Medical Terminology List 3 Chapter 2. Organization of the Body

Medical Terminology

List 3Chapter 2

Organization of the Body

Cells

• Basic functional unit of the body

Tissue

• Groups of cells• Working together• To perform a specialize

function

Organ

• Composed to 2 or more different types of tissue

• Specific function• Usually recognizable

shape

System

• Related organs• Common function

Organism

• Collection of body systems

• Make up the most complex level of life

Body Systems -11

• Circulatory System• Lymphatic (immune)

system• Digestive system• Endocrine system• Reproductive system• Muscular system

• Skeletal system• Nervous system• Respiratory system• Integumentary system• Urinary system

Acronym for 11 body systems• MURDERS LINC

MuscularUrinaryReproductiveDigestiveEndocrineRespiratorySkeletal

LymphaticIntegumentaryNervousCirculatory

Circulatory System

• Contains– Heart, Arteries; Veins; Capillaries; Blood; Spleen

• Function– to deliver oxygenated blood to the body

Lymphatic (Immune) System

• Contains– Lymph nodes, white blood cells

• Function– to remove infectious diseases and other

pathogens from the human body

Digestive System

• Contains– Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Pancreas, Liver,

Gallbladder, Intestines

• Function– To convert food particles into simpler, molecules

that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body

Endocrine System

• Contains: Glands– hypothalamus– pituitary gland– thyroid– parathyroid– adrenal glands– pancreas– testes– ovaries

Endocrine System

• Function– to control growth, development, metabolism and

reproduction through the production and secretion of hormones

Reproductive System

• Contains– Female: Ovaries, uterus, vagina– Male: Testis, penis, prostate

• Function– Allows for the continuation of the human species

Muscular System

• Contains– Muscles

• Function– works with the skeletal and nervous system to

produce movement

Skeletal System

• Contains– Bones– Femur, humerus, radius and ulna, cranium, fibula

and tibia, vertebrae, pelvic bone, phalanges

• Function– to provide structure and support to the body

Nervous System

• Contains– Brain, spinal cord, nerves

• Function– to coordinate the body’s response to changes in

its internal and external environment

Respiratory System

• Contains– Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, alveoli,

lungs, diaphragm

• Function– to provide the body with a oxygen and remove

carbon dioxide

Integumentary System

• Contains– Skin

• Function– protection to the underlying layers – body temperature regulation– nerves that respond to temperature, touch,

pressure, and pain

Urinary System

• Contains– Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

• Function– Remove waste products from the body– Keep fluid and electrolyte levels normal

Body Cavities

• Cranial • Thoracic• Abdominal • Pelvic• Spinal• Pleura

Cranial Cavity

• Location– Surrounded by the skull, in the head

• Contains– Brain, meninges

Thoracic Cavity

• Location– Chest area– Surrounded by the ribs

• Contains– Lung, heart, trachea

Abdominal Cavity

• Location– Below the thoracic

cavity and above the pelvic cavity

• Contains– Digestive organs– Stomach, liver,

gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, intestines kidney

Pelvic Cavity

• Location– Below the abdominal

cavity, – Surrounded by the

pelvis

• Contains– Reproductive organs,

urinary bladder, rectum

Spinal Cavity

• Location– Space surrounded by

the spinal column

• Contains– Spinal cord

Pleura Cavity

• Location– Pleura surrounds the

lungs– Cavity is the space

between the pleura and the lungs

• Contains– Pleural fluid

Diaphragm

• Location– The muscle that

separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

• Contains – Muscle that aids in

respiration

Mediastinum

• Location– Large space between

the lungs

• Contains– Heart, esophagus,

trachea, bronchi

What cavity is it?

Body Planes

• How to cut the body into pieces!

Sagittal

• AKA: – Lateral

• Vertically divides the body right half and left half.

• Midsagittal– Divides the body through the

midline

Transverse

• AKA– Axial

• Horizontally divides the body into superior and inferior portions

Coronal

• AKA– Frontal

• Divides the body front to back

• Into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions.

Coronal

Directions

• Movements of the body!

Adduction

• Movement towards the midline of the body

Abduction

• Movement away from the midline of the body

Superior

• AKA– Cephalic– Cranial

• Above or higher; toward the head

Inferior

• AKA– Caudal

• Below or lower, toward the tail

Anterior

• AKA– Ventral

• Front of the body, toward the front

Posterior

• AKA– Dorsal

• Back of the body; toward the back

Medial

• Pertaining to the middle; toward the midline

Lateral

• Pertaining to the side; toward the side

External

• Outside, exterior to

Internal

• Within, interior to

Superficial

• Toward or on the surface

Deep

• Away from the surface

Proximal

• Near the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure

Distal

• Farther from the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure

Parietal

• Pertaining to the outer wall of a cavity

Visceral

• Pertaining to the organs within a cavity