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messages fourth canadian edition
Chapter TwoInterpersonal Communication and Culture
1
Interpersonal Communication and CultureCulture – the lifestyle of a group of
people
values • language beliefs • ways of
thinking artifacts • art ways of behaving •laws ways of communicating •religion
2
Interpersonal Communication and Culture Enculturation
-the process of learning one’s culture from one generation to another
Acculturation-the process by which a person’s
culture is modified through direct contact with or exposure to another culture
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Table 2.1Table 2.1
See table 2.1 on page 26 to see Intercultural Value Conflict Areas
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Test YourselfTest Yourself
Turn to page 27 and complete the “Test Yourself” How Individualistic Are You?
Answer the questions under “What Will You Do?”
Culture differs in terms of...
Orientation (individualistic/collectivist)
Context (high/low)
Masculinity / Feminity
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Orientation
Individualistic Culture-You are responsible for yourself and
perhaps your immediate family; you are responsible to your own conscience
Collectivist Culture-You are responsible for the entire
group; responsibility is largely an individual matter.
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See Table 2.2See Table 2.2
Look at table 2.2 on page 30 to see some difference between individualistic and collectivist cultures.
High and Low Context
High ContextCommunication is in the context of the person’s Previous communication Assumptions Shared experiences
Low ContextInformation is explicitly stated Verbally In written form
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Masculine and Feminine Cultures A masculine culture
-typically views men as assertive, oriented to material success and strong
A feminine culture-both men and women are
supposed to be modest and oriented to maintaining the quality of life
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Masculine and Feminine Masculine and Feminine CulturesCultures
Masculine cultureMen are: Assertive Oriented to material
success Strong
Feminine culture
Both men and women are:
Modest Oriented to quality of
life Tender
Women are: Modest Oriented to
quality of life Tender
Intercultural Communication
Communication between cultures ethnic groups religions nations small cultures small groups genders
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 13
Test YourselfTest Yourself
Do “Test Yourself” on page 33
How Ethnocentric Are You?
Steps to Improve Intercultural Communication1) Recognize and reduce your
ethnocentrism2) Be mindful3) Face fears4) Avoid over-attribution5) Identify uncertainty and ambiguity
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Steps continued
6) Recognize differences-between yourself and culturally
different people
-within the culturally different group
7) Recognize meaning differences in verbal & nonverbal messages
8) Adjust your communication9) Recognize culture shock
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Recognize Meaning Recognize Meaning Differences in Verbal and Differences in Verbal and Nonverbal MessagesNonverbal Messages
Remember: meaning does not exist in the words we use; it exists in the person using the words
In intercultural communication, potential differences in meaning are even greater in nonverbal than verbal messages
Ethnocentrism
We all tend to see others and their behaviours through our own cultural filters and think our culture is better than other cultures in every way.
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 18
Skills ToolboxSkills Toolbox
Read : Skills Toolbox” on page 34
Recognize That Culture Shock Is Normal
Stages of Culture Shock Honeymoon
Fascination with new culture Crisis
Differences between your own culture and the new one creates problems
Recovery
Gain the skills to function effectively Adjustment
Adjust and come to enjoy the new culture
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Thinking CriticallyThinking Critically
Read “Thinking Critically About” on page 37
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Adjust Your Adjust Your CommunicationCommunication
Learn the other culture’s signals; avoid violating cultural rules
Share your own system of signals with others
Avoid evaluating differences negatively: see others as different but equal
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 22
Skill Building ExerciseSkill Building Exercise
Complete 2.3 Confronting Intercultural Difficulties on page 45. Do questions 1-6 AND “Thinking Critically About Intercultural Difficulties.
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