There are potential for Oil & Biomass based biofuels
with many success factors to be considered
8. Many researches are being conducted to add more
value for palm industries
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
Thank You
By Mr. Sanin Triyanond
Chairman of Thai Biodiesel Producer Association
References
1) http://www.malaysiandigest.com/business/559998-mercedez-benz-changes-tune-now-says-b10-biodiesel-is-okay.html
2) http://paultan.org/2015/06/18/mercedes-toyota-vw-malaysia-b10-
biodiesel/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Paultanorg+%28paultan.org+-
+The+Automotive+Industry%3A+Cars%2C+News%2CTechnology%2C+Test+Drive+Reports%29
3) http://www.thestar.com.my/Business/Business-News/2015/06/10/BMW-drops-wrench-into-palm-energy-
plan/?style=biz
4) http://paultan.org/2015/01/19/b7-biodiesel-east-malaysia/
5) http://nusantarainitiative.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/GAIKINDO_Bio-Diesel-B20-Movement-17-Feb-2015.pdf
- Potential Future for Palm-Based Biofuel Industry in Thailand -
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