Michael Barlage Mukul Tewari , Fei Chen, Kevin Manning (NCAR)

North American Regional Climate Simulations with WRF/Noah-MP:

Validation and the effect of groundwater interaction

Michael Barlage Mukul Tewari, Fei Chen, Kevin Manning (NCAR)

Gonzalo Miguez-Macho (U. Santiago)

14th WRF Users’ Workshop, 26 June 2013

Domain and Setup

• Two six-month 30km simulations starting Feb 25

• 2002 and 2010• Spin-up soil for one

year using offline HRLDAS

• IC/BC from NARR• CAM radiation; YSU;

Thompson

LSM Setup• Default Noah LSM• Noah-MP with OPT_RUN=3: free drainage

comparable to Noah runoff scheme• Noah-MP with OPT_RUN=5: Miguez-Macho & Fan

groundwater with equilibrium water table• Noah-MP with OPT_BTR=1(Noah) and 2 (CLM)

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.450

0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

1

NoahCLM

Soil Saturation

Tran

spira

tion

Effici

ency

Equations:Mass balance in groundwater storage:

Darcy’s Law for groundwater – river exchange:

Darcy’s Law for lateral groundwater flow:

shhwQ nwtdwtd n dzKdzKn

n 2

width of flow cross section

TransmisivityHead difference divided by distance (water table slope)

conductivity

wi,j i, j

Q1Q2 Q3

Q4

Q5Q6Q7

Q8Plan view

h i,j

Mean sea level

Sg

Q8Q4

R Qr

Cell ij

Cross section view

Miguez-Macho & Fan water table dynamics in NOAH-MP

rQQyRxdtdS

ng

8

1

Water table depth (wtd)

Fan et al, JGR 2007Miguez-Macho et al., JGR 2007

Climate: 2002 and 2010 MAM

Climate: 2002 and 2010 JJA

Analysis Regions

• Based on NCDC Regional Climate Zones

• Observations: METAR/SYNOP stations, NCDC daily gridded precip

Depth to Water Table – MMF input

Looks similar to terrain

Focus of this presentation are locations with shallow water table

Regional Groundwater Recharge: 2010

Noah Noah-MP R3 Noah-MP R5

Regional Groundwater Recharge: 2010

Noah Noah-MP R3 Noah-MP R5

Regional Groundwater Recharge: 2002

Noah Noah-MP R3 Noah-MP R5

Regional Deep Soil Moisture: 2002

Noah Noah-MP R3 Noah-MP R5

Regional Root Soil Moisture: 2002

Noah Noah-MP R3 Noah-MP R5

Regional Root Soil Moisture: 2010

Noah Noah-MP R3 Noah-MP R5

Regional Latent Heat Flux: 2002

Noah Noah-MP R3 Noah-MP R5

Increase LH especially in JJA

Regional Latent Heat Flux: 2002

Noah Noah-MP R3 Noah-MP R5

Regional Precipitation: 2002

Noah Noah-MP R3 Noah-MP R5Black: NCDC climatology Thick Black: NCDC observations

Regional Precipitation: 2010

Noah Noah-MP R3 Noah-MP R5Black: NCDC climatology Thick Black: NCDC observations

Hurricane Alex

Temperature – 2 meter: MAM 2010 day

Temperature – 2 meter: MAM 2010 night

All MAM 2010Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -2.79 3.18 -1.95 2.17MPR3B1 0.46 1.04 0.21 0.82MPR5B1 0.30 0.96 0.09 0.78MPR3B2 0.35 0.96 0.17 0.79MPR5B2 0.19 0.92 0.04 0.78

ECCanada MAM 2010Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -3.92 5.06 -2.43 3.29MPR3B1 -0.08 2.00 -0.15 1.88MPR5B1 -0.38 1.98 -0.33 1.88MPR3B2 -0.17 1.92 -0.18 1.86MPR5B2 -0.47 1.96 -0.31 1.89

WCCanada MAM 2010Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -0.48 2.75 0.81 1.77MPR3B1 1.91 2.77 1.79 2.15MPR5B1 1.56 2.57 1.59 1.94MPR3B2 1.81 2.72 1.74 2.08MPR5B2 1.46 2.62 1.55 1.94

UpMidWest MAM 2010Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -2.69 4.40 -1.76 2.90MPR3B1 1.77 2.76 1.27 2.29MPR5B1 1.41 2.44 1.02 2.13MPR3B2 1.62 2.56 1.26 2.24MPR5B2 1.14 2.27 0.89 2.06

NoRockPln MAM 2010Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -1.54 2.79 -0.83 1.80MPR3B1 2.34 3.01 1.51 2.16MPR5B1 2.19 2.85 1.41 2.05MPR3B2 2.25 2.95 1.49 2.13MPR5B2 2.06 2.75 1.36 2.01

South MAM 2010Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -2.09 3.18 -2.26 2.89MPR3B1 1.87 2.86 1.10 2.13MPR5B1 1.58 2.57 0.96 1.99MPR3B2 1.71 2.72 1.03 2.05MPR5B2 1.48 2.56 0.94 2.00

Temperature – 2 meter: JJA 2010 day

Temperature – 2 meter: JJA 2010 night

South JJA 2010Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH 1.81 2.75 -0.99 1.60MPR3B1 4.20 4.84 1.55 2.24MPR5B1 3.22 3.88 1.07 1.82MPR3B2 4.50 5.21 1.77 2.53MPR5B2 3.87 4.67 1.28 2.13

NoRockPln JJA 2010Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH 1.04 2.14 0.03 1.72MPR3B1 3.03 3.46 2.44 2.83MPR5B1 3.13 3.52 2.58 2.92MPR3B2 3.08 3.55 2.41 2.92MPR5B2 2.99 3.48 2.42 2.89

UpMidWest JJA 2010Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH 1.77 2.72 -0.30 2.24MPR3B1 4.24 4.91 2.04 3.08MPR5B1 3.61 4.23 1.79 2.77MPR3B2 3.34 4.18 1.54 2.85MPR5B2 2.76 3.54 1.18 2.48

WCCanada JJA 2010Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH 1.12 1.81 0.50 1.23MPR3B1 1.67 2.17 1.68 2.01MPR5B1 1.40 2.01 1.50 1.87MPR3B2 1.69 2.30 1.66 2.03MPR5B2 1.20 1.85 1.35 1.71

ECCanada JJA 2010Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -0.08 1.68 -0.59 1.93MPR3B1 1.16 2.37 -0.15 1.85MPR5B1 1.00 2.24 -0.23 1.66MPR3B2 0.42 2.05 -0.48 1.89MPR5B2 0.35 1.99 -0.55 1.79

All JJA 2010Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -0.04 0.75 -1.04 1.37MPR3B1 1.67 1.93 0.52 0.98MPR5B1 1.43 1.69 0.44 0.95MPR3B2 1.26 1.65 0.31 0.99MPR5B2 1.14 1.45 0.19 0.84

Temperature – 2 meter: MAM 2002 day

Temperature – 2 meter: MAM 2002 night

South MAM 2002Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -1.42 2.79 -2.01 2.77MPR3B1 0.53 2.29 0.17 1.96MPR5B1 0.40 2.29 0.17 1.98MPR3B2 0.25 2.11 0.05 1.96MPR5B2 0.06 2.02 -0.02 1.92

NoRockPln MAM 2002Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -1.83 2.85 -1.15 2.14MPR3B1 0.33 1.96 0.36 1.96MPR5B1 0.21 1.97 0.28 1.90MPR3B2 0.15 1.92 0.26 1.92MPR5B2 -0.02 1.99 0.11 1.88

UpMidWest MAM 2002Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -3.97 5.02 -3.65 4.50MPR3B1 -1.25 3.01 -1.62 3.36MPR5B1 -1.15 3.00 -1.61 3.34MPR3B2 -1.44 3.00 -1.72 3.38MPR5B2 -1.44 3.03 -1.79 3.40

WCCanada MAM 2002Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -2.00 2.83 -0.93 2.13MPR3B1 0.11 1.69 -0.19 2.00MPR5B1 -0.15 1.80 -0.26 1.95MPR3B2 0.02 1.69 -0.22 1.99MPR5B2 -0.26 1.83 -0.33 1.93

ECCanada MAM 2002Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -5.46 6.23 -4.35 5.06MPR3B1 -1.56 2.80 -2.02 3.23MPR5B1 -1.55 2.80 -2.03 3.24MPR3B2 -1.62 2.81 -2.04 3.23MPR5B2 -1.70 2.84 -2.13 3.28

All MAM 2002Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -3.64 3.91 -3.14 3.39MPR3B1 -1.21 1.73 -1.37 1.88MPR5B1 -1.16 1.71 -1.35 1.86MPR3B2 -1.36 1.79 -1.44 1.91MPR5B2 -1.37 1.81 -1.48 1.94

Temperature – 2 meter: JJA 2002 day

Temperature – 2 meter: JJA 2002 night

South JJA 2002Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH 2.20 3.03 -0.63 1.44MPR3B1 2.38 3.33 0.39 1.90MPR5B1 2.14 3.07 0.24 1.75MPR3B2 1.60 2.88 -0.13 1.82MPR5B2 1.71 2.89 -0.05 1.75

NoRockPln JJA 2002Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH 1.20 2.59 0.39 1.68MPR3B1 1.03 2.25 1.44 2.22MPR5B1 0.71 2.07 1.20 2.04MPR3B2 0.49 2.14 1.07 2.05MPR5B2 0.40 1.92 0.92 1.81

UpMidWest JJA 2002Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH 1.11 2.36 -1.15 2.36MPR3B1 1.70 3.22 0.27 2.39MPR5B1 1.49 2.98 0.20 2.21MPR3B2 0.84 2.54 -0.27 2.41MPR5B2 0.69 2.27 -0.46 2.13

WCCanada JJA 2002Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH 1.86 2.44 0.74 1.31MPR3B1 0.95 1.90 1.07 1.53MPR5B1 0.21 1.57 0.62 1.21MPR3B2 0.52 1.74 0.85 1.41MPR5B2 0.06 1.56 0.51 1.14

ECCanada JJA 2002Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -1.64 2.53 -2.14 2.84MPR3B1 -0.92 2.06 -1.47 2.26MPR5B1 -0.83 2.03 -1.57 2.31MPR3B2 -1.28 2.21 -1.75 2.44MPR5B2 -1.54 2.38 -2.02 2.64

All JJA 2002Day Day Nit NitBias RMSE Bias RMSE

NOAH -0.60 0.97 -1.47 1.70MPR3B1 0.11 1.07 -0.48 0.99MPR5B1 0.06 0.98 -0.53 0.97MPR3B2 -0.51 1.08 -0.84 1.27MPR5B2 -0.44 0.92 -0.89 1.12

Dewpoint – 2 meter: MAM 2002 day

Dewpoint – 2 meter: MAM 2002 night

Summary• Tested a new groundwater option to Noah-MP that

accounts for aquifer interaction • Noah-MP performs better than Noah for near surface

temperature (with exceptions), though more optimization is likely required

• Noah-MP performs the same (2002) or regionally worse (2010) for precipitation

• In regions with low water table depth, upward transport of water:– Increases late summer latent heat flux– Has little effect on precipitation– Improves surface temperature simulation

Dewpoint – 2 meter: JJA 2002 day

Dewpoint – 2 meter: JJA 2002 night

Regional Deep Soil Moisture: 2010

Noah Noah-MP R3 Noah-MP R5

Regional Latent Heat Flux: 2010

Noah Noah-MP R3 Noah-MP R5

Regional Latent Heat Flux: 2010

Noah Noah-MP R3 Noah-MP R5

Regional Precipitation: 2002

Noah Noah-MP R3 Noah-MP R5Black: NCDC climatology Thick Black: NCDC observations

Regional Precipitation: 2010

Noah Noah-MP R3 Noah-MP R5Black: NCDC climatology Thick Black: NCDC observations

Hurricane Alex

Dewpoint – 2 meter: MAM 2010 day

Dewpoint – 2 meter: MAM 2010 night

Dewpoint – 2 meter: JJA 2010 day

Dewpoint – 2 meter: JJA 2010 night