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Max MutchlerSTScI Research and Instrument Scientist
Bonnie MeinkeSTScI Outreach Scientist
Hubble Science Briefing2 April 2015
Hubble’s planetary mission
Hubble has been good for planetary science – and vice versa
• Hubble is capable of observing almost any moving target in the Solar System, with a quick response to transient events
• Best of both worlds: Hubble has a strong history of supporting (and sometimes inspiring) planetary missions
• Hubble’s superb sensitivity and resolution are ideal for studying small Solar System bodies or features
• Important planetary observations have happened at critical points in the Hubble mission
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Moving targets require special tracking, observation planning, and data processing
Jupiter24 Jan 2015
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Moving targets require special tracking, observation planning, and data processing
Jupiter24 Jan 2015
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Hubble was deployed and serviced by the Space Shuttle
1990 Launch1993 SM11997 SM21999 SM3A2002 SM3B2009 SM4
The Trouble with Hubble 99
10. The guy at Sears promised it would work fine. 9. Some kids on Earth must be fooling around with a garage door opener. 8. There's a little doohickey rubbing against the part that looks kind of like a cowboy hat. 7. See if you can think straight after 12 days of drinking Tang. 6. Bum with squeegee smeared lens at red light. 5. Blueprints drawn up by that "Hey Vern!” guy. 4. Those damn raccoons! 3. Shouldn't have used G.E. components. 2. Ran out of quarters. 1. Race of super-evolved galactic beings are screwing with us.
Top Ten Hubble Telescope Excuses
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Solar System observations helped fill the void until the first HST Servicing Mission (SM1)
Despite bugs, breakdowns, and its famous mirror flaw, Hubble still gives a clear view of the cosmos - sometimes
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NASA's Hubble Space Telescope Views Major Storm On Saturnhttp://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/solar-system/1991/04/
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ESA Faint Object Camera (FOC) Images Pluto the "Double Planet"http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/solar-system/1990/14/
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Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9) is disrupted by Jupiter, and on course for a collision in 1994!
The stage is set…1717
Hubble was deployed and serviced by the Space Shuttle
1990 Launch1993 SM11997 SM21999 SM3A2002 SM3B2009 SM4
The comeback story begins 1818
The first Hubble Servicing Mission (SM1) in Dec 1993 was effectively a rescue mission
WFPC2 was installed1919
Wide Field 2(WF2)
Wide Field 3(WF3)
Wide Field 4(WF4)
Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) images had a strange shape due to the high resolution planetary camera (PC)
Planetary Camera (PC1)
2020
Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts Jupiter in July 1994, providing a showcase for the repaired Hubble’s capabilities 2121
Hubble observations of Saturn 1996-2000
As Saturn takes its 29-year journey around the Sun, its tilt allows us to see its rings from different perspectives.
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Hubble was deployed and serviced by the Space Shuttle
1990 Launch1993 SM11997 SM21999 SM3A2002 SM3B2009 SM4
New instruments STIS and NICMOS provide ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) capability.
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Hubble was deployed and serviced by the Space Shuttle
1990 Launch1993 SM11997 SM21999 SM3A2002 SM3B2009 SM4
Getting the hardware up and running again2828
Hubble was deployed and serviced by the Space Shuttle
1990 Launch1993 SM11997 SM21999 SM3A2002 SM3B2009 SM4
Advanced Camera for Surveys is installed, providing greater sensitivity and resolution
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Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS):Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS):installed in 2002…failed in 2007… and partially installed in 2002…failed in 2007… and partially repaired in 2009repaired in 2009
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Advanced Camera for Surveys Wide Field Planetary Camera 2
ACS / HRC (High Resolution Channel)
ACS / WFC
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Hubble observations of giant planets (and their rings and moons)
Without probes exploring these planets, Hubble is the best tool for exploring the outer solar system.
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Ceres
Main Asteroid Belt Kuiper Belt Discovered 1801-1851 Discovered in 1992…or 1930 (Pluto)
Hubble observations of dwarf planets Ceres and PlutoSee ASP article: http://astrosociety.org/edu/publications/tnl/70/pluto.html
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Jim Christy
Annette and Patsy TombaughAnnette and Patsy Tombaugh
Jim Christy Jim Christy
New HorizonsNew Horizons launch launch19 January 200619 January 2006 4242
2011-2012: Hubble discovers two more Pluto moons while looking for hazards for the New Horizons spacecraft
They were later named Styx and Kerberos – despite the suggestion from Captain Kirk and Spock
2014: Hubble discovers two Kuiper Belt Objects that New Horizons could fly by after Pluto
See Hubble Science Briefing from 2012:http://hubblesource.stsci.edu/services/events/telecons/
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New Horizons spots Nix and Hydra orbiting Pluto(“Better Than Hubble” date in late April or early May)
http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20150218 4444
Dawn mission to Vesta and Ceres
Launched September 27, 2007
See Google hangouts on YouTube about Hubble observations of Vesta and Ceres in support of Dawn:
“Dawn mission: Hubble inspired” 4848
Dawn New Horizons
Pluto 2015
Vesta2011
Ceres2015
2015 is the Year of the Dwarf Planets
Their spaceships have come in! 5050
Hubble was deployed and serviced by the Space Shuttle
1990 Launch1993 SM11997 SM21999 SM3A2002 SM3B2009 SM4
Since 2009, Hubble is better than ever and still a workhorse for planetary exploration
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Hubble observations of Comet ISON
See ASP article:http://heritage.stsci.edu/2013/47/supplemental/ab2013-118-hubble-encounters-ison.pdf
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Imaging C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) with the Hubble Space TelescopeJian-Yang Li, Michael S.P. Kelley, Tony L. Farnham, Nalin H. Samarasinha, Carey M. Lisse, Michael F. A'Hearn, Max J. Mutchler, and W. Alan Delamere, ACM Helsinki 2014
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Will their spaceship come in?
Most Solar System objects will be explored using only Earth-based resources, until those observations justify new probes sent to explore them in greater detail…
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This graphic shows the location of water vapor detected over Europa's south pole that provides the first strong evidence of water plumes erupting off Europa's surface. Hubble didn't photograph plumes, but spectroscopically detected auroral emissions from oxygen and hydrogen. The aurora is powered by Jupiter's magnetic field. The image of Europa is derived from a global surface map generated from Voyager and Galileo observations.
Science Credit: NASA, ESA, L. Roth (Southwest Research Institute and University of Cologne, Germany), J. Saur (University of Cologne, Germany), K. Retherford (Southwest Research Institute), D. Strobel and P. Feldman (Johns Hopkins University), M. McGrath (Marshall Space Flight Center), and F. Nimmo (University of California, Santa Cruz)
NASA/ESA/L. Roth (Southwest Research Institute and University of Cologne, Germany)
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This is an artist's concept of a plume of water vapor thought to
be ejected off of the frigid, icy surface of the Jovian moon
Europa, located 500 million miles from the Sun.
Hubble Space Telescope spectroscopic measurements
lead scientists to calculate that the plume rises to an altitude of
125 miles and then probably rains frost back onto the moon's
surface. Previous findings already point to a subsurface
ocean under Europa's icy crust.
Artwork Credit: NASA, ESA, and K. Retherford (Southwest Research Institute)
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Main Belt Comets (active asteroids)
See Hubble Science Briefing from Feb 2014:http://hubblesource.stsci.edu/services/events/telecons/
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Hubble now studies planets beyond our Solar System:
Hubble Space Telescope spectroscopic measurements
allow scientists to examine atmospheres of exoplanets
We see Kuiper Belts and planets around other stars.
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