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Mobilization of Resources Mobilization of Resources
for Disaster Mitigation, Preparedness for Disaster Mitigation, Preparedness
and Responseand Response
A Special Case!A Special Case!
Why a Special Case?Why a Special Case?
Sources of financing are different
Why a Special Case?Why a Special Case?
Procedures are also different
Different Sources of FinancingDifferent Sources of Financing
• Ministries of Foreign Affairs
• Offices of humanitarian assistance
• or other specialized channels
Different Sources of Financing Different Sources of Financing
• Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA/USAID)
– Used to be the single source for emergency assistance and support for prevention/Mitigation/Preparedness (PMP)
– A core donor for PAHO: Member of the PHP
United StatesUnited States
USAUSA
• Now the US Southern Command (SouthCom) has become a major source of funding and support for preparedness and relief.
• Coordination with OFDA ?
CanadaCanada
• IHA: International Humanitarian Assistance
Different Sources of Financing:Different Sources of Financing:
– Part of CIDA’s multilateral branch … Part of CIDA’s multilateral branch …
it cannot give funds bilaterally to countries! it cannot give funds bilaterally to countries!
– Covers disaster prevention to response Covers disaster prevention to response
– A core donor for PAHO: Member of the PHPA core donor for PAHO: Member of the PHP
UK: DFID/CHADUK: DFID/CHAD
• CHAD is a specialized branch for refugees, IDP and emergencies of the Department for International Development
• A core donor of PAHO: Member of the PHP
European UnionEuropean Union• ECHO: European Community Humanitarian Office
Different Sources of Financing:Different Sources of Financing:
– A budget of US$ 0.8 billion! A budget of US$ 0.8 billion!
– Requires the signature of a formal Requires the signature of a formal “Partnership Agreement” with ECHO“Partnership Agreement” with ECHO
– Preference given to European NGOsPreference given to European NGOs
• Managing ECHO’s funds at country level requires an efficient organization-wide financial monitoring system.
ECHO
E U
ECU
Other examplesOther examples
– A Secretariat for Humanitarian Affairs
– A humanitarian office in Foreign Affairs
– The Department of Cooperation for projects on
mitigation and preparedness
Different Sources of Financing:Different Sources of Financing:
FranceFrance: :
What is the relevance of having What is the relevance of having different sources of financing? different sources of financing?
• These funds are not available for other health priorities
Different ProceduresDifferent Procedures
• Fortunately, procedures for obtaining funds from these sources are much easier!
– In most cases, there is a free format (ECHO used to be the only exception)
– Increasingly, LFA is required for preparedness projects, but rarely for emergency assistance projects.
Different Procedures:Different Procedures:
• The Emergency procedure is informal (a 2 page fax can bring a commitment of half a million dollars)
• In cases of emergency:
– immediate request immediate request (within 24 hours!)(within 24 hours!)– speedy execution speedy execution (average: 3 months)(average: 3 months)
How can funds be mobilized in How can funds be mobilized in times of emergency? times of emergency?
• International appeals
• Bilateral requests
Channels for International AppealsChannels for International Appeals
Appeals by OCHA
• The Situation Reports of OCHA offer the most The Situation Reports of OCHA offer the most convenient, speedy and complete approach;convenient, speedy and complete approach;
•PAHO/WHO is PAHO/WHO is responsibleresponsible for the health content for the health content in OCHA situation reports.in OCHA situation reports.
• enjoys high credibility abroad;
• reaches a smaller but selective number of donors;
• requires rapid and coordinated action at all levels
Channels for International Appeals:Channels for International Appeals:
Appeals by PAHO:Appeals by PAHO:
• WHO submits the request through the missions in Geneva.
Channels for International AppealsChannels for International Appeals
Appeals by WHO (EHA or EMC):Appeals by WHO (EHA or EMC):
International AppealsInternational Appeals
The U.N. “consolidated appeal”:
A trend encouraged by the donors
Direct Bilateral RequestDirect Bilateral Request
• Requires more work initially, but reduces inappropriate or duplicative assistance
– separate requests to each of the donors are preferred
– a common diagnosis on the health situation (Ministry, PAHO, NGOs) is helpful...
• Embassies are coordinating within the country:
• The embassy and the humanitarian office in the donor country’s capital city also talk together:
• Donors trust is built by:– pre-disaster technical collaboration with
Foreign Affairs – Convening donors meetings
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
• The international community did not fully participate in its evaluation
• Official reports did not differentiate between damages and emergency requirements
Cuba (Hurricane Lily)
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
Donors did not wait
Requests sent one week after the impact arrived too late !
Nicaragua (Hurricane)
Factors of successFactors of success
• The nature of the disaster and the # of deaths
• the coverage of Mass Media
• The political status of the bilateral relation
• The occurrence of other disaster worldwide
The main ingredientsThe main ingredients
• SPEED
• SPEED
• SPEED
Conclusions:Conclusions:
• More administrative flexibility is required from PAHO and the Countries. It is essential to maintain or strengthen our dexterity and speed in the search for “humanitarian” funds.
Turbo-PAHOTurbo-PAHO
• SPEEDY REQUEST BUT NOT TOO MUCH!
• THE CASE OF NICARAGUA
ConclusionsConclusions
Decentralization by the donors imposes a closer coordination between MoH, Foreign Affairs and PAHO/WHO
Conclusions:Conclusions:
Speed AND Coordination are the keywords in the mobilization of humanitarian
funds
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