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Reflection on the development of Dubai
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Dubai Faster, higher, wider?
Reflection of the Experiences during the MCI Study Tour 2012
Task.
Please discuss critically the development of Dubai with regard to your findings and
experiences during your visit.
Basic literature.
Balakrishnan, M. S. (2008): Dubai – A Star in the East. A Case Study in Strategic
Destination Branding. Journal of Place Management and Development. 1 (1). pp. 62-91.
Approach.
Own experiences
Presentations during the visit
Informal talks with locals
Additional information, especially statistical data.
From a pearl fishing village surrounded by nothing but sand…
…to a glittering metropolis within 50 years
Thanks to oil and visionary leadership.
Unstoppable
Growth in Dubai?
Residents 1
1953 50.000 2011 2 Mio.
Hotel guests 2
2000 2 Mio. 2011 9.8 Mio.
13% annual growth of real GDP &
6% annual growth of GDP per capita
between 2000 and 2005 3
Average income per capita US$ 47.500 in 2012 4
1 Dubai Statistics Center 2012 | 2 DCTM | 3 Government of Dubai,
Department of Economic Development | 4 Forbes
Dubai‘s visionary Leader
Sheikh Mohammad Bin Rashid Al Maktoum.
Sheikh Mohammad is said to be a perfectionist who is
always in search of new innovative projects and talents.
He seems to be omnipresent for visitors who can see
pictures of him everywhere and for residents who might
meet him personally on one of his surprise visits.
The visionary personality and empowerment of Sheikh
Mohammad align all goals and intentions in one
direction.
He wants to make „Dubai a globally leading Arab city‚.
Balakrishnan 2008: 64 ff.
Sheikh Mohammad‘s
Approach to Development
Burj Khalifa als Symbol for Dubai‘s Ambition
Managing Dubai | Some Characteristics
• Taking advantage of the spatial location (transit point, strategic hub) and the endowment
with fossil resources
• Governmental involvement in virtually every new big project (DCTM 2012)
• Fast development and implementation of creative and innovative projects
• Aspects of finance are marginal (DCTM 2012)
Positioning Dubai
Positioning Dubai | Home of Superlatives Burj Khalifa. Burj Al Arab. The Palm. Dubai Mall. And Much More.
Balakrishnan 2008: 72
Positioning Dubai | Home of luxury Dubai Mall & Gold Souk
Balakrishnan 2008: 72
Positioning Dubai | Home of luxury Real Estate & Hospitality
Balakrishnan 2008: 72
Positioning Dubai | Family Activities For Locals & Tourists
Balakrishnan 2008: 72
Positioning Dubai | Activities Cultural Experiences & Conferencing & Outdoor Activities
Balakrishnan 2008: 72
Dubai | A hyperreal dream of 1001 nights?
Branding Dubai
But Dubai is more than the sum of its landmarks!
It seems that Dubai has not yet decided
what is its key differentiator (Balakrishnan 2008: 81).
• No emotions associated with the brand
• No exact differentiation arguments
Development of Dubai
Dubai‘s Tunnel Vision.
or…
not everything that glitters is gold.
Development of Dubai
Can this lead to sustainable development?
Will the economy of Dubai be prepared for the times when oil is ebbing and
financial resources might become scarce?
Can Dubai bridge the gap between future orientation and preserving its cultural
and natural heritage?
Development of Dubai | ECONOMIC FACTS.
• Pegged Dirham to the Dollar which might close doors for US American investors
but opens doors others, e.g. European ones.
• 18% direct contribution to GDP of Dubai, 29% indirect
• Tax free zones to create an attractive environment for trade
• Liberal property ownership law
• Almost unlimited access to financial resources to realize new projects
• Constant growth of GDP and income per capita in the past which ensured high welfare
for citizens
Balakrishnan 2008: 71 ff.
Development of Dubai | ECONOMY
Dubai International Airport & Emirates Airlines.
Aim to create a hub to link the world and a port to admit people to Dubai
Ambitions to create a mega-hub with positive synergy effects for further industries:
• Manufacturing of aviation related components
• Growth of Cargo Transportation
• Attract Headquarters of Global Players
• Tourism related positive effects like events, conferences, trade shows
O’Connell 2011: 339
Development of Dubai | ECONOMIC EXTERNAL EFFECTS
Huge Impacts of the World’s Financial Crisis 2008 on Dubai, especially on the
Real Estate Sector.
Perception of Dubai as Islamic nation.
The perceived image of foreign countries depends extremly on the current global
situation. The terror attacks of September 11, 2001 for instance had a huge impact
on the image of Muslim countries. (Balakrishnan 2008: 68)
Development of Dubai | ECONOMY Burj Khalifa.
Dubai‘s financial overload
„Dubai‘s Burj Khalifa. Built out of
opulence; named for ist saviour‚ The Globe and Mail, 4 January 2010
„Offices stand empty in tallest tower,
the Burj Khalifa‚ BBC, 21 July 2012
„Dubai tops ist troubles with tallest tower.‚ Financial Times Middle East & North Africa, 4 January 2010
Development of Dubai | ECONOMY
Having the ambition to open up every year a new flagship project (DTCM 2012),
but forget to consider the demand side.
A mostly uninhabitited and empty „The Palm‚
Development of Dubai | ECONOMY & SOCIETY
• Involvement of the government in mostly every project
PRO aligning every project to the vision and guaranteeing sufficient finance
CON no possibility for different ways of thinking to emerge and establish
• No factual determination of the population due to the political framework in the UAE:
Federal presidential elected monarchy.
Balakrishnan 2008: 71 ff.
Development of Dubai | SOCIETY
Diverse cultures and nationalities due to the level of expatriates of 82%
Educational policies of PPP’s and private companies to reduce the problem of brain drain
Emirates Academy that offers a hospitality education of the highest standards
and Jumeirah as owner of Emirates Academy offers students attractive jobs in
Dubai after their graduation.
Question of how to maintain security when tourists will outnumber residents by 4:1.
Migration issues.
Balakrishnan 2008: 68
Development of Dubai | SOCIETY Dubai‘s two-tier society.
Development of Dubai | SOCIETY
Emiratis & Foreign Businessmen
Highly educated & wealthy
Dubai as first or second home
Several times higher income than
the average of US$ 47.500 in 2012
Foreign workers
Live in Dubai to earn money without their families
Bad education
Mostly Indians, Pakistani, Bangladeshi
Income below average at about US$ 1000 in 2012
Dubai‘s two-tier society.
Development of Dubai | SOCIETY
Emiratis & Foreign Businessmen
Potential consumers of tourism
and leisure facilities due to their
high income
Great international brand ambassadors
based on their strong identification
with Dubai as attractive place to live
and to do business
Dubai‘s two-tier society & the impact on the tourism industry.
Foreign workers
Cheap labour force and therefore huge
importance for the service dependent
economy of Dubai
Marginal indirect impact on tourism
Development of Dubai | SOCIETY
How to preserve the cultural heritage
in a multi-cultural society
without blocking new modes of thinking?
Development of Dubai | NATURE Use of land without respect for nature.
Development of Dubai | NATURE
Waste of the scarce resource water.
Is it ethical to build an artificial Ski slope in
the desert only because you can afford it?
Is it ethical to waste tons of water every day
on evaporation by running a huge water
fountain only because you have the money to
create an additional landmark?
Development of Dubai | NATURE
Production of Energy.
Dubai generates currently 100% of its
energy requirements out of oil.
To reduce the use of fossil burning, there
are plans of the UAE government to
implement technologies of nuclear power.
No efforts are taken to be able to use
renewable energies.
Balakrishnan 2008: 76, DTCM 2012
Development of Dubai | NATURE
Waste of land, water and fossil energies…
Is this sustainable resource management?
Conclusion Faster, higher, wider – Dubai?
Development of Dubai | CONCLUSION
Dubai unterwent an extreme development at extraordinary pace owing to its fortune and
the visionary leadership of the Sheikh with impacts on every part of life especially on
economy and tourism.
It offers a good access to finance for its governmental owned cooperations and other
companies to build up new innovative projects and tourism (related) facilities without
being to much sticked to financial issues which creates a good environment for
entrepreneurial activities.
Development of Dubai | CONCLUSION
Aspects of sustainability were not factual considered yet. Some developments seem to be
rather implemented without thinking about possible changes in and impacts on economy,
society and nature.
Dubai should portion its ambitions to ensure its competitiveness in the future and to
minimize risks of failure. The past three years and the huge impacts of the financial crisis
on Dubai showed that even in Dubai, a place 1001 opportunities, there is no guarantee for
unlimited growth.
References & Picture Credits.
References & Sources of Elaborated Thoughts
Balakrishnan, M. S. (2008): Dubai. A Star in the East. A Case Study in Strategic Destination Branding. Journal of
Place Management and Development. 1 (1). pp. 62-91.
DTCM, Dubai Tourism and Commerce Marketing (2012): Welcome to the Dubai Experience. A presentation of
Mohammad Abdullah Janahi with subsequent interview. 15.10.2012
Government of Dubai, Department of Economic Development (o.J.): Dubai Strategic Plan 2015. Available:
http://www.dubaided.gov.ae/English/ecosrch/EconStudies/MgeContentsDocLib/DSP%202015%20En.pdf
05/12/2012.
O‘Connell, J. (2011): The rise of the Arabian Gulf carriers. An insight into the business Model of Emirates Airline.
Journal of Air Transport Management. 17 (2001). pp. 339-346.
Own experiences made on the MCI Study Tour 2012
WTO (2004): Indicators of Sustainable Development for Tourism Destinations. A Guidebook. Available:
http://www.iittm.org/doc/Indicators-of-Sustainable-Development-for-Tourism-Destinations-A-Guide-Book-by-
UNWTO.pdf 05/12/2012
Pictures by Daniela Aichner und Stefanie Dietrich 2012 Slides 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 15-20, 22, 28, 36 & 37
Title Dubai at Night http://sapgeo.deviantart.com/art/dubai-at-night-203258204
Burj Khalifa http://www.wallpaperswala.com/burj-khalifa/
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2714/4245120861_5795f8a3a0.jpg
Brand Dubai Logo http://payload50.cargocollective.com/1/7/234103/3301234/defdubai_13_900.jpg
Oil source http://i.auto-bild.de/ir_img/5/8/6/0/1/2/oelquelle-474x316-5f5c0a20e87053ca.jpg
Satelite Pictures Dubai http://www.rhetorik.ch/Aktuell/09/10_17/entwicklung.jpg
Sheikh Mohammad Bin Rashid Al Maktoum http://www.mbrfoundation.ae/English/Pages/sheikhmohammedbio.aspx
http://www.2daydubai.com/royal/dubai-royal-family_clip_image002.jpg
Sheikhs http://www.sheikhmohammed.co.ae/Content%20for%20English%20site/
Add%20new%20content%20to%20English%20site/News/TempSheikhNews/
2011/February/02-28/02/Dubaicustom-Big-1e.jpg
Workers and Businessman http://www-scf.usc.edu/~ericsoli/DubaiLaborers.jpg
Picture Credits
Dubai Faster, higher, wider?
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