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MINERALS & ROCKS
Let’s explore more together
Vocabulary review
Terms
◦ Mineral
◦ Luster
Definitions
◦ Natural, nonliving solid crystals that
make up rocks
◦ Think of it as a shine
Terms
◦ Sediment
◦ Sedimentary rock
Definitions
◦ These are the materials that settle
to the bottom of oceans, rivers,
and lakes
◦ A type of rock that forms when
sediments are pressed together
and then harden over time
Terms
◦ Igneous rock
◦ Metamorphic rock
Definitions
◦ These rocks form when molten
(partially melted) rocks cool and
harden
◦ These rocks form when
tremendous pressure and heat
change other rocks
Which vocabulary term would best match each picture?
Picture A Picture B
Picture C Picture D
Picture E Picture F
Interesting cave art formations
Luray Caverns
◦ Stalagmites – these structures rise
from the floor of a cave and are
formed of calcium salts left by
dripping water
◦ Stalactites – these structures hang
like an icicle from the roof of a
cave and are formed the same
way as stalagmites
All rocks are made of minerals
◦ If all rocks are made of
minerals, why are rocks
different from each other?
◦ They are made of different
combinations of minerals.
Let’s try another question
◦ Why would a grain of quartz
from one area be exactly
the same as a grain of
quartz from another area?
◦ Quartz is a mineral, and all
grains of quartz have the
same chemical properties.
Gemstones vs. rocks vs. minerals
Gemstones
◦ A gemstone is usually a mineral, but it
is one that has formed crystals and
then been cut and polished
professionally to be made into a piece
of jewelry.
Rocks
◦ Rocks are made from minerals and
can come in every size: They can be
tiny pebbles or mountains big enough
on which to climb or drive. Rocks do
not have a special chemical or
mineral makeup.
Minerals
◦ Minerals are crystals that make up
different types of rocks and
gemstones. There are more than 4,000
minerals that are formed naturally
within the earth, and each one has a
specific crystal structure.
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