Motivation at Work ◦ the act of giving somebody a reason or incentive to do something ◦ a...

Motivation at Motivation at Work Work

◦the act of giving somebody a reason or incentive to do something

◦a feeling of enthusiasm, interest, or commitment that makes somebody want to do something, or something that causes such a feeling

Why do people work?Why do people work?Money is probably at the top of your list!

Earn money to buy food and the basic necessities for life.

Why do people work?Why do people work?Money is probably at the top of your list!

Other Reasons include◦To make new friends◦To have Job Security◦Sense of

Achievement / Importance

◦Sense of Identity◦Satisfying Ambition

MotivationMotivationIt’s the reason why employees

want to work hard and work effectively for the business.

Employees are a firm’s greatest asset!

Motivational TheoriesMotivational TheoriesPeople

◦work for themselves◦work hard & effectively because

◦ see the direct benefits.People

◦working for someone else ◦may not work as hard or effectively as a

result◦ not seeing THEIR benefits

Motivation◦Task of Management◦ Needed for success of the business

Motivational TheoriesMotivational Theories

Taylor Maslow Herzberg Locke 1911 1954 1959 1968

F.W. TaylorF.W. TaylorStarted as a Factory

Labourer in America in the 1880s

Rose to Chief EngineerConducted Experiments

on how Labour Productivity could be increased

Devised Piece Rate system to increase productivity

F.W. Taylor’s AssumptionsF.W. Taylor’s AssumptionsAssumption

◦“all individuals are motivated by personal gain”

Stated◦paid more◦individuals work

more effectively.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Needs

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Needs

Wages high enough to cover bills

Job Security

Support from work colleagues

Recognized for your efforts

Promotions & increased

responsibilityThe top two are higher-order needs.

The first three are lower-order needs.

-----------------------

Herzberg - Two-Factor Herzberg - Two-Factor TheoryTheory

1. Hygiene factors- salary and security. Improving these lowers dissatisfaction but doesn't improve motivation or satisfaction

2. Motivators- recognition, responsibility, work itself, achievement, advancement - these lead to increased motivation

Herzberg – Human NeedsHerzberg – Human Needs

Why do people work?Why do people work?

WhyWork?

Money Security

Social Needs

Esteem Needs

Job Satisfactio

n

Motivating FactorsMotivating FactorsMonetary RewardsNon-Monetary RewardsJob Satisfaction

Monetary RewardsMonetary RewardsPay

Wages

Time RateDisadvantages

◦Takes time◦Good/bad workers paid

the same◦More supervision needed

Costly / Expensive

◦Constant supervision needed Production amounts &

quality

◦Clocking in system

Wage CalculationWage Calculation

Wage CalculationWage Calculation

Piece Rate

Wage CalculationWage CalculationPiece RateAdvantages & Disadvantages

SalariesSalaries

Salary CalculationSalary CalculationYearly Income / 12Extra Work

◦included◦usually not paid for

Calculated once a monthStandard Rate

◦Set amount of money◦Basic Salary

Salary RewardsSalary Rewards

Salary Rewards

Commission

Bonus

Profit Sharing

Performance

Related Pay

Share Ownership

Non-Monetary RewardsNon-Monetary RewardsPerks / Fringe BenefitsVary – Seniority

◦Factory Worker Discounts on products

◦Senior Manager Company Car House Expense Account

Non-Monetary RewardsNon-Monetary Rewards

Discounts on Products

Health CareCompany VehicleFuel CardFree Accommodation

Non-Monetary RewardsNon-Monetary Rewards

Housing AllowanceShare OptionsExpense AccountsPension SchemesFree Trips /

Holidays

Job SatisfactionJob SatisfactionHappy Workers

◦Employees enjoy their work/job

◦More committed to their work

◦Work more effectively◦Motivated Positively

Unhappy Workers◦Poor Management◦Employees treated badly◦Factors perceived badly

Fringe Benefits, Rate of Pay

Job Satisfaction IdeasJob Satisfaction Ideas

Pay Opportunity for Promotion

Working Conditions

Fringe Benefits Employee Management

Working Hours

Job SatisfactionJob Satisfaction

Colleagues Nature of Work Responsibility

Sense of Achievement

Status

Recognition Training

Increasing Job SatisfactionIncreasing Job SatisfactionJob Rotation

◦ Workers swap duties

◦ Specific Task for a period of time

◦ Increases Variety

◦ Easier for Managers to move workers for cover

◦ DOES NOT make tasks more interesting

Increasing Job SatisfactionIncreasing Job SatisfactionJob Enlargement

◦ Extra Tasks◦ Similar level of work◦ Added to job

description◦ Adds variety

◦ Do not add extra work

◦ Do not increase responsibility

Increasing Job SatisfactionIncreasing Job SatisfactionJob Enrichment

◦ Add tasks with more skills / responsibility

◦ Additional Training may be needed

◦ Redesigning jobs

◦ Scope for fulfilling higher human needs

◦ Workers more committed

◦ Raises Productivity

Increasing Job SatisfactionIncreasing Job SatisfactionAutonomous

Work Groups & Teamworking

◦ Group given responsibility for a particular process, product or development

◦ Decide how to complete

the task organize jobs

Increasing Job SatisfactionIncreasing Job SatisfactionAutonomous

Work Groups & Teamworking

Workers◦ more involved◦ decision making◦ responsibility◦ control – jobs &

tasks◦ more committed

Motivating Factors at all Motivating Factors at all LevelsLevels