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Miocene Hominoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103
General Features / Trends of Apes / HumansGeneral Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
3. True apes that brachiated probablyoriginated in the Early Miocene
ca. 20 – 17 mya
General Features / Trends of Apes / HumansGeneral Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
“Only after the evolution of arboreal suspension . . . would the modern meaning of the term ape have been applicable.”
Campbell-Loy, p. 195
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
General Features / Trends of Apes / HumansGeneral Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
Apes flourished in the
later part of the Mioceneca. 15 – 5 mya
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103
General Features / Trends of Apes / HumansGeneral Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
Well represented in the fossil record by such forms as:
Sivapithecus . . . Ramapithecus Kenyapithecus Ouranopithecus
DryopithecusProconsulOreopithecusGigantopithecus
General Features / Trends of Apes / HumansGeneral Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
Rudapithecus
PasalarNyanzapithecusAfropithecusTurkanopithecusRangwapithecus
and others
Miocene hominoid distribution, from fossils thus far discovered
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 197
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
Proconsul africanus (from early Miocene)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 197
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 188
Proconsul
Proconsul
Proconsul
Proconsul
Prehistoric HominoideaPrehistoric Hominoidea
Proconsul(Miocene “dental ape”)
Oreopithecus
Miocene hominoids:
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185
Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 42
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 187
Oreopithecus (Miocene Ape)
Prehistoric HominoideaPrehistoric Hominoidea
Proconsul(Miocene “dental ape”)
OreopithecusPliopithecus
Miocene hominoids:
Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 41
Primates des Faluns de Touraine
Prehistoric HominoideaPrehistoric Hominoidea
Proconsul(Miocene “dental ape”)
OreopithecusPliopithecusDryopithecus
Miocene hominoids:
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185
Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 42
Prehistoric PrimatesPrehistoric Primates
“Dryopithecus – Y”
“Y – 5”
“Y-5” and “+-4” patterns
“Y-5” patterns
Prehistoric HominoideaPrehistoric Hominoidea
Proconsul(Miocene “dental ape”)
OreopithecusPliopithecusDryopithecusSivapithecus
Miocene hominoids:
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
Prehistoric PrimatesPrehistoric Primates
Sivapithecus Ramapithecus
Kenyapithecus
Ouranopithecus
SpeciesGenus
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185
Modern chimpanzee Sivapithecus Orangutan
ca. 8 mya
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 198
Prehistoric PrimatesPrehistoric Primates
Sivapithecus ramapithecus
SpeciesGenus
Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 42
Ramapithecines
Prehistoric CulturesPrehistoric Cultures
• insectivorous (insects)
• herbivorous (plants)
– frugivorous (fruits)
– graminivorous (grasses)
Diet classifications:
• carnivorous (chiefly meats)
• omnivorous (all of the above)
Prehistoric HominoideaPrehistoric Hominoidea
Proconsul(Miocene “dental ape”)
OreopithecusPliopithecusDryopithecusSivapithecusGigantopithecus
Miocene hominoids:
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 188
Pongids:”The Great Apes”
Next: The Great Apes
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
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