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Modular Mars Analog SettlementsBEYOND THE LANDER
KENT NEBERGALL
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Lander versus Settlement Analog GoalsLander Analog Goals Micro-Settlement Analog Goals
• High Fidelity to Space-X MCT form factor (10 M Cylinder)
• Break functions into modules that can be transported and assembled on site.
• Six person crew • Variable size depending on budget/goals.
• External Greenhouse Available (two zones) • Much larger greenhouse that can provide food and psychological benefits. Integrated into habitat.
• Multiple out-buildings • Contiguous but expandable structure.
• Each Crew has a “Discovery Factor” as if they just landed for the first time.
• Continuity of Science Recording via the Remote Science Team
• Each crew should expect an existing system and knowledgebase of both the settlement and the surrounding landscape.
• Knowledge should be stored on site and mirrored
• Science is simulated, but Engineering (structure) is locked
• Should be able to add and remove experimentalhabitat systems periodically.
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Cost AdvantagesGoals Description
Design in segments that represent modular, lightweight components
• Roughly the scale of a 20 foot shipping container, but broken into parts that can fold flat and be assembled on site with small crew.
• Can be built as paid for, so no massive funding wall to be scaled.
Variable Crew Size in Same Design • Can start with two person construction shack and be scaled up to a subdivision.
Minimal Maintenance Costs • Able to fully replace any broken or depreciated components without full overhaul of entire structure.
Construction Experimentation • Can add experimental structures from university architects, etc. and remove when no longer appropriate.
More Sponsorship Opportunities • Also an off-grid “home” with green energy systems and low-impact construction. Ideal for architectural, university, and vendor sponsorship of these systems.
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Science AdvantagesGoals Description
Outdoor Data Management(seek sponsorship: Google/et al)
• Include central, purpose built database of land forms, local geology, and image storage.
• Add to data set from drones, rovers, and EVA equipment.• Automatically log weather, etc.• Allow geologists/biologists to expand “wiki” as research expands,
and submit reports after missions end.
Indoor Data Management • “Smart house” features would optimize climate and energy use.• Can keep detailed records on maintenance, parts, etc.• Recording of indoor/outdoor interactions (temperature, etc.) to
determine effectiveness of structures for improvement.
Lab Equipment Management • Labview-type software (home grown, donated, or public domain) with interfaces to current and planned lab gear.
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Site Scale OptionsGoals Description Crew Full Arch Base Tower
Minimal Cabin Outpost
“399” cabin for early construction experiments.
2 3 2 1?
Generation 1 Outpost
Base model for expansion into full settlement building.2 module Lab + 2 module greenhouse
2-4 8 2 4 1
Generation 1.5 Outpost
Second story added to base model. Two staterooms, two greenhouse modules.
4 12 2 4 1
Full Outpost More staterooms, living space, full kitchen, second bathroom.
8 19 2 6 2
Extended Outpost Control tower, observatory tower. 8 19 2 6 8
Extended Lab Two story lab with Roof Drone Hangar. 8 22 2 6 8
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Off-Grid/Analog FeaturesGoals Description
Solar/DC power System • Lighting and basic computer hardware is driven from solar panels and batteries, along with basic fans, etc.
• It should be perfectly habitable without AC power.• Some in-line converters for AC plugs where appropriate.
AC Power System • Used mainly for HVAC, recharging batteries if low, and any hipower situations such as construction.
Gray water Recycling • Gray water is filtered, sterilized and used to water plants.• If used in desert environment, will also provide humidity to cabin.• Dependent on high grade system being donated – too dangerous
to improvise systems.
Composting Toilets/Separate Urinals
• Integrated into system directly. Simplifies waste disposal (NOT recycled in greenhouse).
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Crew PsychologyGoals Description
Avoid the “Tin Can” feel and make a permanent home.
• Very important to Mars settlement psychology• Crew mental health• Public acceptance of settlement concept
Extensive Green Space • Provides a double digit percentage of food supply.• Gives “outdoor/nature” space even when indoors/desert.
Lighting and Sound Control • Keep fan/pump/etc noise as close to silence as possible.• Use blue lighting for wake-up, white for work, red for sleep time.
Ultimate goal – “Dream home” feel
• Design Goal: Our biggest problem with crew psychology is that we will have to drag them kicking and screaming out of the airlock when their rotation ends.
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
The Design
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Tech
Windows
Solar Panels
(30.24 m2)
Mirrors
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Airlocks
Labs
Mezzanine
State Rooms
State Rooms
Mezzanine
Greenhouse
Greenhouse
TechStorage Water
3.0
0m
.4.5
0m
.6.0
0m
.
1.50m.
13.86m.
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
6.0
0m
.
18
.00
m.
Engineering
Airlock
Main
Airlock
Suit
Storage
Science
Lab
Galley
Module
Engineering
Galley
Module
Toilet
Toilet
Sinks,
Bath
Storage
Sinks,
Bath
Storage
Mezzanine
Living/Dining Area
State
Room
Modules
(2 per Floor)
State
Room
Modules
(2 per Floor)
Galley
Kitchen
Module
Shower
Open
Greenhouse
Module
(2 Levels)
Greenhouse
Module
(2 Levels)
Sunroom/
Tall
Greenhouse
with stairs to
side modules
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Tech
Sto
rage
Water
Co
mp
ost.
To
ilet
Base
Co
mp
ost.
To
ilet
Base
Grayw
ater
Filters
Scien
ce
Sto
rage
En
gin
eer
Sto
rage
Grayw
ater
Filters
En
gin
eer
Sto
rage
HV
AC
Grayw
ater
Filters
Main
Water
Tan
ks
Green
Ho
use
Sto
rage
Grayw
ater
Filters
Waste
Water
Sto
rage
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Airlo
cks
Lab
sS
tate Ro
om
sG
reenh
ou
se
Tech
Sto
rage
Water
Up
Up
UpUp
Up
Up
b
Up
Utility
Sp
ace,
Lo
ng
Term
Sto
rage
Bin
s
Un
der
Flo
or
Mezzan
ine
Su
b-flo
or
for p
oo
l,
tall plan
ts
Up
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Airlo
cks
Lab
s
Mezzan
ine
State R
oo
ms
Mezzan
ine
Green
ho
use
Tech
Sto
rage
Water U
p
Up
HW
b
Up
b
Up
Up
Up
Up
Up
C a
2671.0 mm
. x 801.7 mm
.
Up
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Airlo
cks
Lab
s
Mezzan
ine
State R
oo
ms
State R
oo
ms
Mezzan
ine
Green
ho
use
Green
ho
use
Tech
Sto
rage
Water
Up
Up
Up
Up
Op
en to
Mezzan
ine,
Hig
h
Win
do
ws
Op
en to
Mezzan
ine,
Hig
h
Win
do
ws
Co
ntro
l
To
wer
Ob
servatory
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Airlocks
Labs
Mezzanine
State Rooms
State Rooms
Mezzanine
Greenhouse
Greenhouse
TechStorage Water
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Expansion OptionsGoals Description
Hexagonal Tower “Tunnels” • Can connect both similar and dissimilar structures to the main building.
Geodesic Dome Workshop • High greenhouse for trees, integrated aquaponics with fish, etc.• Large structures could have garden, small pool, etc.
Quonset or Hex-Hangar Workshop • Vehicle storage and repair• Exercise equipment• Common theater/etc. space
Second Settlement • Additional buildings like the settlement can be added.• Should be done with “bypass” walkways to avoid cutting through
other team’s labs or kitchens to get from one place to another.
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Application to Mars SurfaceGoals Description
Air Pressure and Hexagons
• Hexagons are braced against each other, so most modules have no pressure differential.
• Outer spaces for plants do not need full atmospheric pressure. • Can have internal airlocks and semi-pressure suits with breathing
equipment for greenhouse work.
Cosmic Ray shielding • Add one layer of modules above the habitat and fill with reinforced ice for cosmic ray, meteor, and thermal change protection.
• Also caps atmospheric pressure inside.
Towers • Would connect structures in base to other structures and to the surface airlocks.
Food Growth • Stored food looses nutritional value if exposed to radiation• Settlers would grow and dehydrate food for crews returning to Earth.
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
Questions?Kent Nebergall
kent@macroinvent.com
MacroInvent.com
© 2013, 2017 Kent Nebergall, All Rights Reserved.
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