Mmttx of $fitIos;op(ip · SOMEEMrNENT PROSE WRITERS OF SPAtN DURING THE 4th AND 5th CENTURIES A. H....

SOMEEMrNENT PROSE WRITERS OF SPAtN DURING THE 4th AND 5th CENTURIES A. H.

Abu Uumar Uthman Bin Sayeed Al-Oani Abu Marwan Hayyan Bin Khalaf Bin Husain Bin Hayyan

Abu! Hasan All Bin Ismail Abdur Rahman Bin Mohammad

DISSERTATION SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF

Mmttx of $fitIos;op(ip IN

Arabic Literature

BY

MUHIUDDIN SAJID

Under the Supervision of

Dr. Mohammad Zahoorul Haq (Reader)

DEPARTMENT OF ARABIC ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY

ALIGARH (INDIA)

1990

J^iri>;mXcgT ^CJr) '>Xj-«» CitV O W ex)' C^jW c>)

i)^\^6:^Sc^ <^^>->^tX^1i

JS>^ ««

\930

IIINIII vBxne

l' L c>jau f

6^uk>c

it"^ ;

<L^y^

^»> \ /

^r-;9 19 ri ^>*^

C'A

0'

o< <J>9

^ / / ^ A - ^

^>"/>_V ^iJJI^J^l^

(lAjfy-^l^ (i/^y^j^^

Jo^Je. iZjAj.^^

pd^J^ly^^J^fjM ^^j. /

I

1^ -•

A / \ . ^

J'

•—*^L»-i

^ ' -^^l^^'.WOli.^^

\ M A - \ M < ^

0^ j^hl/^f^^y- '..z^ - -jiJ^ JUA^W-^JJ-W (^y/^

*iKj», £.iacjLi cX-opq ecJLja "sJ ^tiLaJvA, ^ VaLM*v>4. "QL f*°>^f€. A S *^

r

r*

O^j^y-r^C^y^j^^ L.^^f/^yf:^jyf^ (J^^L^XllC^^ ^i-Cfi

< * ^

6

' ' ' "' ^

/^

r-M • ' ( S ' ' ^ y ^ l ^ r ^ l ^ ' . 2 > <-'

« '- " ^ f .

4

A KUL'O'^VJO4 Ji^ouv^:»c-iiPOLXi-*.*' ( i V J a U L . . R . K "Sf €m-ii>.3iLa*v^"

• U i U " ^ rT' ^ - ' * ^ vv\0Qri 'i>v tipoM^ i j Ven.6 j o f t e

6/w L z:; L ' Gr^ J d / ^ cJtr > 'u: J ^ 'cJ ^

t

K I

A

Oi^if^ ^)>i^xcLi >^^i-±^j (Xc^-c^'/^f^v v:;j ^^^^^ c^^,k^/OJ'i<zS^^J> (Jits'OP ^^yo^l^^jd^ri ^U^du^u^O:

^ ^ - • ^ ^ 11 1' ^^/ij-ryi::^ <^d/:di^^''^^'^/j^,u^^ -/^

• / / , . . • , - ' ' '

^

'Ll^i^^=^[S,&^~^r^'^j>^^'^ ^ '0^' (iz-c-^ U . 6'/;

/yy^

uro^ (^(^cLi^ or/Or cyn^vc/t^;vl>/ '^ u > <• y Oh>'. £_ C^^IM^I^' <^ '' (/'°i v'L?r u:'"'-^ (S^i u^l}/^:

o* 'jLUhijl'i^Mj

J^U^

Jo: I

,uw .- \

Oh^ (j'vyW l l ' u ; ^ ^ ^/'''^^^Jj;^i^^''> 1 o^crvVX

"ur ^>"

1^.- *

Y

C^yJU^jU^ If' Cj* ^r'^'t"

^ -' -' (yd-^ /^^V-'^ ^ -^-^ «=^::^:^ cTcri-"/ i L ^ ^ y ^

" 'c ( /^ (J- ^ cr^zJ^y'' ^J 'ts:^ u^ i ^^ •

. ^ -^ • • . . . . - • ^

j j^^ CJ j ' • IJ Ut>{-^/ ^JVV^ r; /* ^0 ' d'* (-V

^

\XL^h^ 6^ ^j^ '^>' ^OMI /I .ZJJ^ ^ ^ err. b O ^ oi>/

ijf ct'> l ' j > > [ L^ O^"^ _y/^z_ ( ^ IJ^^

_>. U (^ L^lsC joz.ji/(p^i^ L'(s: 'L urcf' i r^^^^ ^ f/o^

^

A

i 5 ^ (^(5-^ Ji /y ij'l5^ 0>/: ;/-!^'y^

d

-i/'f'-

' 'BVib CX-YV^VDJL Cook p lace OK a VMe^^^^^^'^iKjc.

II

- / . _ ^ . ^ '^ . . .

r«56i/ 12 _ J ; ' ^

^ ? " / I « ' ' - v . - • - •

c^A-V>^ ">^^^ >' ^^^^^^^^<^> '-- ' ^

v X l V ^

VC^ if \ c ^ ^ ^

11

iii(/f ht_^' v><uf i> J^-- ^ii> -l^or^ dj—^

t / ^ V i^-^*^ idL^j '\\i>}-A^L1L,J^X\^ I OyO^^ijk

Ut/^Dr-^ V^ f y / ^^^^^^ (J^/'^-ri- Zl/ty-yf^^

\o

<= i!L ^ - y cL/> Z_UI ^ ZA t,

1 ( f '^ (•

r'

( • - " I " •

NV

JJzlr^ f-; iu (/y u"'>u/ J t I

\A

teciMCcl wiVv lovcu-y \OM oJL-vicxJUdl ikeoiXiciol 'vec£i>UoiaSj W-ol

HiAlovvj oi iKe v\>aJt«, Pi>*JUi>.K. HiTTr M^H

wj*w

<-<f'':>j'V«^>' <r4jO

n

vr

( " r '"

. . < ^ L- ^ ^ ' * . j > -^^ - ^ r I <^ )>^ ^ "

K(* cT r ly^Vvi^ ci'^01''' c

^ / . . y . .. . .^ y.

cV iJ fjj^i'^^.' V (7y-> I_!,}^yer tjt^'.oti ^oiL--;./;^ rv t'

l^/Ur<i-1.^ V- O"' t/j 'y ' 'J (i gO: yl^[y^. ' (^:

I

L U <:-Lr/u; U"' / ,^ (jTvL ^ ^ <LLr^utf..i^!'ci> Or^^ 6^^ JJ^*

•r Ut' 'r Jy cf Jr (o>y'/ Or />^>^ t ^ ^ j^^^i .!>> .-

Vv

- /i- ft

> >o/>'/:U/Cy \}p\3}<L. o>>- (^<L(- <i ^ d^Uv'r-^cf ^ ^y

" ^ • •

. Z ^lySt^'i^ ^ L^cfy 'A Z_y^>

\r< :f j AtT' ' '"

V"-

d

f^ uy^^-!>>:'c - !/>JLr u^i> i5>-^

« i ^

( ; ( V Vy o / ,

Y^r

iSj—^j

^ ^ • , ** ^ ^ #s

v ^

^/D(}U^J?*'jJ'^i*l$jir;^^l i.X^ if (SyJjyAjf'j^^.y: (S^/''^^Jj>/^

cXV <' '''' *^

v^c^

I

uerte liJU^c) IAJUK, •qr^cJlfi^vcM cX \A\\>e. CUVCD\ c Jo l e a c W i W -

^'^jLr'CtUbKv. 0»\e o j IkiL Vi^it (Xvwcma Uvobe Wa/i» TWe f'Yodlolwv--

"UvjIL VULe. Q J L - \<])voiJUltk Ci i - Ma^i-Y \X -T3i\-iA.VUAVA^ U v e

l\lQXjur PoiiL'oiT. Ikoi^'U; kaol ^venr t ^ j U ^ e -t. ^

a>. N\eAAS oJL UML LOOO V.€_-YC1. VO v^vjcXv'VVve E(x/ii.€,v-i^ C-s>4A.t>Vvai e

el "3Ke kl.iCo^4 «4 v/ TCxb^ PVuljD K- HuAx Meuj U Q ^ Sl-^j

cx ^r (^^'t?"^^ "^

w

K<. : r /i>-'&t'

lA^ : r /i^'j,yL" ci

\y

-1/

>^^o^y l> c/"' UjA °V' - ^ (j-1 If ivC/y >(^Lr^<iv^

/

" ci

- / l i e

^r

** * / j ^ ^ ^ ^

f'-r _i/'^e:

1 1

\qr : r

^ 6

(^JI/'AlCz^J'lSyi..^^^jJ^,J^k:^LlL rj:'^^ij}

I

^c^'V -'^'^'

" T " •

:^^ <il-^5JlX:^

< u1

'<ir :rj' c;?^^-->^> Q>^

•. \' -^ Y

4^v

ii > I •_ . • n I- r -.1 ~ I - l i b 0^

.^^j

Y,. • r fj^f't^'Jf/

^ A

^ ij^^"'Wv^'W'/^' ^^d>^L^'>^ ^'<d__Lr/ur pfi^

j^^^/^f^^^^.^/^'^ U: '^>(5^( :^ ' ci_(;t>-/ " f - - ^^^^^

\\\ -. V" .fj-^l^A'

4L^

^ji^/j^hijf- c^l/^u^ o^4<^a^A/J^>^ c -bT/ir ,

r '- < ' r

^

cT

0^ ( ' ^ * ^^ ^ "^ >

X\c> : r f i - l j^^r f

<^Y

6r

6 e

^L.jK'Oy^U:

_ _ „ J

XYK \r (o^if^X <z!.

<i6

JQ'^/' ^L-^ ^i:liy\ - D ^ ^ ^ Uy t ^ :^ -^j jj ^ CTJ^>X ^^f{} -

crs

%%

av

\ . : • - - '

C^A

• ". /

(i=\

S>A--NdJ£^r^N

V^> J^U^M^^^ ^%^'/^^^'' Oi j AO?^- U i J ( ^ ; ^ >

Ml

^y'^(±f//, "j^/lOvDO'^ (i-y-^ ^V^'^^'a-^/-^M-^/.^

j^yfjv (SAf ^^zj'h'Y"' ^'^v^' *'*>' —b r/* I'" . - U* i / \ ; -v''

(/i^ t " A / O T . ^ ijVc/i^/^^_>^ ^ t/ '. ' '' -^/^ <^Ur L-:-/

^

,r

Mr

f'^k I

o

JflJ^

^'Jy^jL^ ^L lj)jji^

MC

y> (jj^'^ L aOk '/ ' J-iJ'LT jL-. a ^cr^ fc>e cr/

M ^

~ I I I . - - 1 , . ,_.. . , ~- - . — - • • . • . • - • • — ^

(4A : f 6^'~^'>J't'^' ^

Y'K- ^;'Ury CL

MM

/

l^^ ^ '^^'r^ ^K})/-.

^ l/^U> 6/iS(5''yOy {^/(^^^lyoJL/Ufl^ iC^l/OlJil^

M<

r^fl : I ^ J U ' ^ I

4/\

^ i .dr' { t ^_2^,„if^iS/(nJ^ >^jy'y^'J-i>

/>Cr<;

f K O C>

l ^ ^

C / ^

cJ

ci:

.^->^^a>t.

»

j^rVtcir* cI

HI

* - I II • • I I • I I I

iS/u6j^Lf'lj^ - i^y- u:^/:^^f^is^/> cj- '^J^- .>> urfa. \:J

<\

.^/•^/;rf/^ LT- ^ J'^ i X l k[^J Dx' '/ I

< \ -

. ;> j - - s ^ y ^ cTr^^:^ o^^ jiiii:::! c i > - y ^

(5<Gff J i uV.iJ:. (/^(^.c^i- ary^(54"' ^.(:^/c^c/^^-(A-'

< t a

^ . a .

' cl

r^^ \3y^ "--

fJ>J^

CAJ ^l^i^lsiJi^V'

<M

(J^/>^' ^iyo./^>c5:^(i '//yrvr:^A^<i->^ iilOL:,.j^L<Cl(jf'k.

ui>;; %^ r ^ (jr (5^1x " / i ^ ^

«

^ . . y

ri*?: I UUi;'^::^l^.»

IP,

J^^s^

t^ c?>^< I

I

. . . . / • Mf>^)tr

/

/ c!

AV

/pf'cir' [^y*

^ r

^ I

_i

^<

el' "-^ . " . " , ' '

n - -, . - ( •

/\cS

i

^ M

/ ,- -

/•,o- (

Oy c- A - ' (^'^'-'^ / ' ' ' i -^r^

^{•^n^ (j.^-

• r P L ^ I O ' ' - . - - ' > ' ' - ' - ' " ^

1

cJ"

^

V

- ( ' •

. iy:eL \f> L ^ V V / ' ^ (5^ O^yV

' '1 -J 1 1 - 1

f c!-

r^-:'''.

l Ju;U-'x?Zr,Jji:l

^i^tl^i^

^t-<-v

UA vvf' '. \Y j:^>tJ • A.J/'/"

^v^ J:,;LJ >r^ >.y '^ ci ' cT

cB

^

^•^ - x},/j\^\ l, ur^^) J ^ > ' i_ru-/'V:i<V^Lr'' - lJ%

• ; J : • ' • » ^ 1 -

cT

^ . ^^^i>(>>^ * \>t-L/r ? tCV/o^^

SI

(jr^'t/Lryacf^L;/^! riq </ ^ ' ; : ^

°\r

I

V

£_ ( «

^MM

<^^

<j>

r

£>

cT

v^i '.V oli-"oL;(>^o/;y oL.;

^ M

.V

c^

,\X

ci:

^

-o

( -r ! I n l y i-U cI

//

r /

<A-r •• I ^HJI ^ if

// c^

<J

/•/• / ^ // cir

/ / // /y

If

s<

/A

Y L T r^-^'' — L "

^'^

)•

.L

\'y

; > - -

J ' • 7 -

vr

) ' ^

. L}?/^<('^ UI - a_ L" (iTz-^i^ i ^ . ^ J ; L ^ 0^>^— ':/($>

)'Cs

>

zrf ' i>" h • {•

)-H

0^-/,._ '.: LJH5^> '^^_>l^ :'^t> >/- ' _ > H / V-^l-l- ' CT

:'• I / J -

.?^ IJ ^ ' ^ iL'-U^-^iJ^-

' • <

1' • (• • : ' , • ' -

L / . ^ • 'i

C ^ ' - ^ '

^:'>[y^>;iji/>;>^(J^' . y >.

. .- (<}li (/^'_>^..::>^ l /OV. ^ ^ . ^ i : y.'- . - <i_ ^^f^

O'l-^rflvf (J d i . ( j ^ ^ 'J^uTi/LMr' >< r>^ -- ^^-^"Cf

I . . > .

/ ^ ( i ; / • ' ,'^.y,-y-^,,/ \'\„',. .-•' . { ! ' - ' ." »'-' (, '"

r /"y .T

n)

N^r

" /

C3'

&,

I I ,

^ c - ^ < ^ ^ cT^i-^U-(^J^Ji XSl^j^{f< (5=* -" ^ cr"/ x-

^^L^

^^' 4.£'-i^L tJi i> '^^''4. ^ i-'^i;Lfi'4 4ir :_.

^ >y' (J cJ . > > ^ i ^ '- o iL. ii^ ^^j,^

Ild^

J U^-J*

^ ^ ( i ^ ' c_'

L- r L A : ._->- ^cL^L/'>r' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - ' ' ^ ' ^ ' ^ '

ic

<^ ^ , I- LT (^\ <

.^'

. iT a ^ ' ^

MS

^ ' A - ' r( 9 ^ r r i •• r J'/J'ulO:^^

("Vfj^

• Of I./A

MV6 : f Cy/;^^f ( j / 0 ; ! ) ' 6 i ' c_

^y]

err;/1 jf 1} (/rf-'x (j 'r '^^^A-1^ i:^o^o'j{fy>/-^ f<^u^JL^

)YY

f-yji u ' L ilnrara^^ i rT >^ ^>;f

^^, ,.Cl.. iTJr l l / > > i/'-- J^Kj/^-0>y>^iytH

_li u'-(V^^'>-^^^'t/

]Yc^

/ •L / >;;>^^(^a(>^^^^ ; ^ ^ ^ l > : ^ cfcJf/- fe^'i'/*- cT^Jr-

-6'

• , I ''' • r f '''

)y<

tj 6/o'O"-'- '("^'. i^ t/-'''L/'<LrJ"<i^ I <^ j f -cT ' (Ji f-v>i.5^pyi*U,y f£^ (jV.-U '(5;!/ (JT'. (X'(5'—^V_^ U L"

1 y^

\x ,j--^';'>hc- *e_^c|A(;^_^>'tl'j_/^'-ij;4i , j;'cl

L.

]y'

J)

• >

' - . . . •'

n

^

\ vy

Nrf

^ - ^ ' - (•' • • • /

«

r-

^ / L , L^sJ^jj^; KJ>/J V ^ a ' ^ (J > 6 '-^^^ C/> 15-/ .(:> '

/

't/^^A-'^iLI

)y^

^ k

)>^<

j^^d^.^i ^ttr C.PLT*^ ;' ^^^^ ^uliyrlJ^/)> \ j

^ *• >

^ y / '" y>

>f'

^ > " ^

c>

)y'°)

J

f

__^yJ' Z^'j^^

)c -

.^y-^j'^'w-

(L-

/ - - • <

\v<^

'

•^-V - , . . X

6

\^r

^^hi-,>^ >,:: lu^ / a-L' i)^ij^u:/c/i^n/L/uu^^

d ' ur^iJ' /LX>'L f'yl^ ;<iv' < LT^- L f f^y'^ -'./: 0 >;/^

w^

Ic'M

-^i_^/;:tl

yp^K, '^^j} 'j^fj^:, iy^ fj>"^'i_.i.w- J:_>/:::C K'^L^ LJ"

) ^ <

, <^.'

[ft^^ J ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^ L^^^d'^(fi<^ -!> t--^-^ 0 i <ir/c) L

• I

)(^A

^ JJl^

0!rri^Ui(y--^Jb'/^y:;vW<^>^^^ ^> /- '->:.>^'c5>'0[v;:-

)c^^

ejSAyi^iSi u

X

. jj ' X - ^^ c>''' ljj>>i^^

_ > ^ LT^-^'V' J^^^ OLiJ'^'x' ''•" (/*> ^ / ^

irA f ' C J & ^ ) I

J, ;yr ; iii.. J ' ^ (J (5J> l i t

&> . A ^

\<^Y

i. ', • i , , IJ. I ' x>,i^-j I, ""/-(^I.'' '

'- '*? -' r.'

" (.9*'6^\jt^'

; 'y. ; ; ;^ i i i ' *

^ ' . : : • . • ' , > ' >

O.V'^ r ' J

V ;

tk

V.6 :^ii!)^ju:t\ji^Mdu I

)A>*"

<^ - / .

^f.s

- ' ' ' / "

U'r

• j > \:J

f,'- r-^-'

- . £._. - / ^M j ' fS , . J . ' A ' > / ' • '

» n\ •• r 0v ; (//' -xr/r^i _.'. i" g > (.

f'^J^

)<^('

' • ^l^-l.^.L.^''-^

• ' - f r ( I , ! > ' / ; i . ' , ( ! • •

. / L-

- • '"r^^^ I

/.^/.i:.>,

^. i

v^'Lr6/^ur<'-vM

I ! • ' I : . . ' 1 f •••

•J - - > •> v_y

,/ LL...^! L

' < / < ' ' .

'.' i . C -I -

/ • - • • ( > •

X -.

J - ' • { ~ -

r O . V " ^ - ' ' : ^ - ' ^ ' " ^ - - t : - - ' - - U : ' ' . - ' ' - ' - - - ^ • • ' • • • -

I. i

• -J^' .>:

• [ ^

A/ y

U' ;r-

. I , •) 1 .• ' . »

;-' ' ' • J/' : -i_. ' X " I

;. 1

f ^

( •

< ' 1

jA<a

I r f ' •

I

)

)AV^

\i^L

tCJ'oA'- -"

)AA

\Mr.r'—a/;jil-'>yi> j

M •• t' (J^'i" cI

^6-^

y

' <" >^ ^ * . - ( . ^

^H /y C_'

or » > • iJ-)^^ 6r S0i/:O>^. iL .z>-^M

ris: (i> ' ^

i.Hi .r i;y/y>^ -

m

HV\' : \^ J'WjlJ*^ ci* ^ ^AC / j--VIi'o LL»^/l* ci

)Mr

j i ^ l U f ILT J>l5^i^L^Ji/^ ( j ^ ' ' J v ^ ' ~ ^ ^ / CO

)Mr

_n ^L— / y:>(3 6 j ^ < 1 ^ L^}

}

cS

v : li. > )p ' fi>*' yC c:^

^Mr*

// ^ cl

\MCk

1.LL/ % • «

^ — - l A x i J l - t '

1 IAAV-

\M^

c^'^Al -ZJ^^

^U^^Uo,_J ,^ - ^ < . ^ V , ^ . - o - ^ ^ ^ u ^ ^ . , _ , ..

, j " U ! 6VJ—(>,U,v ,._^i . „,

- ^

t ' v

- '-c'

t ' l l ^

> l ^ - " ^^^,\^^),_ rK-r

\H/\

.Jirj>jl' ^

/?<r- ^y^l^,^^ ^ ^ . <r,> ,*,_//.

(J/^'-Z-