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ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TRAINING –
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
MODERN METHODS OF ACCELERATION AND COMPACT
LIGHT SOURCES
Andrei A. SeryiJohn Adams Institute for Accelerator ScienceUniversity of Oxford and Royal Holloway University of London, UK
Particle Physics seminar9th November 2010
Uncovering the origin of the universe
nowBig Bang
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Older ….. larger … colder ….less energetic
nowBig Bang
2
The hottest spots in the galaxy
When the two beams of protons
Colliders – explore what matter is made of
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
When the two beams of protons collide, they will generate temperatures
1000 million times hotter than the heart of the sun,but in a minuscule space
LEP Collider, CERN
“Yesterday”
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
VEP-2000 Collider, BINP
SLAC Linear ColliderLEP Collider, CERN
Tevatron collider, Fermilab
“Today”
What causes mass??The mechanism – Higgs or alternative appears around the corner
Precision measurements at CERN/LEP and
SLAC/SLC establish Standard Model – explains
how particles interact …
But profound
question remain
• Why do the particles all
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
• Why do the particles all
have different masses,
and where does the mass
come from?
Composition of the universe
Unknown Matter ~ 90%
Known and Understood Matter
DARK MATTER & DARK MATTER &
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
What is Dark Matter ?• Perhaps a new form of elementary particle?
DARK MATTER & DARK MATTER & DARK ENERGYDARK ENERGY
Supersymmetry and Dark Matter
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
• Just as with anti-matter, new particles are predicted• Supersymmetric particles have just the properties expected of Dark Matter
Proton beam stores 700 MegaJoules equivalent to Boeing 747 energy on take-off – enough to melt 1/2 ton copper
Large Hadron Collider
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
The Biggest Detectors ever built
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
LHC and e+e- Collider
� LHC will open the curtain
of a theatre of new physics
� Proton is a composite object –
complex analysis
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
complex analysis
� Electron and positron are zero-size
objects
� The e+e- collider will
illuminate the stage
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Comparative accuracy of particle physics
“microscopes”
source
pre-accelerator
KeV
few GeV
Designing the next Linear
Collider
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
main linacbunchcompressor
dampingring
collimation
final focus
IP
extraction& dumpfew GeV
few GeV250-500 GeV
International Linear Collider
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
� Developed by Global Design Effort (GDE)
ILC’s Workhorse – Superconducting RF
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
CLIC – Compact Linear
Collider
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
� Alternative design that may provide path to higher energy
� Undergoing active design and feasibility study
Accelerator-Driven Subcritical
Reactor (ADSR)
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Concept
� Accelerators can drive next-generation reactors
that burn non-fissile fuel, such as thorium
� Dominant feature of ADSR – its inherent safety
Superconducting cavities – key for enabling ADSR
Accelerators Worldwide
• High-energy accelerators 120
• Synchrotron radiation X-ray sources 100
• Radiotherapy 7700
• Biomedical research 1000
• Industrial processing 1500
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
• Industrial processing 1500
• Ion implanters, surface modification 7000
� Total 17,500
Accelerators are not only for high energy physics
Diamond: synchrotron source of X-rays
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, UK
Protein structure revealed with
help of light sources
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
HIV glycoproteinyeast enzyme
mosquito immune system
Radiotherapy with X-rays
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Cancer therapy with protons
PAMELA: Particle Accelerator for MEdicaL Applications
protons deposit energy much more selectively than x-rays
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
� Accelerator for cancer therapy designed
by collaboration of UK institutions
ISIS: neutron and muon source
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
ISIS pulsed neutron and muon source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK
Neutrons and muons imaging is essential for development of advanced materials for energy, nanotechnology, etc
Materials with low-dimensional structures (e.g. 2-D or layered materials such as graphene) have
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
October 5, 2010: Andre Geimand Konstantin Novoselov from the University of Manchester have been awarded this year's Nobel Prize in Physics following their pioneering research on Graphene
materials such as graphene) have been studies by combination of neutron scattering and x-ray diffraction... [A Goodwin (Cambridge Univ.) A Hannon (ISIS), et al]
Accelerators and Nobel
� Recent studies by Alexander W. Chao and Enzo F. Haussecker
(SLAC) have shown that
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
(SLAC) have shown that
�� The fraction of the Nobel prizes in Physics directly The fraction of the Nobel prizes in Physics directly
connected to accelerators is very close to 30%connected to accelerators is very close to 30%
� A.Chao and E. Haussecker "Impact of Accelerator Science on
Physics Research", to be published in International Committee of Future
Accelerators Beam Dynamics Newsletter, December 2010; and submitted to
the Physics in Perspective Journal, December 2010.
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Atsuto Suzuki (KEK), chair of ICFA (International Committee for Future Accelerators)
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010Atsuto Suzuki (KEK), chair of ICFA (International Committee for Future Accelerators)
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Atsuto Suzuki (KEK), chair of ICFA (International Committee for Future Accelerators)
Concept of a Plasma Wake-Field Acceleration Electron/Positron Linear Collider
Concept of a Plasma Wake-Field Acceleration Electron/Positron Linear Collider
3D-PIC PWFA simulation by F. Tsung/UCLA(CERN Courier June 2007, P.28, C. Joshi)
While such direct extrapolation is not valid, the synergy of classic accelerators and laser and plasma based will clearly change the entire landscape of accelerator science
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
85GeV
Recent tremendous progress in plasma acceleration
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Energy Doubling of 42 Billion Volt Electrons Using an 85 cm Long Plasma Wakefield Accelerator
Nature v 445,p741 (2007)
42 GeV85GeV
Experiments at FFTB demonstrated 50GeV/m
FFT experiments had single bunch
Two bunches: drive and witness, will provide high efficiency of E transfer to accelerated bunch
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
to accelerated bunch
A concept for Plasma Wake Field Acceleration
1TeV CM Linear Collider
� Combines breakthrough performance of plasma acceleration &
wealth of 30+ yrs of LC development
Drive beam accelerator RF gun
RF separator bunch compressor
Drive beam distribution
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
FACET address key issues of single stage
DR e- DR e+ main beam e-injector
main beam e+ injector
Beam Delivery and IR
PWFA cells PWFA cells
Key features of PWFA-LC concept
� Electron drive beam for both electrons and positrons
� High current low gradient efficient 25GeV drive linac
� similar to linac of CERN CTF3, demonstrated performance
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
� Multiple plasma cells
� 20 cells, meter long, 25GeV/cell, 35% energy transfer efficiency
� Main / drive bunches
� 2.9E10 / 1E10
Drive beam distribution
100nskicker gap
mini-train 1 mini-train 20
500ns2*125 bunches
12µs train
2.9E10 e-/bunch
Kickers
feed-
Single train for e+ and e- sidesSeparation by RF deflectors
Kickers with ~100ns rise time
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
feed-forward
Kickers with ~100ns rise timePossibility for feed-forwardPlasma cell spacing c*600ns/2
main beam
animation of beam drive distribution:
Accelerator Science Facilities
(few examples, not a comprehensive review)
� National Lab scale facilities
� FACET (SLAC, USA)
Acc. Facility at FNAL (USA)
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
� Acc. Facility at FNAL (USA)
� ATF/ATF2 (KEK, Japan)
� ALICE/EMMA (Daresbury, UK)
� ...
� University scale facilities
FACET FACILITY FOR ADVANCED ACCELERATOR
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS AT SLAC
FACET FACILITY FOR ADVANCED ACCELERATOR
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS AT SLAC
Unique properties of SLAC e+ and e- beams (ultra-short, high charge) provide worldwide unique opportunities for accelerator research at FACET
Constructed with funds provided by American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Two electron bunches formed by notch collimator will allow study energy allow study energy doubling, high efficiency acceleration, emittance preservation
e+ e+e+ upgrade
IP
R56 = 4 mm, ∆∆∆∆s = 52.7 mm
Shared FFShared linac sailboatchicane
“Sailboat” dual chicane will give unique opportunity to study acceleration of positrons by an electron bunch
e- e-e-
IP
R56 = 4 mm64 m
σσσσx = σσσσyηηηη = 0
chicane
e-
RF
e+ Focal Point: ∆z = -0.1mm
e+
∆z = 5 cm
e-
“Sailboat” dual chicane will give unique opportunity to study acceleration of positrons by an electron bunch
Unique science opportunities for variety of fields: Plasma beam sourcePlasma lens for compact focusingBent crystal for beam collimation or photon sourceBent crystal for beam collimation or photon sourcee+ and e- acceleration study essential for LWFA & PWFADielectric wakefield accelerationEnergy-doubling for existing facilities such as FEL’sGeneration of THz radiation for materials studies
Short bunches and their Tera-Hz radiation open new possibilities to study ultrafast magnetization switching
� Sector 20
� Bunch compressor, final focus,
experimental area and beam dump
Sector 10
New stair case in S19
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Sector 10 bunch compressor
Experimental area & instrumentation
Energy 23 GeV with full compression and maximum peak current
Charge per pulse 2 x 1010 (3 nC) e- or e+ per pulse with full compression
Pulse length at IP (σz) 25 µm with 4 % FW momentum spread with full compression and 40 µm with 1.5 % FW momentum spread
FACET parameters for Science
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
with partial compression
Typical spot size at IP (σx,y) 10 to 20 µm
Repetition rate 30 Hz
Momentum spread 4 % FW with full compression (3 % FWHM); <0.5 % FW without compression
Momentum dispersion at IP (η and η’)
0
Fermilab Acc Science facility
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Constructed with funds provided by American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
S. Nagaitsev et al
• Low energy beamlines: –40 MeV (gun, two 9-cell cavities)• High energy beamlines:–810 MeV (3 cryomodules);–1075 MeV (4 cryomodules);–1500 MeV (6 cryomodules),• Space for a 10 m storage ring
Fermilab Acc Science facility
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
� Proposals
� Emittance exchange
� Optical stochastic cooling
� Plasma acceleration
� Integrable optics ring, etc S. Nagaitsev et al
ATF / ATF2 facility at KEK
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
ATF till 2008
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
ATF2: 2009-
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
� Prototype linear collider final focus system
� Aim to focus 1.3 GeV beam to 37nm
� Equivalent to 2.7 nm at 250 GeV/beam
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
ATF International organization is defined by MOU signed by 25 institutions
One of the missions of ATF and ATF2, is to provide the young scientists and engineers with training opportunities of participating in R&D programs for advanced accelerator technologies
As of May 2010, six PhD in Accelerator Science based on ATF2 work and another eight PhD studies are in development
ATF2 beyond 2012
� A new element of research programme
� Physics in ultra intense laser field
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010T.Tauchi et al
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Facilities at KEKNanometer electron beam at ATF21.3GeV energy37nm vertical beam size at IP
Ultra-intense Laser beam in futureλ = 0.8 umintensity >1020W/cm2
Acceleration (a0ωc)=3.4x1025m/s2
T.Tauchi et al
Analogy between Hawking and Unruh radiation (P. Chen) and scheme of detecting Unruh radiation
Accelerators and Lasers In Combined Experiments (ALICE)
Electron Model for Many Applications (EMMA) at Daresbury Lab
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010Jim Clarke, Susan Smith, et alR Barlow et al. / Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 624 (2010) 1–19
e- 30 MeV; Compton x-ray to 30keV; energy recovery; FFAG tests
ALPHA-X project at Univ. of Strathclyde
� Advanced Laser Plasma
High-energy Accelerators
towards X-rays
� Recently achievements:� Energy spread:
� < 0.4% @ 100 MeV
� Emittance: < 1 πmm mrad
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
� Energy stability 2.8%
� Energy range:
� 20 –200 MeV –gas jet
� up to 0.8 GeV–capillary
� Bunch duration: 1 fs
� Charge: 1 –100 pC
� Peak current: > 5 kA
� Pointing stability: ≈ ±1 mrad
Dino Jaroszynski
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
8 November 2010 Google image115th Anniversary of the Discovery of X-rays
Diamond beamlines
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
New Light Source design
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Jon Marangos et al
LCLS at SLAC
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Compact Light SourcesCompact Light Sources
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Compact Light SourcesCompact Light Sources
Compton scattering
e- γmc2
λ1
λ2
θ
λ2 = λ1 ( 1+θ2γ2 ) / ( 4γ2 )
Inverse Compton scattering:photon gains energy after interaction
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
� Examples for λ1= 532 nm (2.33 eV)
� e- 5.11 MeV (γ =10), λ2= 1.33 nm (0.93 keV)
� e- 18.6 MeV (γ =36.5), λ2= 0.1 nm (12.4 keV)
Evolution of computers Evolution of computers and light sourcesand light sources
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
THOMX Conceptual Design Report, A.Variola, A.Loulergue, F.Zomer, LAL RT 09/28, SOLEIL/SOU-RA-2678, 2010
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Lyncean Technologies, Inc. Compact X-ray light source25 MeV acceleratorX-ray tuneable from a few keV up to 35 keVFits in a 10x25 ft roomClinical High Resolution Imaging SystemMicro-tomographyProtein crystallography
Hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging with the Compact Light Source based on inverse Compton X-rays, M. Bech, O. Bunk, C. David, R. Ruth, J. Rifkin, R. Loewen, R. Feidenhans'l and F. Pfeifferet al, J. Synchrotron Rad.(2009). 16, 43-47
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
R. Ruth, SLAC / Lyncean Technologies
THOMX – Compton source
X-ray energy 50-90 keV
Flux 1E11-1E13 ph/s
Ring energy 50 MeV
A.Variola, A.Loulergue, F.Zomer, LAL RT 09/28, SOLEIL/SOU-RA-2678, 2010
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
2678, 2010
� Scientific case
� Cultural heritage application
� Bio-Medical applications
� X-ray crystallography
Mono-Energetic Gamma-Ray (MEGa-Ray) Compton
light source (LLNL & SLAC)
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
F.V. Hartemann (LLNL) et al, ICFA FLS 2010
Nuclear resonance fluorescenceIsotopic sensitivity
Compton ring for nuclear waste management
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
E. Bulyak, J. Urakawa, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A (2010), doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.215
• Intense gamma-ray source• Gamma-ray energies in the range from 1 to 5 MeV.• Detect practically all of the isotopes present in nuclear waste, based on nuclear resonance fluorescence method –suitable for express nuclear waste management• Crab-crossing scheme helps to reach gamma-beam intensity of up to 5E13 γ/s
Laser Undulator Compact X-ray Source Facility (LUCX) at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF), KEK
50 MeV beam, trains with 100 bunches,
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
50 MeV beam, trains with 100 bunches, bunch spacing of 2.8 ns, a maximum total charge of 250 nCmulti-bunch electron linac mode-locked 1064 nm laser Flux 1.2E5 photons/sA first step toward “Quantum beam project”
Development of a compact X-ray source based on Compton scattering using a 1.3 GHz superconducting RF accelerating linac and a new laser storage cavity, J. Urakawa, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A (2010), doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.019
S-band linac-based X-ray source with p/2-mode electron linac, A. Deshpande, et al., Nucl. Instr. and
S-band linac-based X-ray source
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
electron linac, A. Deshpande, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A (2010), doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.023
KEK- SAMEER (India) collaboration
Side-coupled linac tube built at SAMEER, Society for Applied Microwave Electronic Engineering and Research (SAMEER), India
Aiming to develop a low-cost, high- performance tuneable X-ray source very useful for small research groups, small industry setups, and hospitals
Compact coherent Compton EUV source
� Extreme ultra-violet (EUV) lithography at λ=13.5nm – strongest candidate of the next generation processing of Large Scale Integration circuits
� FEL schemes are possible, but require ~GeV scale facilities
� Compact EUV source based on a laser Compton scattering between a 7
MeV micro-bunched electron beam and a high-intensity CO2 laser pulse
� Severe condition for the average current and the optical undulator length
may be eased by use of coherent effect, when the pre-bunched beam is
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
may be eased by use of coherent effect, when the pre-bunched beam is
applied to the laser Compton scheme
S. Kashiwagi et al. / Radiation Physics and Chemistry 78 (2009) 1112–1115
Compton X-ray source at Univ. of Tokyo
� X-rays 10–40 keV for medical science,
biology, and materials science
� Multi-bunch electron beam and a long-
pulse laser for higher flux
� Electron beam: 200 mA peak & 2 mA average
under 10 Hz operation, multi-bunch (104
bunches in 1 ms)
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
bunches in 1 ms)
� Laser: energy 1.4 J, duration 10 ns at a
wavelength of 532 nm.
� 30 MeV X-band (11.424 GHz) linac
� 3.5-cell thermionic cathode RF-gun
� Have demonstrated the 2MeV electron
beam generation from the RF-gun F. Sakamoto et al, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 608 (2009) S36–S40
PEGASUS @ UCLA
� Small university-size accelerator
(Photoelectron Generated Amplified Spontaneous Radiation Source)
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
� Small university-size accelerator� 1.6 cell S-band photocathode gun
� located in the sub-basement of Knudsen Hall in the UCLA Department of
Physics and Astronomy
� Research in ultrafast beams, advanced beam
manipulation and diagnostics techniques.
� Novel beam instrumentation, RF photo-injectors,
ultrafast relativistic electron diffraction
J.B. Rosenzweig, et al
PEGASUS @ UCLA
� Ultrafast relativistic electron diffraction
� Real time resolution of atomic motion
� Pulse length (100fs) comparable to time-scale of atomic
and molecular motion
� De Broglie wavelength λ = h/p ~ 0.3 pm (for e- @ 5 MeV)
� Ultra relativistic beam � easier to handle space charge, larger bunch population and shorter bunch
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
larger bunch population and shorter bunch
MeV electron diffraction from 200 nm Titanium foil
J.B. Rosenzweig, et al
PEGASUS @ UCLA� Ultrafast relativistic electron
diffraction
� Real time resolution of
atomic motion
� RF streak camera approach
� true single-shot structural
change studies
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
change studies
� Demonstration of sub 100fs
time resolution
� 5 fs time resolution possible
RF streak camera based ultrafast relativistic electron diffraction, P. Musumeci, et al, Rev. Sci. Instr. 80, 013302 2009
Time dependence of the position of the Al 111 Bragg diffraction peak for beam with energy chirp
Tsinghua Univ Thomson scattering X-ray source
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010Renkai Li, et al, Rev. Sci. Instr. 80, 083303 (2009)
Recently demonstrated single shot continuously time-resolved mode of operation for ultrafast electron diffraction
Soft X-ray or THz source based on
Coherent Diffraction Radiation
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
� Intensity depends on bunch population as N3
� No need of a laser in this scheme
A COMPACT SOFT X-RAY SOURCE BASED ON THOMSON SCATTERING OF COHERENT DIFFRACTION RADIATION, A. Aryshev et al, KEK, JAI, NPI Tomsk, Waseda Univ., PAC2010
LUCX facility at KEK
Key technology is
Compact (less than 10m) quasi-monochromatic(less than 1%)
High Flux ( 100 times than Compact normal Linac X-ray:1011 photons/sec 1% b.w.)
High Brightness(1017 photons/sec mrad2 mm2 0.1% b.w.)
Ultra-short pulse X-ray (40 fs ~)
Quantum beamproject Characteristic of proposed machine
SCRF acceleration technology
J. Urakawa, Quantum Beam Project
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
77
Structural Nano-material Highly fine genetic analysis, evaluation, X-ray Imaging
http://mml.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp/
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
J. Urakawa, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A (2010), doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.019
High-Intensity Compact X-ray Source
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010J. Urakawa, et al, Quantum Beam Project
High-Intensity Compact X-ray Source
technology Present status Target Key points
Electron source
300 nC/pulse
10,000nC/pulse(2008-2009)
48,000 nC/pulse(2010-2012)
Pulse laser, new photo-cathode, 1 msec pulse length
SC Cavity Pulse: 25 MV/mCW: 12 MV/m
Pulse: 30 MV/mCW: 20 MV/m
Non-defect and clean surface, Precise electron
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010J. Urakawa, et al, Quantum Beam Project
CW: 12 MV/m CW: 20 MV/m surface, Precise electron beam welding, High precision forming, Non-contamination material
Pulsed laser storage
0.5 mJ/pulse,Waist: 30 µµµµm
50 mJ/pulse,Waist: 8 µm
4-mirror optical cavity
Colliding control
µm beam orbit control
Sub- µm beam orbit control
minimizing environmental effect, Fast feedback control
Quantum beam Organization Quantum beam Organization & Responsibility& Responsibility
HitachiDC High Voltage Source
Hiroshima U.Laser storage
RF Gun
Committee for project evaluation
High stable HV PSHigh stable HV PSHigh stable HV PSHigh stable HV PS
High stable HV PSHigh stable HV PSHigh stable HV PSHigh stable HV PS
ToshibaCompact Klystron
Compact and reliable Multi-beam Klystron R&D
High power RFHigh power RFHigh power RFHigh power RF
Main InstituteKEK
SC RF Accelerator developmentSystem design, Operation, Performance
Measurement
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
U. of TokyoPhoto-cathodeInput coupler
JAEAJAEAJAEAJAEADC High Voltage PS
Photo-CathodeERL Electron Source Device
RF GunPhoto-cathode
Waseda U.Waseda U.Waseda U.Waseda U.X-ray detector
Laser Compton Exp.
Compact Accelerator
High Quality and Intensity e- source
Pulsed Laser StoragePulsed Laser StoragePulsed Laser StoragePulsed Laser Storage
MeasurementEducation for young sientists
ATF, STF
J. Urakawa, et al, Quantum Beam Project
SRF Compact Light Sources @ 4K
• Most existing SRF cavities require or benefit from 2K operation
– Too complex for a University or small institution-based accelerator
– Cryogenics is a strong cost driver for compact SRF linacs
• Spoke cavities can operate at lower frequency
– Lower frequency allows operation at 4K
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
– Lower frequency allows operation at 4K
– No sub-atmospheric cryogenic system
– Significant reduction in complexity
Jean DelayenCenter for Accelerator Science Old Dominion UniversityAnd Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
SRF Compact Light Sources @ 4K
RF amp RF amp RF amp
Superconducting RF photoinjectoroperating at 300 MHz and 4K
RF amplifiers
1 MeV
30 kW beam dump
30 MeV
Bunch compression chicane
Coherent enhancement cavity with Q=1000 giving 5 MW cavity power
5 kW cryo-cooled Yb:YAG drive laser
Inverse Compton scattering
X-ray beamline
Electron beam of ~1 mA average current at 10-30 MeV
MIT CUBIX proposal Multi -institutional
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
5 MW cavity power
8 m
SRF Linac Parameters
Energy gain [MeV] 25
RF frequency [MHz] 352
Average current [mA] 1
Operating temperature [K] 4.2
RF power [kW] 30
Multi -institutional collaboration
Jean Delayen Center for Accelerator Science Old Dominion University and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
W.S. Graves et al. / Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 608 (2009) S103–S105
Academia – Industry – Investor
puzzle
Front-end research aimed at fundamental scientific questions(often long term and not aimed at immediate results) Front-end research aimed at fundamental scientific questions(often long term and not aimed at immediate results)
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Planning for commercially ready devices in foreseeable near futurePlanning for commercially ready devices in foreseeable near future
Optimization of investment portfolio versus risk/return factorsOptimization of investment portfolio versus risk/return factors
Application of Laser Plasma Wakefield Accelerators for
(I) generation of radiation in an undulator and (II) a FEL driven by a LPWA;
up to 100 GeV/m accelerating
gradients
Ultra compact Laser – Plasma light sources
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
In 2009-10 has developed OPALS proposal -- could constitute a very high peak brightness soft x-rays facility that could be operated flexibly to respond quickly to
new ideas and opportunities in the field.
The L-P r&d may be a larger opportunity for the JAI and for the entire UK acc. science community with high potential for engagement of UK industrywith high potential for engagement of UK industry
Likely near-term parametersEnergy: few GeV∆E: ~1%σx ~ 5 µmσ/
x ~ 1 mradBunch duration: ~ 10 fsBunch charge: 10-100 pCRepetition rate: few Hz
W. P. Leemans, S. M. Hooker, et al, Nature Physics 2, 696 - 699 (2006)
Basis for stronger UK collaboration
and coordination in Laser-Plasma
� Significant R&D efforts
� Central Laser Facility
� Strathclyde efforts
� Imperial College
� Oxford
� ...
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
� ...
� Opportunities to bring-in relevant expertise from
� Laser physics
� Accelerator physics
� Expertise built-up via design & operation of Diamond, Alice,
design of NLS
�� Possibilities for stronger engagement with industrial Possibilities for stronger engagement with industrial
partnerspartners
Industry & Innovations
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Industry & Innovations
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
�� JAI, and the entire UK accelerator science community, should find JAI, and the entire UK accelerator science community, should find
the ways that optimizes the path to innovations via patents, the ways that optimizes the path to innovations via patents,
licensing and spinlicensing and spin--outs, while minimising the obstacles for outs, while minimising the obstacles for
collaborative research work, which is a strength of academic and collaborative research work, which is a strength of academic and
national lab research approachnational lab research approach
Laser-beam expertise
Laser-beam expertise
SC-RFexpertiseSC-RFexpertise
Coherentradiation
expertise
Coherentradiation
expertise
Laser –plasmaexpertise
Laser –plasmaexpertise
BrightestCompton BrightestCompton
ThomsonCDR
ThomsonCDR
Laser-plasma
Laser-plasma
ComptonX-rayComptonX-ray
Laser-beam expertise
SC-RFexpertise
Coherentradiation
expertise
Laser –plasmaexpertise
BrightestCompton
ThomsonCDR
Laser-plasma
ComptonX-ray
A possible solution
Academia – Industry – Investor
puzzle
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Compton x-ray src.
Compton x-ray src.
CDRx-ray source
CDRx-ray source
High risk
high return
High risk
high return
Moderate risk
Moderate risk
Compact XFELCompact XFEL
LowriskLowrisk
Lowest riskLowest risk
X-raysource X-raysource
Compton x-ray src.
CDRx-ray source
High risk
high return
Moderate risk
Compact XFEL
Lowrisk
Lowest risk
X-raysource
Coherent efforts of Accelerator Science Institutes, centres in National Labs, and industry is essential
Accelerator Science Lab
� Research & training area
� Synergy of Accelerator Laser and Plasma
� Laser plasma accelerator
� Aimed to create ~0.5GeV e-beam & FEL
� Short electron linac
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
� Short electron linac
� For Compton and CDR source and e-diffraction
� The facility will be aimed at modern accelerator
physics to the areas of high industrial impact of
accelerator science
Accelerator Science Lab
� Electron accelerator & part Hardware from LIL (LEP Injector
Linac) for JAI teaching/research accelerator – suggested by
Emmanuel Tsesmelis (CERN)
� Develop detailed design for LIL hardware with Emmanuel Tsesmelis
and Louis Rinolfi
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
� Team developing the proposal:
Riccardo Bartolini, Grahame Blair, Stewart Boogert, Nicolas Bourgeois, Laura Corner, George Doucas, Simon Hooker, Pavel Karataev, Wing Lau, Peter Lau, Alexey Lyapin, Stephen Molloy, Armin Reichold, Andrei Seryi, Roman Walczak, Stephanie Yang (JAI), Emmanuel Tsesmelis, Louis Rinolfi (CERN), et al (please join the design efforts)
Accelerator Science Lab
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Tentative layout� Staged configuration of the Accelerator Science Lab
� electron
� Starting configuration: LIL e-gun plus buncher, 4.5MeV electron beam;
� Upgrade-1: 1m long structure, about 15MeV beam
� Upgrade-2: add LIL-native 4.5m long structure, giving about 50MeV beam
� laser-plasma
� Partial use of laser equipment from Clarendon lab
� Further upgrade of laser power, undulator, beam up to 1 GeV
Accelerator Science Lab
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
Tentative layout� Training and research facility
� Variety of accelerator science research opportunities
� Possibilities for inter-disciplinary research
� Bridge connecting academic research with industry
Summary� Accelerator Science: key for discoveries in high energy physics
� Crucial source for many advances in biology, medicine, solid state
physics, future energy production, and various other fields
� Interdisciplinary research on the boundaries of accelerator, laser,
and plasma physics may revolutionize the entire landscape
� Training of future accelerator scientists is crucial to ensure
continuing progress in the field
A. Seryi, 9th Nov 2010
continuing progress in the field
� Research and training in the area of accelerator-laser-plasma give
variety of science opportunities, possibilities for inter-disciplinary
research & enhance connection of academic research with industry
� Dynamic research and training programme in accelerator science, at
the forefront of national and international arena, is the aim of JAI
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