MOVING FROM ECOLOGY TO BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOCHEMISTRY LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Organisms Organ Systems...

MOVING FROM ECOLOGY TO BIOCHEMISTRY

BIOCHEMISTRY LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

Organisms

Organ Systems

Organs Tissues

Cells Molecules Atoms

Subatomic

Particles

BIOLOGICAL BONDS (CONCEPT 2.3)

• TYPES OF BONDS & INTERACTIONS

• COVALENT BONDS

• IONIC BONDS

• HYDROGEN BONDS

• HYDROPHOBIC & HYDROPHILIC INTERACTIONS

• VAN DER WAALS INTERACTIONS

COVALENT BONDS

• VALENCE ELECTRONS ARE SHARED BY TWO ATOMS

• THERE ARE TWO TYPES

• POLAR – SHARED UNEQUALLY

• NONPOLAR – SHARED

EQUALLY (O=O, H-H)

IONIC BONDS

• SOME ATOMS ATTRACT VALENCE ELECTRONS SO UNEQUALLY THAT THE MORE ELECTRONEGATIVE ATOM STEALS THE ELECTRON AWAY FROM THE LESS ELECTRONEGATIVE

HYDROGEN BONDS

• THE SLIGHTLY POSITIVE

HYDROGEN ATOM OF A POLAR

MOLECULE IS ATTRACTED TO

THE SLIGHTLY NEGATIVE ATOM

OF ANOTHER MOLECULE

• WATER IS POLAR

HYDROPHOBIC & HYDROPHILIC INTERACTIONS

• HYDROPHOBIC – “WATER-FEARING”

• NONPOLAR MOLECULES

• NO AFFINITY FOR WATER

• HYDROPHILIC – “WATER-LOVING”

• POLAR MOLECULES

• HAVE AN AFFINITY FOR WATER

VAN DER WAALS INTERACTIONS

• WEAK INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MOLECULES OR PARTS OF MOLECULES THAT RESULT FROM TRANSIENT LOCAL PARTIAL CHARGES

• WAIT. WHAT?

• VIDEO