Mewar kingdom

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1. Introduction2. Kings3. Administration4. Wars5. Society6. Economy7. Religion8. Language and Literature9. Art and Architecture10.Decline of the Kingdom11.Resources

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The Rajputs established their power in Mewar in the 8th

century. In 13 A.D. Chittor, the capital of Mewar, came under

the control of Ala-ud-din Khalji. After his death it again went

back into the hands of Rajputs because of the heroics of

Rana Hamir.

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The major kings of Mewar kingdom were:

1. Rana Hamir Singh I2. Rana Kumbha3. Maharana Rai-Mal4. Rana Sanga5. Maharana Udai Singh II6. Maharana Pratap Singh

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Following an invasion by the Delhi sultanate at the end of the 13th century, the ruling Guhilot clan had been displaced from Mewar.

Hamir, who belonged to an impoverished cadet branch of that clan, regained control of the region and re-established the dynasty.

He became the first of his dynasty to use the royal title 'Rana'.

Hamir also became the progenitor of the Sisodia clan, a branch of the Guhilot clan, to which every succeeding Maharana of Mewar has belonged.

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Rana Kumbha was the leader of the fifteenth century Rajput resurgence.

Ahmad Shah (ruler of Gujarat), and Muhammad Shah (ruler of Delhi) cooperated with Rana Kumbha to combat Mahmud Khalji.

During this period, the rulers of Delhi and Gujarat conferred on Rana Kumbha the title of Hindu-suratrana ( Hindu Sultan ).

Rana Kumbha was the first Hindu ruler to be given this accolade by the Muslim Sultans.

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During Raimals' reign, Ajmer was recaptured.

Raimal also strengthened the state of Mewar and repaired the temple of Eklingi in Chittor.

The last years of Raimal's rule were marked by conflict between his sons with Prince Sanga.

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Rana Sanga succeeded his father Rana Raimal as the king of the Mewar in 1509. Rana Sanga was defeated at the battle of khanwa by Mughal emperor Babur in 1527.

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He founded Udaipur and shifted his capital to Udaipur.

Using this as a pretext, Akbar attacked Mewar in October,1567. On October 23, 1567 Akbar formed his camp near Udaipur.

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Maharana Pratap never accepted Akbar as ruler of India, and fought Akbar all his life.

In 1567 Akbar attacked chittorgarh and razed it to the ground.

Maharana Pratap and his army harass the Mughals through guerrilla warfare.

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Mewar had a pattern of feudal administration.

The king, the nobles and the people were united without distinction of caste, creed or religion as one family, even in times of war.

Throughout its long history, the kingdom gained an admirable record of solid independence, and its place of honour at the head of the Rajput clans was well deserved.

Because of Mewar's stoical adherence to tradition, India has always held the kingdom in high respect, calling it the Sun of the Hindus.

Mewar was called the Sun of the Hindus, and its history is outstanding in the annals of India.

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The battle of khanwa was fought between Babur and Rana Sanga

It resulted in the decisive victory of the Babur.

Rana Sanga somehow managed to escape from the Mughal army.

 The army of Rana Sanga was quite broken and dispersed.

Rana Sanga died shortly after this battle in 1527 at Baswa on Mewar's northern border.

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The battle of haldighati was fought between Maharana Pratap and Mughal empire.

It resulted in the decisive victory of Mughal empire.

But, they failed to capture Maharana Pratap.

Maharana Pratap retreated into the hilly wilderness of the Aravali hills and continued his struggle. 

His one attempt at open confrontation having thus failed, Pratap resumed the tactics of guerrilla warfare.

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Caste system was rigid during the Mewar kingdom.

During this period a large number of new castes came into existence.

Mewar rulers supported brahamins as scholars and priests.

Society evils were prevelent like sati system, Jauhar and polygamy.

The standard of living among upper class was fairy high.

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Agriculture was the main occupation of the people.

The poor worked as the labour for temples, forts, palaces etc.

They encouraged trade by building roads, sarais etc.

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 Hinduism was followed during this period.

They mainly worshipped gods Vishnu and Shiva.

Bhakti saints preached devotion to God.

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Mewari was spoken during the mewar kingdom.

Samgita-raja, the Rasika-priya commentary on the Gitagovinda, the Sudaprabandha, and the Kamaraja-ratisara were the famous literature works of that period.

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The flowering of arts and culture during Mewar Kingdom is exceeded only by Bhoja Parmara .

Mewar rulers had constructed many forts ,monuments and temples. They had constucted:

Kirti StambhaRanakpur Trailokya-dipaka Jain templeKumbhasvami TempleAdivarsha TemplesKumbhalgarh fort

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Kumbhalgarh fort

Ranakpur Trailokya-dipaka Jain temple

Kumbhasvami Temple

Adivarsha Temple

Kirti Stambh

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The main reasons for the decline of the Mewar Kingdom were:

The Mewar rulers were in constant fighting with Mughal emperors, other Rajput rulers.

The feudal system proved disastrous for the Mewar Kingdom.

The Mewar rulers were not conversant with the latest warfare techniques and their mode of fighting and weapons were outdated.

The caste system prevalent amongst them gave rise to mutual jealousies.

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1. www.wikipedia.org

2. www.indianetzone.com

3. www.eternalmewar.com

4. www.preservearticles.com

5. We and Our World (A book of Social Sciences), Class VII

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