Measurements of f 1 / b and f 2 / a

Measurements of Measurements of 11// and and 22//

Masashi Hazumi (KEK)Masashi Hazumi (KEK)

July 31, 2006XXXIII International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP’06)

Many thanks to many people, in particular to: T. Aushev, T. Browder, P. Chang, R. Faccini, K. George, T. Gershon, K. Hara, H. Ishino, A. Lazzaro, S. Olsen, Y. Sakai, O. Tajima and K. Trabelsi

New ResultsNew Results fromfrom BaBarBaBar andand Belle Bellefor Stringent Tests of the for Stringent Tests of the

Kobayashi-Maskawa Model of Kobayashi-Maskawa Model of CPCP Violation Violation

Main New Results Covered in This TalkMain New Results Covered in This Talk(all results are preliminary)(all results are preliminary)

• 11 with tree diagram (b with tree diagram (b ccsccs))• BaBar: sin2BaBar: sin2 in in BB00 J/ J/(2S)(2S)KKSS, , ccKKSS, , c1c1KKSS, J/, J/

• Belle: sin2Belle: sin211 in in BB00 J/ J/

• 11 with penguin diagram ( with penguin diagram (bb sqqsqq))• BaBar: BaBar: BB00 KK++KKKK00, , ’’KK00, , KKSSKKSSKKSS, , KKSS, , KKSS, , 00KKSS

• Belle: Belle: BB00 ’’KK00 , ,00KKSS

• Belle: Belle: BB00 KK00, , KK++KKKKSS , , KKSSKKSSKKSS , , f f 00KKSS, , KKSS

• 2 2

• BaBar: BaBar: , , , , • Belle: Belle: • Belle: Belle:

K.HaraK.Hara

K.GeorgeK.George

A. LazzaroA. Lazzaro

O. TajimaO. Tajima

This talkThis talk

H. IshinoH. Ishino

S. TelnovS. Telnov

• Some other new results and recently published results also mentioned but very briefly.

• /3-related R.Kowalewski (next speaker)

• My apologies if your favorites are not included

RemarksRemarks

2525thth Anniversary of Anniversary of Time-dependent Time-dependent CPCP Violation (t Violation (tCPCPV)V)

Tony, are you nuts?

Look at this.

We need millions of B

and use them to

search for mixing and CP violation

This took us six months!

Tributefrom S. Olsen

5 B mesons

PEP-II at SLAC

KEKB at KEK

9GeV (e) 3.1GeV (e+)peak luminosity:

1.121034cm2s1

Two Asymmetric-energy Two Asymmetric-energy BB Factories Factories

8GeV (e) 3.5GeV (e+) peak luminosity:

1.651034cm2s1

world record

11 nations, 80 institutes, 623 persons

13 countries, 57 institutes, ~400 collaborators

Integrated LuminosityIntegrated Luminosity

PEP-IIfor BaBar

As of July 24, 2006

KEKBfor Belle

KEKB + PEP-II

• Far beyond the design luminosities of both proposals• Triumph in accelerator science

reached on July 13, 2006

~ 1 Billion BB pairs

MotivationMotivationQ. What is the main source of CP violation ?

A. Kobayashi-Maskawa phase IS the dominant source !

Two promising approaches1) Overconstrain the unitarity triangle: precise measurements of and needed2) Compare sin2 in tree diagram and penguin diagram (e.g. b s)

sin2 history(1998-2005)

Q. Are there deviations from the CKM picture ? (e.g. new CP-violating phases)

Paradigm shift !

Time-dependent Time-dependent CPCP violation (t violation (tCPCPV)V)“double-slit experiment” with particles and antiparticles“double-slit experiment” with particles and antiparticles

d cJ/KS

bcsddt

Quantum interference between two diagrams

tree diagram box diagram + tree diagramVtd

You need to “wait” (i.e. t0) to have the box diagram contribution.

ttCPCPV in BV in B00 decays decays

(A = C a la BaBar)

Mixing-induced CPVMixing-induced CPV Direct CPVDirect CPV

e.g. for J/ KsS = CPsin21 = +sin21 A = 0to a good approximation(CP : CP eigenvalue)

)cossin(141

,1 tmAtmSetqPt

)21( w

R : detector resolutionw : wrong tag fraction (misidentification of flavor) (1-2w) quality of flavor tagging They are well determined by using control sample D*l D(*) etc…

S = 0.65A = 0.00 B0 tag

_B0 tag

B0 tag_B0 tag

-CPsin21

Mixing of D*lGood tag region(O

t| (ps)

11 with trees with trees

- Results -- Results -

BB00 J/ J/ K K00 : 535 M BB pairs : 535 M BB pairs

2*KsJbeambc PEM

B0 J/ KS B0 J/ KL

Nsig = 7482Purity 97 %

CP odd

Nsig = 6512Purity 59 %

CP even

pKL information is poor lower purity

Belle preliminary

BELLE-CONF-0647BELLE-CONF-0647

O. TajimaO. Tajima

B0 J/ KS

B0 tag_B

0 B0 J/ KL

B0 tag_B0 tag

Asym. = -CPsin21sinmt

sin21= +0.643 ±0.038 A = - 0.001 ±0.028

sin21= +0.641 ±0.057 A = +0.045 ±0.033

stat error stat error

O. TajimaO. Tajimabackgroundsubtracted

B0 J/ KS

B0 tag_B

0 B0 J/ KL

B0 tag_B0 tag

B0 tag_B

BB00 J/ J/ K K00 : combined result : combined result

Asym. = -CPsin21sinmt

sin21= +0.643 ±0.038 A = - 0.001 ±0.028

sin21= +0.641 ±0.057 A = +0.045 ±0.033

stat error stat error

O. TajimaO. Tajima

BB00 J/ J/ K K00 : combined result : combined result

sin21= 0.642 ±0.031 (stat) ±0.017 (syst) A = 0.018 ±0.021 (stat) ±0.014 (syst)

previous measurementsin2= 0.652 0.044

(388 M BB pairs)

B0 tag_B

535 M BB pairs_ _

Belle preliminary BELLE-CONF-0647BELLE-CONF-0647

O. TajimaO. Tajima

K.GeorgeK.George

A = 0.07 0.028 0.018

BaBar2006: sin2BaBar2006: sin2 in b in b ccs ccs

BB00 J/ J/(2S)(2S)KKSS, , ccKKSS, , c1c1KKSS, , J/J/

2006: BaBar + Belle2006: BaBar + Belle

Consistency with Vub, 3/ R. Kowalewski (next speaker)

(not sin2(not sin2) measurements) measurements

B0D*+D*KsTime-dependent Dalitz analysis (T.Browder, A. Datta et al. 2000) cos2 > 0(94%CL, model-dependent)

B0Dh0 (h0 = 0 etc.)Time-dependent Dalitz analysis cos2 > 0Belle: 98.3%CL(hep-ex/0605023, accepted by PRL)BaBar 87% CL (BABAR-CONF06/017)

K.GeorgeK.George

11 with penguins with penguins

3 theoretically-clean modesKs, ’Ks, 3Ks

Results for Results for 3 theoretically-clean modes3 theoretically-clean modes

KK00, , ''KK00, KsKsKs, KsKsKs

Belle 2006: Belle 2006: BB00 KK0 0 signalsignal

B0 mass

B0 momentum

_535M BB

(bkg subtracted)

KK, KS

KSKL, KS

114 17 KL signal

307 21 KS signal

Three modes

Belle 2006: tBelle 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 KK00

“sin21” = 0.50 0.21(stat) 0.06(syst) A = 0.07 0.15(stat) 0.05(syst)

KS and KL combined background subtracted good tags t –t for KL

t distribution and asymmetry

_535M BB

Consistent with the SM (~1lower) Consistent with Belle 2005

(Belle2005: “sin21” = +0.44

The most precise measurement now

Consistent with the SM (~1lower) Consistent with Belle 2005

(Belle2005: “sin21” = +0.44

The most precise measurement now

unbinned fitSM

BaBar 2006: tBaBar 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 KK00

• Obtain CP parameters for 2-body and 3-body modes simultaneously by time-dependent Dalitz fit

_347M BB

1516 65 KKK0signal

29K0: sin2eff = +0.12 ± 0.31(stat) ± 0.10 (syst)K0: sin2eff = +0.12 ± 0.31(stat) ± 0.10 (syst)

BaBar 2006: tBaBar 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 KK00

measurement (not sin2)

Rejected(within SM)4.6

Belle 2006: Belle 2006: BB00 ''KK0 0 signalsignal

1421 46 'KS signal

454 39 'KL signal

_535M BB

(bkg subtracted)B0 massB0 momentum

Belle 2006: tBelle 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 ''KK00

_535M BB

First observation of tCPV (5.6in a single b s mode

Consistent with the SM Consistent with Belle 2005

(Belle 2005: “sin21” = +0.62

First observation of tCPV (5.6in a single b s mode

Consistent with the SM Consistent with Belle 2005

(Belle 2005: “sin21” = +0.62

''KS and ''KL combined background subtracted good tags t –t for ''KL BELLE-CONF-0647BELLE-CONF-0647

BaBar 2006: tBaBar 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 ''KK00

Cf. BaBar 2005: “sin2” = +0.36 0.13 0.03

“sin2” = 0.55 0.11(stat) 0.02(syst) A = 0.15 0.07(stat) 0.03(syst) “sin2” = 0.55 0.11(stat) 0.02(syst) A = 0.15 0.07(stat) 0.03(syst)

“sin2” 4.9 from zero.

_347M BB

Belle 2006: tBelle 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 KKSSKKSSKKSS

185 17 KSKSKS signal

B0 mass

_535M BB

background 　　 subtracted good tags

BaBar 2006: tBaBar 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 KKSSKKSSKKSS

176 17 KSKSKS signal

_347M BB

Results for other b Results for other b s modes s modes(~20sec/result)(~20sec/result)

Belle 2006: tBelle 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 ff00KKSS

“sin21” = 0.23(stat) 0.11(syst) A = 0.15(stat) 0.07(syst)

_535M BB

377 25 f0KS signal377 25 f0KS signal

Raw symmetryB0 mass

good tags mass

BaBar 2006: tBaBar 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 KKSS

425 280KS signal

_347M BB

Belle 2006: tBelle 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 KKSS

_535M BB

515 320KS signal

Raw symmetryB0 mass

good tags

Belle 2006: tBelle 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 KKKKKKSS

“sin21” = 0.15(stat) 0.03(syst) (CP-even) A = 0.10(stat) 0.05(syst)

_535M BB

840 34 KS signal

Raw symmetry

B0 mass

good tags

+0.210.13

Belle 2006: tBelle 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 KKSS

_535M BB

118 18 KS signal

B0 mass

Raw symmetry

good tags

“sin2” = 0.62 (stat) 0.02(syst) A = 0.43 (stat) 0.03(syst) “sin2” = 0.62 (stat) 0.02(syst) A = 0.43 (stat) 0.03(syst) +0.23

+0.250.30

142 17 0KS signal142 17 0KS signal

_347M BB

111 19KS signal

quasi 2-body approach (restricting tothe region dominated by 0)

_347M BB

2006: 2006: 11 with with bb ss Penguins PenguinsSmaller than bccs in all of 9 modes

Smaller than bccs in all of 9 modes

Theory tends to predictpositive shifts(originating from phasein Vts)

Naïve average of all b s modes

sin2eff = 0.52 ± 0.052.6 deviation betweenpenguin and tree (b s) (b c)

Naïve average of all b s modes

sin2eff = 0.52 ± 0.052.6 deviation betweenpenguin and tree (b s) (b c)

More statistics crucial for mode-by-mode studies

Standard penguin (bird), or something else (rabbit may be) ?

More statistics crucial for mode-by-mode studies

Other handles to search for new physicsOther handles to search for new physicswith penguin diagrams with penguin diagrams

• B0 KsKs (b d penguin): even higher statistics needed

• B sum rule [Gronau, Rosner 2005]• A(K00) = A(K) + A(K0+) – A(K+0)

• B0 Ks0 (electromagnetic penguin)• New physics may lead to right handed currents. This can be

investigated using time-dependent CPV measurements of b s decays and will be discussed in Barlow's talk.

S ~ 0 expected in SM

0.120.110.160.04

1 “beam”1 “beam”

2 “banana”2 “banana”

ttCPCPV and V and 2 2 (())

2VudV*ub

VtdV*tb

VcdV*cb

–tB0

tb Vtd

V*tbVtd

Mixing diagram Decay diagram (tree)

d du–

With the tree diagram only

S = +sin22

3 possibilities: 3 possibilities:

Belle 2006: B0→+− decay (CP asymmetry)

04.010.061.0

05.008.055.0

first error: stat., second: syst.

background subtracted

Large Direct CP violation (5.5)

Large mixing-induced CP violation (5.6)

confidence level contour

H. IshinoH. Ishino

BELLE-CONF-0649BELLE-CONF-0649 _535M BB

1464±65 signal events

S. TelnovS. Telnov

BaBar 2006: tBaBar 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00

confidence level contour

Evidence for CP violation (3.6)

Direct CP violation not yet observed

02.014.053.0

03.011.016.0

History of B0→+− decay

2.3 diff. btw. Belle and BaBar

(C = A)

The results support the expectation from SU(3) symmetry that

)(3~)( KAA CPCP

018.0115.0)( KACPHFAG summer 2005

Interpretation: Direct CP violation+SU(3)

N.G. Deshpande and X.-G. He, PRL 75, 1703 (1995)

M. Gronau and J.L. Rosner, PLB 595, 339 (2004)

3.0~)( CPA

ICHEP2006 World Average

07.039.0~)( CPA

:tough bananas:tough bananas

• A world average observation of large direct CPV• Large penguin diagram (P) ~ Tree diagram (T)• Large strong phase difference between P and T

2222 )2sin(1 effeffAS 2222 )2sin(1 effeffAS

Isospin analysis: flavor SU(2) symmetryIsospin analysis: flavor SU(2) symmetry

• Model-independent (symmetry-dependent) method• SU(2) breaking effect well below present statistical errors

2222 )2sin(1 effeffAS 2222 )2sin(1 effeffAS“Penguin pollution” can be removed by isospin analysis“Penguin pollution” can be removed by isospin analysis

[Gronau-London 1990]

2 constraints from B0→+− decay

inputsB(+0) = (5.75 0.42)B(+-) = (5.20 0.25) 10-6

B(00) = (1.30 0.21) A(00) = +0.35 0.33S(+-) = 0.59 0.09A(+-) = +0.39 0.07

inputsB(+0) = (5.75 0.42)B(+-) = (5.20 0.25) 10-6

B(00) = (1.30 0.21) A(00) = +0.35 0.33S(+-) = 0.59 0.09A(+-) = +0.39 0.07

No stringent constraintobtained with system alone need and

ttCPCPV with BV with B00

• Even worse on first sight ...– Dirty final state: – Mixture of CP = +1 and 1: need to know each fraction

(A++A-)/√2

(A+-A-)/√2

vector vector

Isospin analysis with B Isospin analysis with B • Branching fraction for B0 is larger than

• Branching fraction for B0 is small (<1.1x10-6)– small penguin pollution

• ~100% longitudinally polarized (~pure CP-even state)– no need for elaborate angular analysis

• No significant 3-body/4-body contamination

• Dirty final states including 0

– OK in the clean e+e environment

the best mode as of summer 2005the best mode as of summer 2005

BaBar2006: tBaBar2006: tCPCPV in B V in B

BaBar2006: B BaBar2006: B (cont.)(cont.)

• B0 branching fraction: indication at 3.0

• B+ branching fraction

2 constraints from B0→+− decay

New branching fraction

Isospin triangle now closed (new )

constraint on 2 becomes less stringent.

BaBar2006: B BaBar2006: B Dalitz analysis Dalitz analysis

Preliminary result in 2004 (16 parameters ignoring ) is superseded.

Interferenceinfo. onstrong phasedifference

ICHEP2006: BaBar(ICHEP2006: BaBar(////) + Belle() + Belle(//))

Global Fit = [ 98 ] º +5-19

/2 = [93 ]+119 consistent with a global fit w/o /2

• sets a “window” around 90• chooses the correct position inside

the window: revival of ! • essential to suppress 2~ 0 or 180

• Good agreement b/w the CKM fit ( determined by others) and the direct measurements

• Still a lot to do– solution around 0 or 180, which requires |P/T|~1, can/should be much more

suppressed • e.g. Model-independent constraint using K* (robust against SU(3) breaking)

[Beneke-Gronau-Rohrer-Spranger 2006]– subtleties in statistical analyses with small statistics– uncertainty in background modeling, unknown phases etc.

//22: Discussions: Discussions

Belle 2006: Belle 2006: 22 from B from B Dalitz analysis + isospin (pentagon) analysis Dalitz analysis + isospin (pentagon) analysis

• 26(Dalitz) + 5(Br(), Br(), Br(), A(), and A())

2 (degree)

Results

helicity

/2 = [83 ]+12 (1)

(no constraint at 2

will be included in the world averageBELLE-CONF-0650BELLE-CONF-0650

_449M BB

SummarySummary

• ttCPCPV allows a direct access to fundamental EW parameters V allows a direct access to fundamental EW parameters with small hadronic uncertainties in spite of large hadronic with small hadronic uncertainties in spite of large hadronic uncertainties in branching fractions !uncertainties in branching fractions !

• sin2sin211 now determined with 4% accuracy now determined with 4% accuracy• ttCPCPV in b V in b s: interesting (and tantalizing) hint of deviation from SM s: interesting (and tantalizing) hint of deviation from SM

expectations: only an order of magnitude more data will resolve the expectations: only an order of magnitude more data will resolve the issueissue

• With improved statistics and sophisticated analyses, it has become With improved statistics and sophisticated analyses, it has become clear that clear that 22 is harder to determine than we thought at ICHEP2004; is harder to determine than we thought at ICHEP2004; however, statistics are still the main obstacle.however, statistics are still the main obstacle.

My talk is just a status report !The best of two B factories is yet to come !

tCPV Beautyin

Backup SlidesBackup Slides

Both Both 11// and and 22// Determined from Determined from

Measurements ofMeasurements ofTime-dependent Time-dependent CPCP Asymmetries Asymmetries

in the in the BB Meson System Meson System

Belle 2006: Systematic errors of BBelle 2006: Systematic errors of B00J/J/KK00

Sin21 A

Vertexing 0.012 0.009

Flavor tagging 0.004 0.003

t Resolution 0.006 0.001

Physics parameters. 0.001 0.001

Possible fit bias 0.007 0.004

BG fractions (J/KS) 0.003 0.001

BG fractions (J/KL) 0.005 0.002

BG t 0.001 0.001

Tag-Side interference 0.001 0.009

total 0.017 0.014

q=+1q=-1

SVD1SVD2

ntrktag>=6ntrktag=5ntrktag=4ntrktag=3ntrktag=2ntrktag=1

r0.875-1.0000.750-0.8750.625-0.7500.500-0.6250.250-0.5000.100-0.250

KEKB Integrated luminosity

B0 J/ KS0

B0 J/ KL0

2006: World Average2006: World Average

0.6750.026

2006: BaBar + Belle2006: BaBar + Belle

No direct CPV in the SM: will see with more data No direct CPV in the SM: will see with more data

~2 differenceb/w BaBar and Belle

BaBar:

statistical error: 0.034 0.026

More precisemeasurementspossible withmore data !

K.GeorgeK.George

Belle 2006: Belle 2006: BB00 KKSS helicityhelicity

_532M BB

Consistent with the model used in the analysis [P-wave () + small non P-wave component obtained from Dalitz analysis]

Belle 2006: tBelle 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 KK00 _532M BB

KSKS KL

“sin21” = +0.500.23(stat)“sin21” = +0.500.23(stat) “sin21” = +0.460.56(stat)“sin21” = +0.460.56(stat)

Belle 2006: tBelle 2006: tCPCPV in V in BB00 ''KK00 _532M BB

'KS'KS 'KL

“sin21” = +0.670.11(stat)“sin21” = +0.670.11(stat) “sin21” = +0.480.24(stat)“sin21” = +0.480.24(stat)

“sin21” with subsamples“sin21” with subsamples

Errors are statistical only

Significance of tCPVSignificance of tCPV

S = 0 ruled outwith >5.6at any A

B0→+− decay

C =−A

2.3 diff. btw. Belle and BaBar

(1.4 b/w BaBar and Belle)

UTfit: UTfit: from from , , , ,

All combined

Measurements of f 1 / b and f 2 / a

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