Matter. 1. Matter-Anything that takes up space and has mass. 2. Mass is the measure of the amount of...
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- Slide 1
- Matter
- Slide 2
- 1. Matter-Anything that takes up space and has mass. 2. Mass is
the measure of the amount of matter an object contains. A balance
measures mass Weight is a measure of the pull of gravity on the
matter in an object; *spring scales measure weight (pull of
gravity) **Weight can change but mass does not 3. Volume-how much
space an object occupies Regular objects (definite shapes): V=lwh
*a box, table, ice cube, etc. Irregular shapes: displacement of
water *beans in a graduated cykinder
- Slide 3
- 1. Atoms are extremely small. it would take a stack of about
50,000 aluminum atoms to equal the thickness of a sheet of aluminum
foil from your kitchen. if you could enlarge a penny until it was
as wide as the US, each of its atoms would be only about 3 cm in
diameter about the size of a ping-pong ball a human hair is about 1
million carbon atoms wide. a typical human cell contains roughly 1
trillion atoms. a speck of dust might contain 3x10 12 (3 trillion)
atoms. it would take you around 500 years to count the number of
atoms in a grain of salt. www.deckersfoods.com C-C-C-C-C- + 999,995
more 1 trillion atoms . Is made of approximately 3 trillion atoms
Just one of these grains
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- 2. Molecule-2 or more atoms combined This can be the same kind
of atoms or different atoms. ozone water 3. Atoms and molecules are
always in motion
- Slide 5
- 1.Particle arrangement and energy determines the state
a.Solid-have a definite volume and definite shape; molecules
vibrate in place-low kinetic energy b.Liquid-No definite shape but
definite volume; molecules move slowly (kinetic energy increases)
c.Gas-no definite shape or volume; move very fast with high kinetic
energy
- Slide 6
- Close up view of atoms and their behavior Animated images are
from
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/
- Slide 7
- What states of matter are represented in the photograph?
- Slide 8
- Kinetic energy increases as heat is added YOU MAY WANT TO DRAW
THIS
- Slide 9
- Makes up 99% of the visible universe The most common form of
matter A charged gas full of energy Plasma can be found in the Sun
and Stars and Lightning d. Plasma-a special state
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- a. Changing states requires a change in pressure or temperature
b. Processes of change 1. gas to liquid 2. liquid to solid 3. solid
to liquid 4. Liquid to gas condensation freezing melting
evaporation, boiling
- Slide 11
- Materials differ in terms of the kind of matter they contain.
Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a
substance. Substances can be identified as either an element,
compound, or a mixture.
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- A pure substance that cannot be broken down any further contain
just one type of atom Atoms are the smallest part of an element Can
exist as a single atom or a molecule (2 atoms joined)
Symbol-represents an element Examples might be Oxygen (O), Nitrogen
(N), Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H). These 4 are necessary to all
life
- Slide 13
- contains two or more different atoms joined together. This is a
molecule and it is the smallest part of a compound a chemical
reaction is needed to separate elements in a compound. Examples
would be water, salt, sugar Represented by formulas: H 2 O, NaCl, C
6 H 12 O 6
- Slide 14
- 3. mixture 1. A mixture contains two or more different
substances that are only be physically joined together, not
chemically. A mixture can contain both elements and compounds.
There are two kinds of mixtures. Homogenous a. Homogenous -equal
parts; evenly mixed solutions like saltwater or koolaid.
Homogeneous -uneven mix of parts. Many settle out depending on
weight. Examples might include milk, muddy water and salad dressing
b. Homogeneous -uneven mix of parts. Many settle out depending on
weight. Examples might include milk, muddy water and salad
dressing
- Slide 15
- E. Properties of Matter 1. Properties used to describe matter
can be classified as: a. Extensive depends on the amount of matter
in the sample - Mass, volume, calories are examples b. Intensive
depends on the type of matter, not the amount present - Hardness,
Density, Boiling Point
- Slide 16
- 2. Types of properties are a. Physical Properties- a property
that can be observed and measured without changing the materials
composition (identity). -Examples- color, hardness, melting point,
boiling point, texture, odor, size b. Chemical Properties- a
property that can only be observed by changing the composition
(identity) of the material. -Examples- ability to burn, decompose,
ferment, react with oxygen, etc.
- Slide 17
- . 1. Physical change- A type of change that alters a material
without changing its chemical composition. Boil, melt, cut, bend,
split, crack Is boiled water still water? Is a cut piece of wood
still wood? Can be reversible, or irreversible
- Slide 18
- 2. Chemical change - a change where a new substance is formed
that is different than the original Examples: Burning, corroding,
decomposing Evidence of a chemical change include Energy (light,
heat or both) is absorbed or released Endothermic-heat is absorbed
cooling temperatures Exothermic-heat is released raising
temperatures and often giving off light Color changes Gas
production (bubbling, fizzing, or odor change; smoke)