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Mechanical Drawing(MDP 115)

FirstYear,

Mechanical Engineering Dept.,

Faculty of Engineering,

Fayoum University

Dr. Ahmed Salah Abou Taleb

Threads and Fasteners

Topics

Exercises

2

Threads & Fasteners: Topics

Summary

1) Fasteners

2) Screw Thread Definitions

3) Types of Thread

4) Manufacturing Screw Threads

5) Drawing Screw Threads

6) Unified Threads

7) Metric Threads

8) Drawing Bolts

9) Bolt and Screw Clearances

3

Threads & Fasteners: Exercises

Exercise 1: Screw thread features

Exercise 2: Unified national thread note components

Exercise 3: Unified national thread note

Exercise 4: Metric thread note components

Exercise 5: Metric thread tables

Exercise 6: Fastener tables and clearance holes

4

Threads and Fasteners

Summary

5

Summary

• What will we learn in this topic?

– How to represent threads on an engineering drawing.

– How to calculate bolt and screw clearance holes.

• Key points

– Threads are represented by thread symbols, not by a realistic drawing.

6

Threads and Fasteners

1) Fasteners

7

Fasteners

• Fasteners include:

– bolts and nuts (threaded)

– set screws (threaded)

– washers

– keys

– Pins

• Fasteners are not a permanent means of assembly such as welding or adhesives.

8

Fasteners

• Fasteners and threaded features must be specified on your engineering drawing.

– Threaded features: Threads are specified in a thread note.

– General Fasteners: Purchasing information must be given to allow the fastener to be ordered correctly.

9

Threads and Fasteners

2) Screw Thread Definitions

10

Thread Definitions

• Screw Thread: A ridge of uniform section in the form of a helix.

11

Thread Definitions

• External Thread: External threads are on the outside of a member.

– A chamfer on the end of the screw thread makes it easier to engage the nut.

Chamfer

12

Thread Definitions

• External Thread:

– An external thread is cut using a die or a lathe.

13

Thread Definitions

• Internal Thread: Internal threads are on the inside of a member.

– An internal thread is cut using a tap.

14

Thread Definitions

• Major DIA (D): The largest diameter (For both internal and external threads).

• Minor DIA (d): The smallest diameter.

• Depth of thread: (D-d)/2

• Pitch DIA (dP): The diameter at which a line cuts the spaces and threads equally.

15

Exercise 1

Screw thread features

16

Identify the Major, Minor & Pitch diameters and the Thread Depth.

87

1 2

3

4 5

6

109

8

17

8

Identify the Major, Minor & Pitch diameters and the Thread Depth.

1 2

3

4

Minor d

10 9

Thread Depth

Major Ddp

18

Thread Definitions

• Crest: The top surface.

• Root: The bottom Surface.

• Side: The surface between the crest and root.

19

Identify the Crest, Root and Side.

1 2

3

4

109

Minor d

Thread Depth

dp

20

Major D

Identify the Crest, Root and Side.

1 2

Crest

Root

10Side

Minor d

Thread Depth

dp

21

Major D

Thread Definitions

• Pitch (P): The distance from a point on a screw thread to a corresponding point on the next thread (in/Threads).

• Angle of Thread (A): The angle between the threads.

22

Thread Definitions

• Screw Axis: The longitudinal centerline.

• Lead: The distance a screw thread advances axially in one turn.

23

Identify the Pitch, Screw Axis and Thread Angle.

1 2

10

Crest

Root

Side

Minor d

Thread Depth

dp

24

Major D

Identify the Pitch, Screw Axis and Thread Angle.

Axis Pitch

Angle

Crest

Root

Side

Minor d

Thread Depth

dp

25

Major D

Thread Definitions

• Right Handed Thread: Advances when turned CW. (Threads are assumed RH unless specified otherwise.)

• Left Handed Thread: Advances when turned CCW.

26

Application Question 1

• Name an example of a left handed thread.

Left peddle of a bike

27

Threads and Fasteners

3) Types of Thread

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Types of Thread

• There are many different types of thread forms (shape) available. The most common are;

– Unified

– Metric

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Types of Thread

• Thread form choice depends on;

– what it will be used for

– length of engagement

– load

– etc…

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Types of Thread (Form)

Thread Name Figure Uses

Unified screw

thread

General use.

ISO metric

screw thread

General use.

Square Ideal thread

for power

transmission.

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Types of Thread (Form)

Thread Name Figure Uses

ACME Stronger than

square thread.

Buttress Designed to

handle heavy

forces in one

direction.

(Truck jack)

32

Threads and Fasteners

4) Manufacturing Screw Threads

33

Manufacturing Threads

• Internal Threads

– First a tap drill hole is cut with a twist drill.

34

Manufacturing Threads

• Internal Threads

– Then the threads are cut using a tap.

35

Manufacturing Threads

• Internal Threads

– Chamfers are sometimes cut to allow for easy engagement.

36

Manufacturing Threads

• External Threads

– You start with a shaft the same size as the major diameter.

37

Manufacturing Threads

• External Threads

– The threads are then cut using a die or on a lathe.

38