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METAR/TAF YOUR “NEW” AVIATION WEATHER FORMAT. NEW METAR/TAF CODES BECOME EFFECTIVE Beginning Oct 1996 MILITARY BASES CURRENTLY USING SIMILAR FORMAT. What is. METAR/TAF?. METAR AVIATION ROUTINE WEATHER REPORTS TAF AERODROME FORECASTS. METAR/TAF. SIGNIFICANT CODE CHANGES FOR METAR - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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NEW METAR/TAF CODES BECOME EFFECTIVE
Beginning Oct 1996
MILITARY BASES CURRENTLY USING SIMILAR FORMAT
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METAR/TAF
SIGNIFICANT CODE CHANGES FOR METAR
ELEMENTS PRESENTED IN A DIFFERENT ORDER
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To help remember the sequence, thinkof 3W’s at the beginning...
Where, When, and Wind
KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT
This works for METAR as well as TAF!
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METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA
OVC010CB 18/16 A2992
PIT SA 1955 E10 OVC 3 /4TRW 64/60/2215G25/992/
R28RVR2600
Current U.S. SA
1996 U.S. METAR
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METAR/TAFVisibility - Annotated by Statute Miles
Weather Phenomena -SHSN +SHRAPresent 2 Letter Weather Code DroppedCloud Types Identified only if CB or TCU
V V - Replaces Indefinite CeilingV V001 Same as Old W1X0FV V/// Means Indefinite Ceiling, Height not
Known.
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METAR/TAFALL TEMPERATURES AND DEWPOINTS
WILL BE IN CELSIUS ALL TEMPERATURES IN 2 DIGITS BELOW ZERO TEMPS INDICATED BY “M”EXAMPLE: 02/M03
ALTIMETER ANNOTATED BY “A”EXAMPLE: A2992
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METAR/TAF
PIT SA 1955 M10 OVC 3/4TRW
132/59/52/2215G25/992/R28RRVR2600
Current SAO
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METAR/TAF
METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA
OVC010CB 18/16 A2992
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METAR/TAF
METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA
OVC010CB 18/16 A2992Explanation: Routine Hourly
Observation
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METAR/TAF
SPECI KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA
OVC010CB 18/16 A2992Explanation: Special or Record Special
Report
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METAR/TAR
METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA
OVC010CB 18/16 A2992Explanation: Reporting Point Using Four
Letters - Domestic U.S. Begins With “K”
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METAR/TAFMETAR KPIT 201955Z
22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA
OVC010CB 18/16 A2992Explanation: Observation taken on
20thday of month, at 1955 UTC (Zulu)Time always in 4 digits
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METAR/TAFMETAR KPIT 201955Z
22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA
OVC010CB 18/16 A2992Explanation: Surface winds from 220
degrees at 15 Knots Gusting to 25 Knots
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METAR/TAFCalm winds indicated by: 00000KT
22015KT 180V260 - When wind direction varies 60 degrees or more
and wind is greater than 6 KnotsVRB - When wind direction is variable
and speed less than or equal to 6 knots
RMK - Peak wind data reported in remarks section when max.
instantaneous speed is greater than 25 knots - 22030/15
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METAR/TAF
METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA
OVC010CB 18/16 A2992Explanation: Visibility is 3/4 STATUTE
MILES - Note annotation of “SM”Miles and fractions are also reported
(e.g.., 2 3/4SM for 2 and 3/4 miles vis.)
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METAR/TAFMETAR KPIT 201955Z
22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA
OVC010CB 18/16 A2992Explanation: For Runway 28 Right, The
RVR is Reported as 2600 Feet
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METAR/TAF
More visibility codes you may see:
“M” - Indicates RVR is less than lowest reportable sensor value (M600FT)
“P” - Indicates RVR is greater than reportable sensor value (P6000FT)
“V” - Indicates RVR is variable (R06L/2000V4000FT) - Runway 6L RVR is variable between 2000 feet and 4000 feet
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METAR/TAFMETAR KPIT 201955Z
22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB
18/16 A2992Explanation: Thunderstorms and
Rainshowers of Moderate Intensity at the time of observation
[ “-” indicates light, “+” indicates heavy ]
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METAR/TAF
Significant Weather Codes:Format is a two letter character descriptor :
(TS, SH, FZ, etc...)Followed by a two character weather
phenomenon ( RA, SN, FG, etc...)All codes in the abbreviation section of METAR/TAF Booklet
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METAR/TAF
Cloud height is reported in hundreds of feet.
When clouds are towering cumulus or cumulonimbus, TCU or CB will follow cloud heights.
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METAR/TAF
Clouds are categorized based on eights (octas) of sky cover. SKC - SKY CLEARFEW - 1-2 OCTASSCT - 3-4 OCTASBKN - 5-7 OCTASOVC - 8 OCTAS
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METAR/TAF
METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA
OVC010CB 18/16 A2992Explanation: Overcast Cloud Deck at 1000 Feet with Cumulonimbus Clouds
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METAR/TAFMETAR KPIT 201955Z
22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA
OVC010CB 18/16 A2992Explanation: Temperature is 18 Celsius,
Dew Point is 16 Below Zero Reported With Minus as “M06”
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METAR/TAFMETAR KPIT 201955Z
22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA
OVC010CB 18/16 A2992Explanation: Altimeter Setting - Now
Four Digits - In U.S. “A” Indicates Inches of Mercury. “Q” is Metric (HectoPascals) Not used in U.S.
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METAR/TAF TAF’s Exclude Temperature,
Turbulence and Icing ForecastTAF AMD - Amended ForecastNSW - No Significant WeatherSKC - Clear SkiesVC - Vicinity, but not at
Aerodome; in U.S. (5-10 Statute Miles from Center of Runway Complex)..
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METAR/TAF
METAR KATL 101050Z 00000KT 15SM SKC 26/18
A3021
Easy, Right ?
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METAR EGLL 151050Z 31015G27KT 280V350
1400SW 6000N R24LP1500 +SHRA SCT005 SCT010CB
BKN018 OVC025 10/03 Q0995
DTW SA 1050 5 SCT 10 SCT E18 BKN 25 OVC 7/8SW 10/03/3115G27/937
Current U.S. SA
1996 INTERNATIONAL
METAR
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METAR ASOS/AWOS
METAR KOWA 251955Z AUTO 31008 10SM FEW015
SCT025 05/M05 A2992 RMK AO2 SLP013 T00471054
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METAR/TAFTAF’s are scheduled for issuance four times daily at 00Z, 06Z, 12Z, and 18Z.
TAF, contains a definitive forecast for specific time
periods and will replace the Terminal Forecast
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PIT 091818 C20 BKN 3RW.20Z C15 OVC 3RW OCNL C8 OVC
1/2 TRW.23Z C20 BKN 40 OVC 5RW CHC
1RF. 10Z C20 OVC 5R-.13Z CLR...
Current U.S. FT
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METAR/TAFTAF KPIT 091720Z 091818 22020KT
3SM -SHRA BKN020FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA
OVC015 PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB..
FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -RA FG..
FM1000 22010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC020..
BECMG 1315 20010KT P6SM NSW SKC
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METAR/TAFTAF KPIT 091720Z 091818 22020KT 3SM -
SHRA BKN020FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015
PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB..FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020
OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -RA FG..FM1000 22010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC020.. BECMG 1315 20010KT P6SM NSW SKC
THE SECRET:Break it down
by time frames!
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METAR/TAFHOW TO IDENTIFY THE TIME
FRAMES:
FM2000 - FroM and 4-digit group, hour and minute : indicates significant change.
PROB40 2022- PROBability of condition during 2-digit beginning and 2-digit ending time..
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METAR/TAFHOW TO IDENTIFY THE TIME
FRAMES:TEMPO 0407 - TEMPOrary, changes
expected for less than 1 hour at a time.
BECMG 1315 - BECoMinG, changes expected during 2-digit beginning and 2-digit ending time period...
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METAR/TAF
TAF KPIT 091720Z 091818
Explanation: Pittsburgh, PA, Terminal Forecast Issued on the 9th at 17:20Z and Valid from the 9th starting at 18:00Z until the 10th at 18:00Z
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METAR/TAFTAF KPIT 091720Z 091818 22020KT
3SM -SHRA BKN020FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA
OVC015 PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB..
FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -RA FG..
FM1000 22010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC020..
BECMG 1315 20010KT P6SM NSW SKC
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METAR/TAF
TAF KPIT 091720Z 091818 22020KT 3SM -SHRA BKN020
FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015 PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB..
FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -RA FG..
FM1000 22010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC020..BECMG 1315 20010KT P6SM NSW SKC
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METAR/TAF
1818 22020KT 3SM -SHRA BKN020
Explanation: From the Beginning of the Forecast period (18:00Z) Until the Next Time Frame, the Forecast Winds 220 Degrees at 20Knots, Visibility 3 Statue Miles, in Light Rain Showers with a Broken Ceiling of 2000 Feet
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METAR/TAFTAF KPIT 091720Z 091818 22020KT 3SM -
SHRA BKN020FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA
OVC015 PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB..
FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -RA FG..
FM1000 22010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC020..BECMG 1315 20010KT P6SM NSW SKC
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METAR/TAF
FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015 PROB40 2022 1/2SM
TSRA OVC008CB..Explanation: The First Part, From
2000Z, Forecast Winds From 300 Degrees at 15 Knots Gusting to 25 Knots, Visibility 3 Statue Miles in Moderate Rain Showers, With an Overcast Ceiling at 1500 Feet.
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METAR/TAFFM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA
OVC015 PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB..
Explanation: The Second Part, Between, 20Z and 22Z, Forecasts a Probability of the Visibility Going Down to 1/2 Statue Mile in Thunder Storms and Moderate Rain Showers With the Ceiling Lowering to 800 Feet with Cumulonimbus Clouds.
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METAR/TAFTAF KPIT 091720Z 091818 22020KT 3SM -
SHRA BKN020FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015
PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB..FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020
OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -RA FG..
FM1000 22010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC020..BECMG 1315 20010KT P6SM NSW SKC
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METAR/TAF
FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -
RA FG..
Remember Time Frames? There are two Within This Example.
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METAR/TAF
FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -
RA FG..Explanation: From 2300Z Until 1000Z
the Winds are Expected to be From 270 Degrees at 8 Knots, Visibility 5 Statue Miles in Light Rain Showers, With a Broken Ceiling at 2000 Feet and Overcast Ceiling at 4000 Feet.
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METAR/TAF
FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -
RA FG..
Explanation: Between 04Z and 07Z the Forecast Calls for Calm Winds, Visibility Temporarily Decreasing to 1 Statue Mile in Light Rain and Fog.
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METAR/TAF
TAF KPIT 091720Z 091818 22020KT 3SM -SHRA BKN020
FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015 PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB..
FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -RA FG..
FM1000 22010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC020.. BECMG 1315 20010KT P6SM NSW SKC
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METAR/TAF
FM1000 22010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC020..
Explanation: From 1000Z (Until 1800Z) the Forecast Calls for Winds From 220 Degrees at 10 Knots, Visibility 5 Statute Miles in Light Rain Showers, With an Overcast Ceiling at 2000 Feet. (Notice - Not CB or TCU Type Cloud)
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METAR/TAF TAF KPIT 091720Z 091818 22020KT 3SM -
SHRA BKN020FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015
PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB..FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040
TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -RA FG..FM10 00 22010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC020.. BECMG 1315 20010KT P6SM NSW SKC
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METAR/TAF
BECMG 1315 20010KT P6SM NSW SKC
Explanation: The Weather Becoming Between 13Z and 15Z, Surface Winds From 200 Degrees at 10 Knots and Visibility of More Than 6 Statute Miles, with No Significant Weather and Clear Skies.
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