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Modern Slavery
Jennifer Hall
Portfolio Co-ordinator
National Policing Modern Slavery Team
• Labour exploitation – US$150 billion per year
Crime pays?
• Estimated 10,000-13,000 slaves in the UK
• “The Dark Figure” - likely to be much higher
• 2,340 potential victims referred into NRM in 2014
•Sexual Exploitation costs the UK £890M per year
The UK Picture
What is Modern Slavery?
• Human Trafficking
• Labour Exploitation
• Domestic Servitude
•Sexual Exploitation
• Enforced Criminality
“Trafficking in persons shall mean the recruitment,transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt ofpersons, by means of threat or use of force orother forms of coercion, or abduction, of fraud, ofdeception, of the abuse of power or of a positionof vulnerability or of the giving or receiving ofpayments or benefits to achieve the consent of aperson having control over another person, for thepurposes of exploitation.” Palermo Protocol
Human Trafficking
Debt Bondage
Labour Exploitation
“All work or service that is exacted from anyperson under the menace of any penalty and forwhich the said person has not offered himselfvoluntarily.”
International Labour Organization
Children cannot give informed consent, so it isnot necessary to show that they were forced,coerced or deceived into being exploited.
If they are being exploited, or held in slavery, thatis sufficient to demonstrate that a slavery ortrafficking offence is likely to have taken place.
Child Slavery
Where?
The Common Denominator
VULNERABILITY
Darrell’s Story
D/Ch Supt Paul GriffithsOperation IMPERIAL
Cariad Farm, Nr Newport
Strike Day
Conviction
Living Conditions
UK Response
•Home Office Modern Slavery Strategy
•The Modern Slavery Act 2015
Home Secretary Theresa May:
“The presence of modern slavery in today’ssociety is an affront to the dignity andhumanity of every one of us .”
“This landmark legislation sends the strongestpossible signal to criminals that if you areinvolved in this vile trade you will be arrested,you will be prosecuted and you will be lockedup. And it says to victims, you are not alone -we are here to help you .”
• Maximum penalty now life imprisonment
• Strengthens powers to recover criminal assets
• Introduces tools to restrict offender’s activity
Modern Slavery Act 2015
Targeting Offenders
• Statutory defence for victims of modern slavery
• Courts can impose reparation orders
• Special measures to support victims
Protecting Victims
What can I do?
Signs & Symptoms
o Distrustful of authoritieso Expression of fear or anxiety o Signs of psychological traumao Acts as if instructed by anothero Injuries due to assault/controlling measures
o Limited social contact o Limited contact with family o Unable/reluctant to give informationo Perception of being bonded by debt o Salary deductions for food/accommodation
o Threat of being handed over to authorities o Threats against the individual/their familyo Being placed in a dependency situation o Limited access to bathroom or hygiene facilities
Useful Links
https://modernslavery.co.uk/
Helpline: 0800 0121 700
Get in touch at
modernslavery@devonandcornwall.pnn.police.uk
Any Questions?
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