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Basic Needs Of Human
Food
Shelter
Air
Water
To breathe
To protect from• danger• extreme weather• sun & rain
Give energyGrow
Stay healthy
Drinks
Grow
Stay healthy
1.1 Understanding that humans have basic needs
Basic Needs Of Animals
Food
Shelter
Air
Water
To breathe
To protect from• danger• extreme weather• sun & rain
Give energyGrow
Stay healthy
Drinks
Grow
Stay healthy
1.2 Understanding that animals have basic needs
Types :• holes• cave• nest• beehive
Plants Have Basic Needs
Air SunlightWater
With :• grow healthy• grow well• not wilted
Without :• wilted• Turn yellow• Die
1.3 Understanding that plants have basic needs
2.1 Analysing life processes that humans undergo
Analysing Life Processes ThatHuman Undergo
Respond To Stimuli
Breathing
Reproduce
Organs
Inhale – take in air
Exhale – give out air
Nose/Mouth Wind-pipe Lungs
A process to produceTheir young or offspring
Rate of breath
Number of chest movement In a period of time
Organs
Eyes - Sight
Nose - Smell
Tongue - Taste
Ears - Sound
Skin - Touch
Excrete Defecate
Lungs( Carbon dioxide+ water vapour )
Kidney ( urine + mineral salt )
Skin ( Sweat + mineral salt )
Faeces
Purpose :• avoid danger• avoid getting hurt• avoid getting injured• to survive
2.2 Being aware that certain behaviour can disturb life processes
Behaviour That Can DisturbLife Processes
Smoking Taking DrugDrinking Alcohol
Effects• Lung cancer• Coughing
Effects• Delay respond to stimuli• Lose ability to walk in straight line• Can cause accidentsHow to avoid
Participate in a campaign
Discourage among their peers
2.3 Analysing the life processes that animals undergo
Animals Life Processes
BreathingExcrete Reproduce
Lay Eggs Give BirthOrgans
Lungs• monkey• bird• whale
Gills• fish• prawn
Lungs-book• crab
MoistSkin• frog• earthworm
TracheaStructure• insects
Defecate
To get rid of waste productfrom their bodies cat
tigerbatwhale
butterfly
bird
2.4 Life processes plants undergo
plants respond to stimuli.
water, sunlight, touch, gravity.
why plants need to reproduce
to ensure the survival of the species.
various ways plants reproducethrough…seeds, spores, suckers, stem cutting, leaves, underground stem.
what will happen to the world if
plants do not reproduce.
no food supply.
plants reproduce.
Seeds – balsam, corn, durianSpores – fern, mushroomSuckers – banana, pineappleStem cutting – hibiscus, rose, tapiocaLeaves – bryophyllum, begoniaStem – potato, onion, ginger and lily
the part of plant that responds
to touch.
the part of plant that responds
to sunlight.
Shoot
the part of plant that responds
to gravity.
Roots
the part of plant that responds to water
Roots
Science Year 4INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS2. Living Things Undergo Life Processes
Special characteristics of animals that protect them from danger.
special behaviour of animals that protect them from danger.
The special characteristics and behaviour of animals help to protect them from danger.
3.1 animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to protect themselves
Thick and hard skinTo prevent their enemies from injuring
Hard shellSnails and tortoise retract their headAnd legs into the shell when the are
Attacked by enemies
Hard scalesPangolins and crocodiles have hard
scales To protect their bodies from injuries
SpinesRaise the sharp spines when
the enemies Advance towards them
Horns Use their horn to attack enemies.
Sharp clawsTo protect themselves and their
Young from the enemies- lion ,cat,Bears, and eagle.
Spray black inkDark surrounding helps the animal not
to been seen by enemies – e.g: octopus, squid
Poisonous sting or fangsCan hurt and kill enemies-e.g..: scorpion,
centipede snake , bee.
CamouflageHas body colour or patterns that that are
Similar to the surrounding
Pretend to deadTo trick their enemies –e.g.: beetle
3.2/3.3
Animals have specific characteristics
and behaviour to protect themselves from
extreme weather and survive
how specific characteristics and behavior of animals help to protect them from very hot or cold weather.
specific characteristics and behavior of animals that protect
them from very hot and cold weather.
Hot weather Cold weather
Wrinkled SkinElephant ,hippopotamuses and buffaloes
lose body heat through wrinkled skins
WallowingElephant, hippopotamuses and buffaloes
keep their body cool by wallowing in mud holes
HumpsCamels store food and water in the form
Of fats in the humps on their back.
Thick FurPolar bears have thick fur to prevent the body
From losing heat to cold surroundings.
Fat Layers Under The SkinsPenguins, seals, and whales have fat layers under
their skin to keep their bodies warm
Small EarsSeals and Walruses have small ears to prevent
Heat loss from their bodies.
HibernatePolar bears hibernates during extreme cold
Weather
3.4 Plants havespecific characteristics to protect
themselves from enemy
The specific characteristics of plants that protect them from enemies
How the specificcharacteristics of
plants help to protect them from enemies.
characteristics that protect plants.
Have thorns
poisonous Have fine hairs
Produces
latex
Close leaflets
when touch
3.5 Plants have specific characteristics to
protect themselves from dry region and
strong wind
strong winddry region
Eg : cactus.
a. Long roots to absorb waterb. Succulent stem can store waterc. Thorn can can prevent the excessive loss of water
Eg: Coconut tree, bamboo tree, mangrove tree
a. Have stems that bend easily b. Have buttress rootsc. Have separated leavesd. Needle- shaped leaves
INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY
Volume
MEASUREMENT1.1 Length
1.2 Area
1.5 Mass
1.6 Time
1.7 Standard units
1.3 Solid1.4 Liquid
1.1Length
Terminology
- The distance between two points/place/position
Ways to measure
Measuring tape
Cubit
Arm spanString
Ruler
Standard Tools
Measuring tape Ruler
Unit
mm cm m km
Correct technique
- The eye must be directly above the end of object
1.2 Area
- Area is the amount of Space taken up by the surface of an object.
Terminology
- Using square card with a sides of 1 centimetre
Standard unit
- Square millimetre (mm2)- Square centimetre (cm2)- Square metre (m2)- Square kilometre (km2)
- Using formula
Area = length X width1cm
1cm
Different ways to measure area
2cm
4cm
= 4cm X 2 cm = 8cm2
3cm
3cm
- by placing uniform objects such as tiles, books and stamps on the surface of the objects
Volume
Terminology
The amount of space thatsomething takes up
1.3 Solid
1.4 LiquidFormula
Length x width x height
Standard Units
mm3, cm3, m3
Tools
Standard Units
measuringcylinder
ml, lCorrect technique
a) taking the reading at the lowest part of the meniscus.b) eyes must be at the same level as the lowest part of the meniscus
1.5 Mass
Terminology
- Amount of matter in an object
Tools
Electronic balance
Simple balance
Beam balance
Kitchen scale
Bathroom scale
Lever balance
Standard unit
mg g kg
Correct technique
1.6 TimeTerminology
- Duration between two event
Way to measure
- Sundial , sand clock , candle clock
Process that repeats uniformly can be used to measure time
-Swinging pendulum
-Pulse rate candle
-water dripping
-Changing day and night
Tool
Standard unit
- Second , minute , hour
- Digital clock , watch , wrist watch , clock
Old clock
Events can be used measuring time
1.7 The Importance of Standard Units
- for accuracy and consistency
- easy to communicate and understanding
Investigating Materials
1.1 The properties of materials
Insulator
Float on water
Conduct electricity
metal
conduct heatSink in water
Light to pass through
Can be stretch
wood
stone rubber ring
glass carbon plastics
metalwood
1.2Applying knowledge
properties of materials in everyday life
Suggest ways to keep things hot
Covered with insulators
Suggest ways to keep things cold
hot thing cold thing
To prevent heat loss
prevent fromabsorbing heat
1.3 Uses of
materials based on their properties
List of object and materials that they
are made of
object materials properties
spoon metal hard
tissue wood Soft
glasses glass transparent
Reason why particular materials are used to
make an object
cheap
easy to get
strength
good quality
naturalmaterials
Man-madematerials
wood metal
rubber
cotton plastics synthetic cloth
glass
State that man-made materials comes from natural materials
reducing reusing recycling
public transport plastic bag bottle plastics glass
1.4The importance of
reuse, reduce and recycle of materials
RUSTING CAN PREVENTED
DIFFERENT WAYS TO PREVENT OBJECTS FROM
RUSTING
Coating with non rusting materials
*paint
*oil
*grease
THE NECESSARY TO
PREVENT RUSTING
*Everlasting Live
*Save Natural
material
*Save Cost
*Looking good
1.6
*Conclusion; Rusting can be avoided by preventing iron contact with air and water.
UNDERSTANDING THAT SOME
MATERIALS CAN BE RUST
RUSTY OBJECTS NON RUSTY OBJECTS
OBJECT MADE OFIRON AND STEEL
OBJECT MADE OF GLASS PLASTIC,
WOOD, CLAY AND SILK
*Nail*Spoon*Knife
*Needle
*Glass*Bottle*Cup
*Pencil
INVESTIGATING THE EARTH
AND THE UNIVERSE
1.1The solar system
List of constituents
List of planets
Planets move around
the Sun
-Nine Planets-Natural satellites-Meteors-Comets-Asteroids
Mercury – MyVenus – VeryEarth – ExcellentMars – MotherJupiter – JustSaturn – ServedUranus – UsNeptune – NinePluto – Pudding
THE SOLAR
SYSTEM
1.2 The relative size and distance between
the Earth, the Moon and the Sun
Size of the Sunrelative to the size
of the Earth.
Size of the Earthrelative to the size
of the Moon.
The relative distance fromthe Earth to the Sun comparedto the relative distance from the
Earth to the Moon.
the Sun
1
the Earth
100
the Earth
1
the Moon
4
the Sun
the Earth the Moon
150 000 000 km 382 500 km
1 : 400
1.3Appreciating the perfect placement
of the planet Earth in theSolar System
Why certain planetsare not conducivefor living things.
EFFECTThe Earth is the only planet in the
Solar System that has living things.
•The nearer a planet to the Sun is, the hotter is the surface of the planet .•The farther a planet from the Sun is, the colder is the surface of the planet.•Do not have enough air and water.
•Earth is the third planet from the Sun, it receives enough light and heat from the Sun.•It is not too hot or too cold.•The atmosphere of the Earth contains air and there is water on Earth.
Much nearer : •The temperature on the Earth would rise.•Water on Earth would evaporate.•No water and the temperature would be very hot.Much farther :•The temperature on the Earth would drop.•Water would freeze into ice.•All living things would die.
INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY
1.1.Understanding the importance of technology in everyday life
Limitation of human abilityExamples of human limitations are
• Unable to see fine objects•Unable to speak loud
•Unable to walk for long distance•Unable to see far away objects
Devices to overcome human limitation
Microscope- The usage of lens to see fine
features of objects and microbes Microphone
-To increase the voice volumeTelephone
-To communicate from long distanceBicycle, motorcycle, airplanes
-Can travel long distance in a shorter time
Telescope, binocular- To see far away objects
TECHNOLOGY
1.2 Understanding The Development Of
Technology
Agriculture
e.g.:
hoe plough tractor
combine harvesterTransportation
Land: Animal bicycle car train
Air: hot air balloon airship glider aeroplane
Water: canoe raft sampan ferry
shipCommunication
Drawing carrier pigeon
Telephone
Construction
Cave hut wooden house apartment
Examples
Problems theyencounter in their daily life
TECHNOLOGY
Ideas to solvethe problems identified
Device to solvethe problem identified.
Demonstrate that device invented can be used to
solve the problem identified
1.3 Synthesising
how technology can be used to solve problems
Cannot move and lift heavy thing
Cannot move farther
Sketch the model
Brain storming
lever
wheelbarrow
Pully – can lift everything Wheel barrow – can move heavything easily
1.4 Analysing That Technology Can Benefit Mankind If Used Wisely
Advantages of Technology Disadvantages of Technology
•CommunicationEnable human to learn more about things happening around the world
•TransportationEnable human to travel
far away places in shorter time•Agriculture
Machines make it easier to plants and harvest their crops
•ConstructionRoads, highways, bridges and
building is easier and faster to build
Environmental pollution from increase In waste materials
Environmental destruction result fromexcessive usage of natural resources
Social problem
Bad effects on health result from environmental pollution and excessive
use of chemicals
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