View
227
Download
7
Category
Tags:
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Palm oil industry
Citation preview
Some Best Practices in Some Best Practices in Thailand’s Oil Palm IndustryThailand’s Oil Palm Industry
UnivanichUnivanich Palm Oil PCL, Palm Oil PCL, KrabiKrabi, , ThailandThailand9Sept11
100
Best Oil Palm Growing RegionsBest Oil Palm Growing Regions
10
100
Best growing areas are within100
of the equator
Oil Palms are now spreading to dryer areas up to 150 from the Equator
using drought tolerant hybrid seeds
Planted area of oil palms in ThailandPlanted area of oil palms in Thailand
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000 671,700 hectares(4.20 million rai)
(Hectares)
Source : DOA 2010
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008
1969 First plantings at Univanich
1973 First factory at Univanich
Five Five factors driving growth in factors driving growth in Thailand’s supply Thailand’s supply & demand& demand
2- Agronomic Research is increasing crop yields
1- Oil Palm Breeding is improving drought tolerance
3- Small farmers are driving expansion of the planted area
4- Domestic biodiesel policy and new export markets are creating new demand growth
5- Energy policies are creating new investment opportunities for the industry
3- Small farmers are driving expansion of the planted area
Topi Factory
Locations Locations in in KrabiKrabi ProvinceProvince
Topi Factory
UnivanichUnivanich Palm Oil PCLPalm Oil PCL
Siam Factory Lamthap Factory
AOLUK Siam Factory
UnivanichUnivanich Business StructureBusiness Structure
Own PlantationsOwn Plantations
4 Estates
6,200 ha
Outside Outside GrowersGrowers
approx 4,000 small growers
Oil Palm Research Centre (OPRC)
Seedlings for replanting
Seedlings for new planting
Seed Exports customers in 10 countries
,
approx 40,000 ha
3 Crushing mills
(135 tonnes fruit per hour)
CPO PKO PKC
146,000 tonnes
21,500 tonnes
17% Raw material
150,000 tonnesFFB
83% Raw material
718,000 tonnesFFB
24,000 tonnes
30% to 80% exported
Carbon Credits Carbon Credits Target 100,000 CERs90,000 CERs annually
Electricity SalesElectricity SalesBiogas capacity of 5.7 Megawatts
UnivanichUnivanich export export facilities at facilities at LaemphongLaemphong Port, Port, KrabiKrabi
Developing new overseas markets for Thai palm oil
Exporting CPO/PKO to Asia and Europe
Oil Oil Palm Research Palm Research Centre Centre (OPRC)(OPRC)
Established in Established in 19831983
Thailand’s leading centre for oil palm research
���� Economic sustainability
���� Environmental sustainability
UnivanichUnivanich OPRC has focus on sustainability ;OPRC has focus on sustainability ;
���� Environmental sustainability
���� Social sustainability
- Oil Palm Breeding and Seed Production
- Fertiliser Trials
- Irrigation Research
- Planting Density Trials
- Methods of Replanting Trials
OPRC Activities ;OPRC Activities ;
- Methods of Replanting Trials
- Oil Palm Tissue Culture
- DNA Marker Research (with Kasetsart University)
- Methane Biogas Capture
- Round Table on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
- Farmer training. Oil palm extension.
Objective : To produce World Class Tenera hybrids especially suited to dry growing conditions
UnivanichUnivanich Breeding Breeding ProgrammeProgramme
Selections based on : -- High Oil YieldsHigh Oil Yields
-- Drought ToleranceDrought Tolerance
-- Low height incrementsLow height increments
UnivanichUnivanich Collection of Genetic MaterialCollection of Genetic Material
Combined Combined Breeding Breeding ProgrammeProgramme
Harrison & CrosfieldDami (Papua New Guinea)
Deli Duras and AVROS
Unilever & SIPEF Joint Research Scheme (JRS)
Binga (Congo) Yangambi and other origins
Unilever Plantations GroupLobe (Cameroon) Ekona and others
Unifield PCLTissue Culture Laboratories (UK)
Clones of selected Duras, Teneras and Pisiferas, 1991
Unilever Plantations GroupYaligimba (Congo)
Deli Duras, ex-Damiand others, 1997
Guthrie PlantationsChemara (Malaysia) Deli Duras, 1970
UnivanichUnivanich
Oil Palm Research Centre Oil Palm Research Centre
ThailandThailand
ProgrammeProgramme(CBP)(CBP)
1988 - 1991
Progeny testing of new Progeny testing of new hybrid crosseshybrid crosses
Field testing of more than 900 progeny crosses
Producing a new generation of palmsProducing a new generation of palms
Deli x Deli x YangambiYangambi hybrid palm hybrid palm 24 24 months after plantingmonths after planting
A A new generation of palmsnew generation of palms
Selected for high yields in Thailand’s dry climateSelected for high yields in Thailand’s dry climate
IndiaMyanmarCambodia VietnamPhilippinesIndonesiaNigeria Ethiopia ColombiaBrazil
UnivanichUnivanich Oil Palms now growing in Oil Palms now growing in
Seed Exports from ThailandSeed Exports from Thailand
Quality Certification Quality Certification
Current production 10 million seeds
Also supplying local farmers with quality seedlingsAlso supplying local farmers with quality seedlings
Supplying local farmers more than Supplying local farmers more than 11,,000000,,000 000 certified seedlings each year certified seedlings each year ISO ISO 9001 9001 certification of seed production and nurseriescertification of seed production and nurseries
Thailand’s new generation of hybrid palms Thailand’s new generation of hybrid palms are achieving production records around Asiaare achieving production records around Asia
Univanich Deli x Yangambi hybrid growing in Philippines
Economic sustainability (continued) Economic sustainability (continued)
Tissue Tissue Culture : the next innovation Culture : the next innovation in in oil palm breedingoil palm breeding
Producing Thailand’s first oil palm clonesProducing Thailand’s first oil palm clones
Tissue CultureTissue Culture
Developing a new generation of high Developing a new generation of high yielding yielding clonalclonal palmspalms
Cloning and field testing Cloning and field testing of elite palms from the of elite palms from the UnivanichUnivanich breeding breeding programmeprogramme
Economic sustainability (continued) Economic sustainability (continued)
Irrigation research: to overcome the effects Irrigation research: to overcome the effects of of Thailand’s dry seasonsThailand’s dry seasonsof of Thailand’s dry seasonsThailand’s dry seasons
Monthly Soil Water Deficit Monthly Soil Water Deficit (mm) (mm) at at UnivanichUnivanich
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total
2004 25 94 94 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 2602005 112 146 22 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3112006 0 0 5 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 2007 73 109 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 185
Thailand suffers an annual dry seasonThailand suffers an annual dry season
2007 73 109 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1852008 41 24 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 74
2009 123 140 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 2732010 43 76 98 37 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 276
Southern Thailand usually has four or five months of soil water deficit
Thousand Tonnes
Thailand’s monthly CPO Production Thailand’s monthly CPO Production 2010 2010 -- 20112011
Severe dry seasons in Thailand create large differences between low production and high production months
Oil Palm Irrigation ResearchOil Palm Irrigation Research
Automated irrigation trials to test (a) palm’s water requirements and (b) best methods of application
Trial Period Objectives
Three Three UnivanichUnivanich Irrigation Trials Irrigation Trials 1990 1990 -- 20062006
Drip Irrigation Trial 1990 – 1999 To compare 150 litres/palm.day300 litres/palm.day
1
Methods of Irrigation 1996 – 1999 To compare 4 methods- Drippers- Sprinklers- Microsprayers- Contour furrows
2
Drip Irrigation Trial 2000 – 2006 To compare 225 litres/palm.day(Phase II) 450 litres/palm.day3
Irrigation amount Normal Fertiliser Double Fertiliser
0 17.6 18.2
Summary of Summary of Irrigation Trial Yields Irrigation Trial Yields (old (old generation oil palms planted in generation oil palms planted in 19851985))
TonnesTonnes FFB/ha/yearFFB/ha/year
(litres/palm.day)
0 17.6 18.2
225 24.3 24.1
450 25.0 28.1
Irrigation will increase yields by approximately 10 tonnes fruit per hectare
Oil palms respond to 450 litres/palm/day provided fertiliser is also increased
FFB Yields of FFB Yields of UnivanichUnivanich HybridsHybrids
(Deli x Yangambi mixed commercial crosses)
Yield Yield Profiles Profiles of new generation of new generation hybrid hybrid palmspalms
Irrigated Blocks
Non-irrigated 20
25
30
35
40
45FFB mt/ha
(Deli x Yangambi mixed commercial crosses planted in 1999 )
Irrigated Blocks
Non-irrigated
40
30
20
New generation hybrids with irrigation produce up to 40 mt FFB per hectare
Irrigation will add about 10 mt FFB per hectare
Non-irrigated
Blocks
0
5
10
15
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7Year of harvesting
Months from Planting 25 - 36 37 - 48 49 - 60 61 - 72 73 - 84 85 - 96 97 - 108
Non-irrigated Blocks 20
10
Water Supply
2011 2011 Irrigation Irrigation & & FertigationFertigation TrialTrial
���� To compare fertilizer applied by manual and fertigation methods
���� 21.5 hectares 8 treatments and 6 replicates
���� 4 fertilizer rates with two application methods
���� 8 drippers / palm 450 litres / palm / day
���� Trial period 2011 - 2017
Developing sustainable Developing sustainable replanting techniquesreplanting techniques
Environmental sustainabilityEnvironmental sustainability
replanting techniquesreplanting techniques
Developing new techniques for replanting old palmsDeveloping new techniques for replanting old palms
Routine replanting of 3% to 4% of Univanich area each year
Terracing in hill estatesTerracing in hill estates
Developing environmentally sustainable planting practices to Developing environmentally sustainable planting practices to conserve moisture and protect the soilconserve moisture and protect the soil
New New underplantingunderplanting techniques on flat landtechniques on flat land
Phased felling of the old palms in avenues
UnderplantingUnderplanting techniquestechniques
Underplanting spreads the economic cost of replanting and optimises benefit of biomass nutrients from the old stand of palms
Economic sustainability Economic sustainability
UnderplantingUnderplanting trials at trials at UnivanichUnivanich have also indicated have also indicated the potential for Integrated the potential for Integrated Cattle Cattle & Oil & Oil PalmPalm
: to : to diversify diversify farmer incomefarmer income
Economic sustainability Economic sustainability
TwoTwo--tier planting trialstier planting trials
UnderplantingUnderplanting trials at trials at UnivanichUnivanich have also indicated the potential have also indicated the potential
for twofor two--tier planting of different ages of palmstier planting of different ages of palms
-- increasing yields and reducing the economic impact of replantingincreasing yields and reducing the economic impact of replanting
TwoTwo--tier planting trials tier planting trials ( 97 hectares planted in 1993 & 2007)
18 year old palms with avenues of 4 year old palms-- increasing yields and reducing the economic impact of replantingincreasing yields and reducing the economic impact of replanting
Economic sustainability Economic sustainability
Planting density Planting density and thinning trialsand thinning trialsand thinning trialsand thinning trials
NormalNormal plantingplanting densitydensity inin ThailandThailand143143 palmspalms /hectare/hectare ((99..00 mm triangle)triangle)
HigherHigher plantingplanting densitydensity ofof160160 palms/hectarepalms/hectare ((88..55 mm triangle)triangle)
���� Higher planting density gives higher
early yields in first 8 years from planting
���� At 9 years, reduce to 120 palms/ha by
���� Univanich trials of this treatment gave
15% higher crop yield over first 16 years of production (+36 t FFB / ha) compared to conventional 143 palms/ha density
���� At 9 years, reduce to 120 palms/ha by
removing 25% of palms
160160 palms/hectarepalms/hectare ((88..55 mm triangle)triangle)
withwith systematicsystematic thinningthinning toto 120120 palmspalms /hectare/hectare
X 25% of palms removed at age 9 years
EvenEven higherhigher plantingplanting densitydensity ofof180180palms/hectarepalms/hectare ((88..00 mm triangle)triangle)
givesgives similarsimilar resultsresults
X 33% of palms removed at age 9 years
Biomass byBiomass by--products as products as substitute for chemical substitute for chemical fertilisersfertilisers
Environmental sustainability Environmental sustainability
substitute for chemical substitute for chemical fertilisersfertilisers
Mg
NutrientNutrient equivalentequivalent ofof biomassbiomass replacingreplacingchemicalchemical fertilisersfertilisers (kg equivalent)
(SOA) (GRP) (MOP) (Kieserite)
EFBEFB 1 ton = 17.5kg 2.9kg 18.3kg 4.7kg
N P K
TrunksTrunks/hectare = 1,616kg 92kg 707kg 281kg
at replanting
FrondsFronds 1 ton = 52.1kg 5.6kg 15.9kg 11.2kg
annual pruning
Returning EFB biomass to the fieldReturning EFB biomass to the field
Reducing the need for chemical fertilizers
Mulching young palms with chipped Mulching young palms with chipped palm palm trunks at replantingtrunks at replanting
Conserving moisture, recycling nutrients to the next generation
Frond stacking and EFB mulching under mature palmsFrond stacking and EFB mulching under mature palms
Improving soil structure and moisture retention Reducing soil and nutrient erosion
Methane capture and Methane capture and renewable energy from renewable energy from factory waste waterfactory waste water
Environmental sustainability (continued) Environmental sustainability (continued)
factory waste waterfactory waste water
PalmPalm oiloil millmill effluenteffluent (POME)(POME) isis traditionallytraditionally treatedtreated inin deepdeepanaerobicanaerobic pondsponds whichwhich emitemit largelarge quantitiesquantities ofof methanemethanebiogasbiogas toto thethe atmosphereatmosphere
AA sourcesource ofof potentpotent greenhousegreenhouse gasgas emissionsemissions
Year commissioned 2007 2008 2009
Three Three UnivanichUnivanich CDM Methane CDM Methane Capture Capture ProjectsProjects
�Siam Project
�LamthapProject
�TopiProject
Total Capital Investment US$ Total Capital Investment US$ 66..8 8 millionmillion
Construction of Construction of Biogas ReactorsBiogas Reactors
2007- Univanich Lamthap Project
First Project2006/2007 - Univanich Siam Project
Second Project
Completed CIGARSCompleted CIGARS®®
(Covered In-Ground Anaerobic Reactors)
Commissioned December 2007
Commissioned June 2008
First Project - Siam
Second Project - Lamthap
Commissioned August 2009
Third Project - Topi
Capturing the methane emitted from factory waste waterwaste water
Biological ScrubbersBiological Scrubbers using using bacteria to clean the gasbacteria to clean the gas
Two designs of bio-scrubbers both reduce Hydrogen Sulphide from above 2,500 ppmto below 100 ppm
Horizontal Scrubber
Vertical Scrubbers
UtilisingUtilising the Methane Biogasthe Methane Biogas
Gas engine generators fueled by biogas supply electricity to the national grid
Surplus biogas is burnt in flares to also qualify for Carbon Credits
(CERs)
Increasing Increasing economic economic and environmental sustainabilityand environmental sustainability
Three biogas engine generators at the 60t Topi palm oil mill
Biogas power houses are now attached to each Biogas power houses are now attached to each UnivanichUnivanich factoryfactory
Supplying renewable electricity to Thailand’s national grid
12 12 months Electricity Sales from POME Biogasmonths Electricity Sales from POME Biogas(January (January –– December December 20102010))
�
Siam Project
�LamthapProject
�
TopiProject
TOTAL
Electricity generated 6,397 7,991 16,028 30,416(MW hrs)
Sales value to grid (Baht) 16.3 mil 23.3 mil 37.2 mil 76.9 mil(US$ 2.5 mil)
Sales value own use (Baht) 8.5 mil 5.1 mil 27.5 mil 41.2 mil(US$ 1.4 mil)
�
Siam Project
�
LamthapProject
�
TopiProject
Estimated annual CERs 20,500 25,000 42,000 87,500
12 12 months Carbon Credits from Captured Methanemonths Carbon Credits from Captured Methane(January (January –– December December 20102010))
TOTAL
(Certified Emission Reductions)
CERs received (to date) - 4,346 * - 4,346(since start of projects)
* The first POME biogas CERs to be issued to the Palm Oil Industry in Asia
Conclusions about Methane Capture ProjectsConclusions about Methane Capture Projects
11.. The CIGARThe CIGAR®® or modified covered lagoon technology is achieving ouror modified covered lagoon technology is achieving ourdigestion and capture targetsdigestion and capture targets- the right choice of technology
22.. The gas engines are mostly achieving generation targetsThe gas engines are mostly achieving generation targets
33.. CER revenue targets have CER revenue targets have not yet been achievednot yet been achieved- the most difficult feature of all three projects
22.. The gas engines are mostly achieving generation targetsThe gas engines are mostly achieving generation targets- Supplying the electricity needs of more than 2,000 households around Krabi Province
44. Our environmental and sustainability objectives have been achieved . Our environmental and sustainability objectives have been achieved
- a large reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
- a renewable energy source has replaced fossil fuels
- waste water treatment has improved with reduced odoursaround the factories
- factory efficiencies have improved with reduced processing costs
- new skilled jobs have been created in three rural communities- new skilled jobs have been created in three rural communities
- Sharing technology and creating new employment opportunities in rural areas
Social sustainabilitySocial sustainability
rural areas
Social SustainabilitySocial Sustainability
Creating good jobs and good housing for
Univanich plantation workers and their families
Social SustainabilitySocial Sustainability
Plantation workers are encouraged to own their Iron-buffalo machines.
Many become transport entrepreneurs
Social SustainabilitySocial Sustainability
55S Programs in S Programs in UnivanichUnivanichCrushing MillsCrushing Mills
1. Seiri : Sort
2. Seiton : Set in order3. Seiso : Shine4. Seiketsu : Standardise5. Shitsuke : Sustain
Improving the working environment for factory workers also improves factory efficiencies
5. Shitsuke : Sustain
Farmer Field Days at Farmer Field Days at UnivanichUnivanich
Social SustainabilitySocial Sustainability
Sponsored in co-operation with GIZ
Farmer Field Farmer Field DaysDays
More than 1,000 farmers attending a Univanich field day
Sharing the technologySharing the technology
Sharing results of research trials with local farmers
Training programs for Training programs for farmers at farmers at UnivanichUnivanich OPRCOPRC
Increasing efficiencies and improving
sustainability
Sponsored in co-operation with GIZ
Oil palms are transforming the lives of small farmers and their families
Happy farmersThe miracle crop of our times The miracle crop of our times
www.univanich.comUnivanich Palm Oil PLC
9 SEPT2011
Recommended