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Medical/Surgical Asepsis. Presented by: Mrs. Kriminger Prepared by:Cynthia Bartlau, RN, PHN, MSN. Objectives. At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to Discuss concepts related to the chain of infection Differentiate medical and surgical asepsis - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Medical/Surgical AsepsisPresented by: Mrs. Kriminger
Prepared by:Cynthia Bartlau, RN, PHN, MSN
Objectives
At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to Discuss concepts related to the chain of infection Differentiate medical and surgical asepsis Discuss equipment used for maintaining medical
and/or surgical asepsis Identify common sources for contamination Describe proper hand placement during aseptic
procedures
Beginning of Modern Asepsis
Previous to the discovery of asepsis many people died due to post-operative (and other) infection
Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis Told doctors to wash their hands
Scottish surgeon named Joseph Lister Inspired by Louis Pasteur’s formulation of the
germ theory of disease Used carbolic acid in operating rooms
Drastic reduction in infections
Theory of Infection Control
Microorganisms Bacteria Fungi Viruses Protozoa
Pathogenic Disease causing Infectious agent Causes disease in healthy person Opportunistic pathogen
Causes disease in susceptible person Virulence Communicable diseases
Non-pathogenic Resident flora Colonization Can cause disease if transmitted to other areas
Infection
Local Specific area of body is infected
Systemic Microorganisms spread & damage other body
areas Bacteremia when microbes enter blood stream Septicemia – when bacteremia spreads through all of
the body systems Acute vs. chronic infection
Nosocomial – infections that occur as a result of health care delivery Endogenous source Exogenous sources
Iatrogenic – infection directly caused by any diagnostic or therapeutic source
Drug-Resistant Pathogens MRSA VRE MDR TB
Causative Agent
Susceptible Host
Portal of Entry Mode of Transmission
Portal of Exit
ReservoirBacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa
Helminthes
People
Equipment
Water
Secretions
Excretions
Droplets
Skin
Direct-Indirect Contact/Fomite
Injection/Ingestion
Airborne/Aerosols
Broken Skin/Mucous Membrane
Gastrointestinal/Respiratory/ Urinary Tract
Neonates
Diabetics
Immunosuppressed
Cardiopulmonary Disease
Chain of Infection
Medical Asepsis
AKA: Clean technique Practices that inhibit the growth & spread of
pathogenic microorganisms Handwashing Standard precautions Transmission based precautions PPE
The JCAHO Sentinel Event Alert quotes Julie Gerberding, MD, director of the CDC, as stating Clean hands are the single most important factor
in preventing the spread of dangerous germs and antibiotic resistance.
Beyea, S. C. (2003, July). Keeping patients safe from infection - Patient safety first. AORN Journal.
Antiseptics
Prevent or inhibit growth of pathogenic organisms
Not effective against spores or viruses Can be use on the skin
Alcohol Betadine
Disinfection
Destruction of pathogens other than spores Boiling water and chemicals
Bleach solutions Zephirin
Irritate or damage skin Used on objects not people
Surgical Asepsis
AKA: Sterile technique Practices that destroy all microorganisms &
their spores Used in specialized areas & skills
Care of surgical wounds Catheter insertion Invasive procedures Surgery
Sterilization
Destruction of pathogens & non-pathogens, including spores and viruses Steam under pressure Gas Radiation Chemicals
Autoclave is most common piece of equipment used
CDC recommendations Preoperative/prophylactic antibiotic
administration No preoperative hair removal (unless hair will
interfere with operation)
Sterile Technique
Procedures that keep an object or area free from living organisms
Sterile vs. contaminated areas Articles must remain away from and in front
of the body and above the waist
Sterile Technique
Never reach across the sterile field Never turn your back to the sterile field Two inches around border is considered
contaminated Sterile field must be kept dry
Sterile Gloving
Only touch the outside of the package with bare hands.
The inside of the package, in which the gloves are placed, is considered sterile.
The wrapper, when opened provides a sterile field.
Grasp only the outside edge of the wrapper.
The inside of the glove may be touched with the bare hand
Grasp the first glove at the top edge of the folded-down cuff and slip in hand
Slip gloved fingers into cuff of second glove and slip in second hand without contaminating
The outer aspect of the glove must remain sterile Includes wrist area Keep hands above level of waist Sterile to sterile only If contamination occurs, start again with new pair of gloves
Techniques to Remove Articles from Sterile Wraps Drop technique
For gauze pads, dressings, small items Wrapper is partially opened , held upside down over
sterile field, dropped onto sterile field Mitten technique
For bowls, drapes, linen… Using the wrap as a mitten, sterile supplies can be
placed on a sterile field Transfer forceps
For cotton balls, small items, or articles Sterile gloves or transfer forceps are used to transfer
objects to sterile field
Careers:
Surgical Technologist – Technology Program (12 months / Full Time) $19.19/hr or $39,920 per year + job outlook What do they do? Where do they work?
Surgeon – Completes Medical School then surgical residency Additional 3-8 years of r Various specialties: cardiac, neurology,
orthopedics, etc.. $356,000 per year and up
Questions?
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